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名词性从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，可作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 1、主语从句主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语。引导主语从句的词有连词that, whether；连接代词who, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever等；连接副词when, where, why, how, how much, how many, how far等。 1. 连词that在主语从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，无意义，不能省略。 2. 连词whether在主语从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，意为“是否”。 3. 连接代词who, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever等在主语从句中常作主语、宾语、表语，起连接作用，有意义。what在主语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或补足语。 4. 连接副词when, where, why, how, how much, how many, how far等引导主语从句时，常作时间、地点、原因、方式等状语，起连接作用，有意义。 5. 当主语从句太长，为了平衡句子结构，常用it作形式主语放在句首，而将that引导的主语从句放在句子的末尾。此类常见的句型结构有： 1) it+be+形容词+that从句：It’s strange that she knows nothing about it. 2) it+be+名词+that从句：It’s a wonder that he is still alive. 3) it+be动词+that从句：Is it that the gentleman is not your uncle? 4) it+动词(+宾语/状语)+that从句：It never occurred to me that perhaps she was lying. 5) it+动词的被动语态+that从句：It’s said that there has been an earthquake in Japan. 在口语中that有时可以省略： It was clear her words pleased him. It’s not our fault this has happened. It strikes me Jack is a good boy. 6. 用it作形式主语放在句首，而将从属连词、连接代/副词引导的主语从句放在句子的末尾的常见句型结构有： 1) it+be+形容词+从句：It’s uncertain whether the game will be held. 2) it+be+名词+从句：It’s a puzzle how life began. 3) it+动词(+宾语/状语)+从句：It doesn’t matter much where we live. 4) it+动词的被动语态+从句：It is not decided who will perform it. 2、宾语从句在复合句中作句子的宾语的从句被称为宾语从句。引导宾语从句的词有连词that, whether, if；连接代词who, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等；连接副词when, where, why, how等。 1. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，该宾语从句可用任何词引导。常用的句型有： 1) ...make it possible/easy/difficult... that... 使……可能/容易/难…… 2) ...find/feel/think it necessary/important... that... 发觉/认为……必要/重要 3) ...make it clear that... 说清楚…… 4) ...make it a rule that... 使……成为习惯…… 5) ...take it for granted that... 认为……是理所当然的 6) ...bring it to one’s attention that... 使……被某人注意到，使某人注意到…… 7) ...see to it that... 务必……，一定注意到…… 2. 宾语从句的否定转移：当主句谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, expect等，且主语是第一人称I/we时，习惯上将否定词not转移到主句中，形式上否定主句谓语，而实际上否定的是从句谓语。 3、表语从句在复合句中作句子的表语的从句被称为表语从句。引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether, as if；连接代词who, which, what, whoever, whatever, whichever等；连接副词when, where, why, how等。 1. 表语从句要用陈述语序。例如：The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 2. 在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。例如：The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow. 3. 连词that在表语从句中一般不可以省掉。例如：What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 4、同位语从句在主从复合句中，用作同位语的从句，称为同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词的后面，用以说明或解释前面的名词，引导同位语从句的词有连词that, whether；连接代词what, who；连接副词when, where, why, how...等都引导同位语从句。 1. 连词that引导同位语从句时，从句为一个句意完整的陈述句。that不能省略，没有具体的意思，不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。 2. 用连词that引导的同位语从句解释或说明的名词有：fact, news, belief, doubt, hope, idea, conclusion, message, proof, feeling, possibility, thought, promise, impression, report, opinion, order等。 3. 同位语从句有时和前面的名词分开。例如：The story goes that he often beats his children. |
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