 【Xipool 话题表达】 如何表达与陈述 看看他们怎么做 我们一直在尝试不同的学习方法，向别人请教有效学习的捷径，但总是无疾而终。现代教育最不同寻常的特点之一，就是达到目标后便不再回顾，然后，发现终究学无所成。 那么， 本篇内容提出：最有效的也是最笨的方法便是不断重复，重复才是保持记忆的唯一方式。 希望大家有所收获。 TED Talk 重复学习的重要性 来自习途学社 00:00 04:16 One of the most obvious but striking things about a modern education is that you go through it only once. You show up every day for a number of years, get filled up with knowledge and then, once you’re 21 or so, you stop – and you begin the rest of your life. 现代教育最直观也最不同寻常的特点之一，就是你只经历它一次。很多年来你每天都去上学，被知识充实，然后，一旦你到21岁左右，你就停止了学习，开始你接下来的人生。
Before modern education took off, the mightiest educational systems in the world were religions. It was religions that taught us about ethics, purpose and the meaning of life. And one of the interesting aspects of their pedagogy was they were obsessed with repetition. 在现代教育腾飞之前，全世界最强大的教育体系就是宗教。是宗教信仰教给我们伦理观和人生观。他们的教学方法中有趣的一点之一，就是他们非常着迷于重复。
For them, it was absurd to imagine ever learning everything if you went through it only once. The whole basis of religious education rested upon repetition. 对他们来说，只学习一次就能掌握任何知识的想法是荒谬的。宗教教育的整个基础就建立在反复学习的方法之上。
5 times a day, as a Muslin, one was to rehearse the central tenets of Islam; 作为一个穆斯林，他们需要默述 伊斯兰教的核心教义每天5次；
7 times a day as a Christian Benedictine monk, one was to revisit the lessons of scripture. 作为一个基督教本笃会的修道士，他们需要复习 圣经中的内容每天7次。
As a orthodox Jew, 300 days a year were marked out for commemoration and ritual repetition of ideas in the Torah. 作为一个正统 犹太教人，1年中有300天都会被制定成对Torah(犹太律法)进行纪念和仪式性回顾。
While as a Zen priest, one would be inducted to sit cross-legged and meditate up to 12 times between daybreak and nightfall. 作为一个禅师，则会被传授双腿盘坐进行冥想，这样的冥想在黎明和日暮之间最多可进行12次。 Religions had what one might term a sieve view of the minds: that anything one pours in will quickly be lost in our perforated memories. 宗教认为人的大脑就像一个筛子，任何放入其中的东西，都会在我们有孔的记忆里很快消失掉。
By contrast, modern education adheres to an implicitly bucket-like theory of the mind: once made to pour in the contents and, by accidents, they’ll stay there pretty much across a whole life-time. 相反，现代教育坚持人的大脑像是桶装容器的含蓄理论。一旦把放入内容，不经意间，这些内容基本上会终身保留在记忆里。 That’s why we’ll think nothing of earnestly declaring a book to be our favorite, and then deigning to read it only once. 这就是为什么我们不会在乎，郑重地 声称一本书是我们的最爱，之后却只打算读一次。
Far less naively and far more generously, religions prefer to imagine that anything you tell someone in the morning will, by 2 in the afternoon, be well on the way to evaporation and will be pretty much gone by nightfall. 宗教在此事上少了份天真，多了份慷慨。他更愿意相信，你在早上告诉别人的任何事情在下午两点之前，将会在记忆里慢慢开始蒸发，基本在夜幕降临之前就会彻底消失。 Repetition is the only way of ensuring that something will stick. 重复是确保 保持记忆的唯一方式。
Once you’ve finished reading a favorite holy text, the story of Moses for example, you just head straight back to the beginning and start again, with the bull rushes and the baby infant. 一旦你读完了一篇最喜欢的宗教经典，比如摩西的故事，你就直接翻回到开头，以初生牛犊的冲劲和婴儿般的纯净，再次重新开始阅读。
We pay a heavy price for our lack of interest in rehearsing lessons and ideas. There are all kinds of things we badly need to keep in our minds: the better part of our nature that speak to us of being patient, of remaining gentle, of striving for forgiveness, of pausing to appreciate, of straining to understand what at first seems unbearably foreign. 我们因为不喜欢重温经验与思想而付出过于沉重的代价。有很多事情我们非常需要铭记于心—人性中高尚的部分，告诉我们要耐心，要保持温柔，要努力获得谅解，要停下脚步欣赏，要竭力去理解一些看起来难以忍受的陌生事物。
We’ve been taught these things once, of course. But it was a while ago now. Possibly when we were 7. And so, naturally, they’re not at the front of our minds as we can carry through our lives, smashing into things and people. 当然我们都曾被教导过这些内容，但那距离现在已经有一段时间了，可能是我们7岁的时候。所以，自然的，当我们在生活中全速前进，与一些人和事产生冲突时，他们并不会贯彻在每时每刻。 There’s equal, and possibly far greater wisdom to be found in the secular as opposed to the religious sphere, but those who dispense this wisdom are far too hopeful about the functioning of our minds. 俗世中有着相对于宗教领域而言相反的，更加的智慧，但那些传授这些智慧的人，太过于相信我们大脑的工作了。
They choose to tell us just once, possibly in quite a low voice, about all the things that matter; maybe in a beautiful but very dense poem or in quite a slow moving novel we once read fitfully over a summer two decades ago. 他们只告诉我们一次，并可能是用微不足道的音量，来讲述所有重要的事；也许是在一首很美但很晦涩的诗中，又或者是在20年前我们曾断断续续读了一个夏天的一本节奏很慢的小说里。
And then, they expect us to keep all this in mind our whole lives long, and we’re surprised that the march of human craziness goes on unabated. We shouldn’t abandon our most precious insights to the lax guardians of our memories. 然后他们期望我们能一辈子都记住这些内容，我们惊讶地发现人类的疯狂之进行曲一直在不曾衰减地持续着。我们不应该牺牲我们最宝贵的洞察力，让之成为记忆的不严谨的 卫士。 We need to steal the idea of repetition from religions and create our own catechisms, our own midnight prayers, our own cycles of rehearsed knowledge. 我们应该从宗教那里借鉴这种反复学习的方法，来创造我们自己的教义问答，我们自己的午夜祷文，我们自己重复学习知识的周期。
We need to make the most important ideas vivid in our minds on a constant basis. We should never be finished with school. 我们需要持续地让最重要的想法始终鲜活地存活于大脑中，我们永远不能停止学习。 We should daily be re-immersed in the great truths: that we will die, that we must understand ourselves, that we must love, that others are sad rather than mean. 我们应该每天都重新沉浸在以下这些伟大的真知中：我们都会死，我们必须了解自己，我们必须要爱别人，别人只是沮丧而不是刻薄。
Many of us are done with religions; but we shouldn’t ever be done with what religions knew so well about our minds: that nothing stays active in them, unless we rehearse and repeat with every new dawn. 我们中很多人不相信宗教，但是我们不应该不相信宗教对于我们大脑的了解：没有东西能在记忆里永远鲜活，除非我们每个黎明都反复演练。
We need to keep coming back – Not least: here. 我们需要不停地回顾，尤其是这里。
|
|
|
