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名词性从句是指在复合句中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 ★ 主语从句 ★定义 在复合句中作主语的句子称为主语从句。 常见的连接词 that, whether, who, what, whatever, whoever, where, when, why, how等。 用法 (1)如果表示一般情况，主句的谓语动词通常用第三人称单数，且主语从句本身的时态不受主句时态的影响。 (2)为了避免句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在句首，真正主语放在句末。一般常用句型为： ①It is + n. + that从句。 ②It is + adj. + that从句。 ③It is + 过去分词 + that从句。 ④It turned out that ... ⑤It hit sb. /occurred to sb. that ... 其他 (1)从句的意思完整时用that引导，that在从句中没有意义且不能省略。 (2)引导置于句首的主语从句时，只能用whether，不能用if。 (3)what, whatever, whoever引导主语从句时，既可在从句中作主语也可作宾语，what还可在从句作表语。 ★ 宾语从句 ★定义 在复合句中，由一个句子作宾语，这个句子就叫作宾语从句。 常见的连接词 that, whether, if, who, whose, which, when, how, what, why等。 用法 (1) that引导的宾语从句。 ①及物动词后的连接词that可省略。 ②that除了在介词in, except, but, besides后构成固定用法外，不可在其他介词后引导宾语从句。 ③如果宾语后有补足语，要用形式宾语it来代替，而将从句放到补足语的后面去。 ④当一个动词后有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，第二个以及其他的that不可以省略。 【注】 有些像appreciate, like, dislike, love, hate等表示“喜欢，爱，恨”等心理方面的动词，其后加上it作形式宾语，再接if/wh-从句作真正的宾语。 (2)whether与if引导宾语从句。 whether与if引导的宾语从句，有“是否”的含义，常用在ask, wonder等动词之后，二者可以互换。 【注】只能用whether，不能用if的情况： ◆在介词后面。 ◆在动词不定式前。 ◆当后面直接跟or not时。 (3)宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。 在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句一律是用“连接词＋陈述句语序”，其标点符号由主句来决定。 (4)时态一致性。 ①若主句时态是现在时态，宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。 ②若主句是过去时态，宾语从句的时态通常也用过去时态。 ★ 表语从句 ★定义 在复合句中，由一个句子作表语，这个句子就叫作表语从句。 常见连接词 that, whether, as though/as if, because, who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。 用法 (1)可以接在be, look, remain, seem等连系动词后面。 (2)表语从句用陈述语序。 (3)This is because ...意为“这是因为……”，指原因或理由；This is why ...意为“这就是为什么……；因此……”，指由于各种原因所造成的后果。 其他 (1) that在表语从句中通常不可省略。 (2)引导表语从句时，用whether，不用if。 ★ 同位语从句 ★定义 在复合句中充当同位语的句子。同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明，被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。 常见连接词 that, whether, what, who, how, when, where等。 用法 (1)that引导的同位语从句： ①that引导同位语从句时，从句为一个句意完整的陈述句。 ②that在从句中不充当句子成分，没有具体的意思，只起连接作用，但不能省略。 (2)whether引导同位语从句时不能与if互换。 (3)有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开。 ★ 目标训练 ★将下列句子转换为名词性从句，每空一词。 1. Foreigners seem increasingly interested in learning Chinese culture. → foreigners are increasingly interested in learning Chinese culture. 2. Cherry told me the computer games had affected her son. → Cherry told me the computer games had affected her son. 3. The factory in our town will have to close. What a shock to us all! → is a shock to us all the factory in our town will have to close. 4. Peter felt upset because he failed the test yesterday. → Peter failed the test yesterday. he felt upset. → The reason why Peter felt upset was he failed the test yesterday. 5. Joe suggested that we should have a further discussion about the final decision, which sounded very important. → Joe’s suggestion we should have a further discussion about the final decision sounded very important. 6. No one is allowed to copy or use it without permission, but Carl broke the rule. → Carl broke the no one is allowed to copy or use it without permission. 7. “Did your father’s bad attitude make you unhappy?” I asked her. → I asked her her father’s bad attitude her unhappy. 8. Do you know why your sister is so sad these days? → Do you know makes your sister so sad these days? 9. Helping people in trouble to get out of their sufferings is our duty. → people in trouble to get out of their sufferings. 10. When we shall have our meeting is still a question. → we shall have our meeting. 11. His invention has greatly changed the way people communicate with each other. → has greatly changed the way people communicate with each other. 12. Obviously, without the help of the whole society, there would be no new school buildings. → without the help of the whole society, there would be no new school buildings. key： 1. It seems that 2. What; is that 3. It; that 4. That is why; that 5. that 6. rule that 7. whether; had made 8. what 9. What’s our duty is helping 10. It is still a question when 11. What he invented 12. It is obvious that |
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来自： 昵称32937624 > 《待分类》
