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高考英语短文语法填空考点--名词性从句连词专题

 花好月圆sb3rxi 2019-11-28
名词性从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句四种。名词性从句连接词的选择是考查的重点。名词性从句连接词的选择可从连接词在从句中的作用(即成分)和意义两个方面入手:一是连接词在从句中作不作成分,如果作成分,作什么成分;二是连接词在从句中有无意义,如有意义,是何意义。具体见下表:
作用(成分)
that
           ×
×
if/whether
           ×
          √是否
what(ever)/which(ever)/
who(ever)/Whom(ever)/
whose/how many/how much
           √
主语、宾语、表语、定语
            √
(无论)什么/哪一个/谁、谁的、多少
when(ever)/where(ver)/
how(ever)/why/because
           √
状语、表语
           √
(无论)何时/何地/怎样、为什么,因为
1.that引导名词性从句
that引导名词性从句时,在从句中不作成分,也没有任何意义。
1. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence __________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. (2019全国I)
【答案】that
【解析】句意:虽然在北纬88度以北它们较为罕见,但是有证据表明,它们的活动范围延伸到北极,向南延伸至加拿大的詹姆斯湾。there is evidence是一个there be句型,后面又是一个句子,所以空白处应填连词;这是一个同位语从句,连接词在从句中不作成分,也没有意思,所以用that引导。
2. It is possible  _________  caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too. (2018浙江)
【答案】that
【解析】句意:咖啡因也有可能婴儿一出生就带有缺陷。这是一个复合句。it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的从句,所以这是一个主语从句,连接词在从句中不作成分,也没有意义,故填that
3. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ___________ one can be entirely free from dust.
【答案】that
【解析】句意:雨季最惬意的事情就是人们可以远离尘土。这是一个复合句。连接词引导表语从句,在从句中不作成分,也没有意义,故填that
4It is believed ____________ children should learn to be responsible from the very beginning
【答案】that
【解析】句意:人们认为,小孩子从小就要学会承担责任。这是一个复合句。it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的从句,所以这是一个主语从句,连接词在从句中不作成分,也没有意义,故填that
5. I truly believe ______ beauty comes from within.
【答案】that
【解析】句意:我确实认为美来自内在。这是一个复合句。连接词引导宾语从句,在从句中不作成分,也没有意义,故填that
6. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _____ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
【答案】that
【解析】句意:取得成功的唯一办法就是要有坚定的信念:相信你在赛场上比其他任何人都棒。这是一个复合句。连接词引导同位语从句,在从句中不作成分,也没有意义,故填that
2.if/whether引导名词性从句
if/whether引导名词性从句时,在从句中不作成分,但表示是否之意。
1. It remains to be seen __________ the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
【答案】whether
【解析】句意:新成立的委员会的政策能否付诸实施还有待观察。这是一个复合句。it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的从句,所以这是一个主语从句。连接词在从句中不作成分,但表示是否之意,故填whether
2. We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know __________ she’ll accept it.         
【答案】whether/if
【解析】句意:我们已经给予她这项工作,不过不知道她是否接受。这是一个并列复合句。连接词在第二个分句中引导宾语从句,在从句中不作成分,但表示是否之意,故填入whetherif 
注意:ifwhether引导名词性从句的区别:
1. 主语从句置于句首时,用whether引导,不用if例如:
   ________ the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained controversial; people are still looking for other possible solutions.
【答案】whether
【解析】句意:这里的大楼是否要推倒仍然有争议,人们仍然在寻找其它可能的解决方法。这是一个复合句。连接词引导主语从句,在从句中不作成分,但表示是否,主语从句在句首,应用whether,不能用if
2. if不能引导表语从句和同位语从句。
3. 引导宾语从句时,ifwhether通常可以互换,但在下列情况只用whether,不用if
1)从句作介词宾语时;
2)与or not连用时。例如:
1. We haven’t settled the question of __________ it is necessary for him to study abroad.
【答案】whether
【解析】句意:他是否需要出国学习这个问题我们还没有解决。这是一个复合句。连接词引导宾语从句,作介词of的宾语。连接词在从句中不作成分,但表示是否,故填whether
2. It doesn’t matter _________you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.
【答案】whether
【解析】句意:连接词引导主语从句后置,在从句中不作成分,但表示是否之意,故用whetherif也可以引导名词性从句,表示是否,但不能与oror not连用。
3.what(ever)/which(ever)/who(ever)等引导名词性从句
What(ever)/which(ever)/who(ever)等引导名词性从句时,在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语,并分别表示(无论)什么/哪一个/等意思。
1. I'm not sure ____________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. (2018全国卷III)
 【答案】which/who
【解析】句意:我不知道谁更害怕,是我呢还是突然销声匿迹的母大猩猩。这是一个复合句。主句是I'm not sure,后面是宾语从句,在宾语从句中又包含一个that引导的定语从句。宾语从句的连接词在从句中作主语,且表示谁;哪一个,故填whowhich
2. This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
【答案】what
【解析】句意:这就是我父亲教给我的——永远用最好的心情面对困难。这是一个复合句。连接词引导表语从句,并在从句中作宾语,表示什么,故填what
3. The gold medal will be awarded to ___________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.
【答案】whoever
【解析】句意:金牌将授予任何在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。这是一个复合句。连接词引导宾语从句,作介词to的宾语,并在从句中作主语,表示无论谁,故填whoever
4. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ______ suits you best.
【答案】whichever
【解析】句意:提供的课程多达五门,你可以任意选择最适合你的。连接词引导宾语从句,并在从句中作主语,因有选择的范围as many as five courses,故填whichever,表示无论哪一个
5. Your support is important to our work. ______ you can do helps.
【答案】whatever
【解析】句意:你的帮助对我们很重要。无论你做什么对我们都有帮助。这是一个复合句。连接词引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语,表示无论什么,故填whatever
4. when(ever)/where(ver)/how(ever)/why等引导名词性从句
when(ever)/where(ver)/how(ever)/why等引导名词性从句时,在从句中作状语(有时也可作表语),表示(无论)何时/何地/怎样/为什么等意义。
1. What students do at college seems to matter much more than _________ they go. 2019北京)
【答案】where
【解析】句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比他们上什么大学更重要。这里是前面的主语从句What students do at college相比较,连接词在从句中作地点状语,故填where
2. As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.2015全国II
【答案】how
【解析】句意:作为天然的建筑师,印第安人精确地算出了土坯房需要多厚的墙才能使这一循环过程在大部分时间持续下去。这是一个复合句。连接词引导宾语从句,并在从句中作状语,表示多么,故填how
3. By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.
【答案】how
【解析】句意:去那里的唯一途径就是坐船,我们就是坐船到那的。这是一个复合句。which引导的定语从句中又包含一个表语从句。连接在表语从句中作方式状语,表示怎样,故填how
4. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing _______ she was heading.
【答案】where
【解析】句意:简沿着树木掩映的街道漫无目的地走着,不知该去何方。这是一个复合句。Not knowin后面是一个宾语从句。连接词在从句中作地点状语,故填where
5. The best moment for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal.
【答案】when
【解析】句意:对这个足球明星来说,最激动人心的时刻就是他踢进致胜的一球的那一刻。这是一个复合句。连接词引导表语从句,并在从句中作时间状语,故填when

巩固练习:
1. His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _________it is he is trying to express.
【答案】what
【解析】to make out后接一个宾语从句,连接词在从句中作express的宾语,且表示什么,故填what
2. Every year, __________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a price in the Kite Festival.
【答案】whoever
【解析】句意:每年,任何做出最漂亮的风筝的人都会在风筝节上获奖。这是一个复合句。连接词引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语,表示无论谁,故填whoever
3. Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.
【答案】where
【解析】这是一个复合句。连接词引导表语从句,并在从句中作表语,表示所处境况,故填where
4. Mr Wang wanted to know __________ place would be the most enjoyable for the whole family.
【答案】which
【解析】这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句,连接词在从句中作定语,表示哪一个,故填which
5. Our teachers always tells us to believe in __________ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.                                                           
【答案】what
【解析】连接词引导宾语从句,并在从句中作do的宾语,表示什么,故用what
6. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ________ suits you best.
【答案】whichever
【解析】连接词引导宾语从句,并在从句中作主语,因有选择的范围as many as five courses,故填whichever,意为无论哪一个
7. There is much truth in the idea _______ kindness is usually served by frankness.
【答案】that
【解析】这是一个复合句。 the idea后是个引导同位语从句,连接词在从句中不作成分,也无意义,故填that
8. It doesn’t matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
【答案】whether
【解析】这是一个复合句。whether引导主语从句后置,whether在从句中不作成分,表示是否后有or,不能用if
9. When the news came _______ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.
【答案】that
【解析】the news后接一个后置的同位语从句,连接词在从句中不作成分,也无意义,故填that
10. It is still under discussion ________ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
【答案】whether
【解析】由后面的or not可知,应填whether
11. The manager put forward a suggestion _________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
【答案】that
【解析】这是一个复合句。连接词引导同位语从句,在从句中不作成分,也没有意义,故填that句意:经理提出一个建议:我们应该聘一个助手。因为有太多的事情要做。
12. Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.       
【答案】that
【解析】evidence后接一个后置的同位语从句。连接词在从句中不作成分,也无意义,故填that

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