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一、概念 表语从句，就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么，放在系动词之后。 二、引导词 连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, whoever，whichever ，whatever等。还有如because, as if, as though等。 His suggestion is that we should stay calm. 他的建议是，我们应该保持冷静。 The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 问题是，他什么时候可以到达酒店。 That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。 This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。 That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。 It is because you eat too much那是因为你吃得太多了。 三、表语从句的注意事项 1. 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。 False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel. Right: The question iswhen he can arrive at the hotel. 2. if不能引导表语从句，只能用whether 来引导。 False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us. Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us. 3. 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。 Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow. Right: The question is why he cried yesterday. 4. that在表语从句中不做成分，没有意义，但不可以省掉。 What I told him was that I would find him a good play.我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。（what在主语从句中作直接宾语， that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，但不能省略） That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的。（what在表语从句中充当直接宾语) 5. “That is why...”是常用句型， 意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”， 其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语， 该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结。 That is why she failed to pass the exam.那就是她考试不及格的原因。（why 在表语从句中充当原因状语） That is why you see this old woman before you know,Jeanne.珍妮， 这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。 下面是两个与“That is why...”形式相似的结构， 它们与“That is why...”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚： (1）“That is why...”与“That is the reason why...”同义， 只不过从语法结构上讲， “That is the reason why...”中why引导的是—个定语从句， 将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why...”结构一样， 例如： That is (the reason) why I cannot agree.这就是我不能同意的理由。 (2）“That is because...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语， 这也是个常用句型， 意为“这就是为什么……/因为……”。“That is because...”与“That is why...”之间的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由， “That is why...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果， 例如： He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影， 那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。（第一句话说明结果， 第二句话说明原因） He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看过那部电影， 因此他昨天晚上没有去看。（第一句话说明原因， 第二句话说明结果） 6. 句型The reason is that… （当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because） The reason is that he didn't catch the bus. 理由是他没有赶上公共汽车。 7. 语气 1）主语为advice, order, idea, notion, proposal, suggestion, request等一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词，之后的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。 Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible. 我们唯一的请求就是尽快解决这个问题。 2） As if/though引导的表语从句时，从句谓语多用虚拟语气。 这是因为从句中的情况与事实不相符。 具体来说，如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式； 如果从句表示与过去事实相反时，谓语动词“had+done”， 如果从句表示将来的可能性不大，用would(might ,could )+动词原形，如： Li Lei is now in a new jacket he looks as if he were an American boy. The girl is giving us a vivid description of moon. It seems as if she had been to the moon many times. 但是，如果as if ,as though 引导的表语从句所表示的与事实相符，从句则用陈述语气，如： The clouds are gathering. It looks as if is going to rain. 正如以上所说，表语从句放在系动词之后，为了更好地掌握表语从句，我们再来复习一下系动词： 1）状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如： He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。） 2）持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3）表像系动词 用来表示'看起来像'这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 4）感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 5）变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如： He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。 6）终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, trun out, 表达'证实'，'变成'之意，例如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 |
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