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The ever increasing complexity of the world haschanged how sustainment is conducted. The lines of communication have changedfrom internal and secure to external and contested. The footprint of Armyforces has shifted from a large forward presence operating from numerousoverseas bases to a continental United States-based, joint, integrated, andexpeditionary force. 美国陆军在从大量在前沿基地部署转向基于本土的联合、融合和远征力量转变
The Army Operating Concept, Win in a Complex World, assertsthat in order to win in this environment, Army forces must be able to 'setthe theater, provide strategic agility to the joint force, and maintain freedomof movement and action during sustained and high tempo operations at the end ofextended lines of communication in austere environments.'
陆军“赢在复杂世界”作战概念提出，为了在这一环境中获胜，陆军必须能够“基于战区，为联合部队提供战略机动能力，在持续和快节奏作战中保持机动和行动自由”
Setting the theater is a continuous shaping activity and isthe responsibility of the geographic combatant command. As a result of theworld becoming increasingly complex, U.S. forces must be able to establish theconditions in theater that are necessary to meet national objectives. The Armyenables the geographic combatant command to set the theater by providing uniquecapabilities that include sustainment support.
This article discusses from a doctrinal perspective what itmeans to 'set the theater' and the role of the sustainmentwarfighting function in setting and supporting the theater using the jointphasing model. Analyzing and understanding setting the theater within thecontext of the joint phasing model is essential to understanding the role ofArmy sustainment in supporting unified actions.
DEFINING SET THE THEATER
Although 'set the theater' is a relatively newphrase, the act of setting the theater is not. It serves as an umbrella termencompassing the activities associated with establishing the conditions forexecuting operations. Although the phrase appears in doctrinal literature, itis not officially defined in joint or Army doctrine.
尽管“基于战区”是一个相对新的词汇，但是基于战区的行动其实早就有之。这是一个大的概念，包括为进行作战建立条件的活动。尽管这个词语出现在条令文献中，但是联合或陆军条令并未对其进行界定。
The Army Operating Concept for 2020-2040, published in 2014,added set the theater as an Army core competency and proposes that it bedefined as the 'actions taken to establish and maintain the conditionsnecessary to seize the initiative and retain freedom of action.' Thisproposed definition is entirely too vague and does not meet the joint or Armycriteria for official terms.
2014年出版的陆军2020-2040作战概念中，“基于战区”被认为是陆军的核心能力并建议定义其为“建立和维持抢占先机和行动自由所需条件的行动”。这一定义太过模糊，而且并未满足联合和陆军对于官方术语的标准。
Based on an extensive review of related current doctrine andother relevant material, set the theater is better defined as 'the broadrange of actions conducted to shape the operational environment, deteraggression, and establish the conditions in a theater of operations for theexecution of strategic plans.'
基于对相关现有条令和材料的广泛研究，“基于战区”最好被定义为“采取的为塑造战场环境、阻止侵略并为在战区执行战略计划建立条件的广泛活动”。
THE JOINT PHASING MODEL 联合阶段模型
The joint phasing model consists of six phases as shown infigure 1. The commander determines the applicable phases and the measures fordetermining when to transition from phase to phase. Generally, the end of onephase initiates the beginning of the next phase, but activities may begin inone phase and continue or conclude in a subsequent phase.
联合阶段模型有六个阶段组成。指挥官确定合适的阶段以及确定转换阶段的标准。通常，一个阶段的结束意味着下一个阶段的开始，但是具体活动可能开始于一个阶段，在下一个阶段继续进行或者停止。
The phasing model is not necessarily linear. For example, acommander may transition from the dominate phase to the stabilize phase in onearea while remaining in the dominate phase in other areas. The decision totransition is based on predetermined criteria established by the commander.Additionally, the commander may shift back from the stabilize phase to thedominate phase if the situation changes and breaking the will of the adversarybecomes necessary again.
阶段模式并非线性的。例如，指挥官可能将一个区域从主导阶段转换至稳定阶段，而在其他区域保持主导阶段。阶段转换的决定是基于之前指挥官所定下的标准。此外，如果形势发生变化、有必要再次打击敌人的意志，指挥官也可以从稳定阶段转为主导阶段。
Phase 0 of the model is the shape phase. Shaping of theoperational environment never ends because preparation and prevention areenduring activities in the national strategic and theater strategic plans.Phase I, the deter phase, consists of demonstrating national resolve andsetting the conditions for projection of power and employment of the force.Phase II is the seize the initiative phase. Its emphasis is on applying theappropriate capabilities for combat operations or noncombat operations.
0阶段是布势阶段。塑造战场环境从来不会停止，因为在国家战略计划和战区战略计划中，准备和预防是持续不断的活动。1阶段是震慑阶段，包括展示国家决心，为展示力量准备条件以及使用部队。2阶段是夺取主动权，其强调运用合适力量进行作战行动或非作战行动。
Phase III, the dominate phase, focuses on achievingoperational objectives or controlling the operational environment. Phase IV isthe stabilize phase and concentrates on establishing security, restoringservices, and helping the host nation to stabilize. Phase V is the enable civilauthority phase and is focused on redeployment of the force and transferringcontrol to civil authorities.
3阶段是主导阶段，关注达成作战目标或控制作战环境。4阶段是稳定阶段，关注建立安全、重建服务、帮助东道国恢复稳定。5阶段是建立民事政权，关注于重新部署部队和移交民事政权。
Analyzing and understanding the operational environment isessential to applying the phasing model and setting the theater. Sustainmentpreparation of the operational environment assists commanders and staffs inidentifying environmental factors and in refining the sustainment concept ofsupport.
分析和了解作战环境对应用作战阶段模型、基于战区非常重要。
The analysis of the operational environment is framed withinthe context of political, military, economic, social, information,infrastructure, physical environment, and time variables. Analysis within thecontext of these variables facilitates logisticians' understanding of thesustainment support needed to establish the proper conditions in theater forcontingency operations designed to achieve the objectives described in nationalstrategic guidance.
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