英语单词的音节及读音规则 1. 音节概念在英语单词中元音特别响亮,一个发音的元音就可以构成一个音节,所以英语单词的音节是以发音的元音来确定的。只有一个发音的元音构成的单词称为单音节词,有两个发音的元音构成的单词称为双音节词,三个以上发音的元音构成的单词称为多音节词。 例: 双音节词:go, he, stand, think, please, take, some, what, glad, smoke, child, taught 双音节词:teacher, brother, Sunday, neighbor, darkness, breakfast, comment , open 多音节词:exercise, holiday, separate, celebrate, institute, opportunity modernization 注:一个单词音节数的多少并不是按组成单词字母的多少来划分的。 2. 单词重音在英语的双音节以上的单词中,有一个或两个读得特别响亮的音节,我们称为重读音节,国际音标上 标有“′”这样的重读符号。一般说来一个单词只有一个重音。 例:Sunday [’sʌndi] begin [bi’ɡin] 3. 开音节开音节一共有两种: 一种叫绝对开音节,即直接以发音的元音字母结尾的单词。 例:go [ɡəʊ], he [hi:], no [nəʊ], we [wi:], who [hu:] 另一种叫做相对开音节,即发音的元音字母后有一个辅音字母(r 除外)再加一个不发音的字母e。 例:make [meik], note [nəʊt], these [ði:z], like [laik], use [ju:z] 4. 闭音节发音的元音字母后面有一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)时,这个元音字母构成的音节叫闭音节。如果单词重音在这个音节上,该闭音节就叫做重读闭音节。 例:bad [bæd], thank [θæŋk], desk [desk], sit [sit], stick [stik], fog [fɒɡ], shop [ʃɒp]; sun [sʌn], must [mʌst] 5. 元音字母在开音节中的一般发音A a [ei], Ee [i:], Ii [ai], Oo [əʊ], Uu [ju:] 例:take [teik], late [leit], he [hi:], theme [θi:m], time [taim], nice [nais], no [nəʊ]; joke [jəʊk], tune [tju:n], cute [kju:t]; 6. 元音字母在重读闭音节中的一般发音A a [æ], Ee [e], Ii [i], Oo [ɒ], Uu [ʌ] 例:lamp [læmp], plan [plæn], well [wel], best [best], mill [mil], wish [wiʃ], hot [hɒt]; drop [drɒp], club [clʌb], but [bʌt] 7. 各元音在开音节和闭音节的读音规则1)A a 开音节中多读 [ei] 字母本身的音。 词例:name, plane, cake, take; 但have中却发 [æ] 重读闭音节中多读 [æ]。 词例:bad, lamp, tank, cat, map a 的前面是辅音[w]时读作[ɒ]。 词例:want, wash, what, quality a 的后面是 ss, st, sp, sk, th, f, n 时常读作[a:]。 词例:class, fast, grasp, ask, bath, staff, dance, command 2) E e 开音节中多读 [i:] 字母本身的音 词例:he, she, be, these 重读闭音节中多读 [e]。词例:pen, yes, well, desk, best 3) I i (y) 开音节中多读 [ai] 字母本身的音 词例:like, time, bike, why, 但give和 live中却发 [i] 重读闭音节中多读 [i]。词例:stick, ship, big, mill 词尾是-nd和 -ld时,i 可读作[ai] 词例:kind, find, child 4) O o 开音节中多读 [əʊ] 字母本身的音 词例:no, home, joke, smoke, joke 但to, do, who, move, shoe中却发 [u:] 重读闭音节中多读 [ɒ]。词例:hot, fog, shop, long, drop 词尾是-st和 -ld时,o 可读作[əʊ] 词例:most, post, bold, cold, 例外both, comb o的后面是 m, n, v, th 时,可读作[ʌ] 词例:son, some, come, one, done, love, glove, mother, brother 5)U u 开音节中多读 [əʊ] 字母本身的音 词例:use, tune, cute, mule u 在辅音字母l, r, j后面时读作[u:] 词例:blue, rule, true, June 重读闭音节中多读 [ʌ] 或[u]。词例:sun, but, club, must, full, put 但truth, busy中却发 [u:] 8. -r 音节-re音节的读音规则ar 常读作[a:] 词例:car, park, large, star; 但war, warm, ward却读[ɔ:] er常读作[з:] 词例:verb, term, serve, stern; ir常读作[з:] 词例:girl, first, shirt, bird or常读作[ɔ:] 词例:horse, short, north, sport; 但word, work, world却读[з:] ur常读作[з:] 词例:burn, nurse, hurt, fur are常读作[eə] 词例:care, dare, stare, rare ere常读作[iə]或[eə] 词例:mere, here, there, were; 但were 却读[з:] ore常读作[ɔ:] 词例:more, wore, sore, store ire常读作[aiə] 词例:fire, tire, hire, mire ure常读作[juə]或[uə] 词例:pure, cure, manure, sure 9. 元音字母组合的读音规则1)a+其它字母 al 常读作[ɔ:] 词例:ball, walk, talk, walk, also, 其后有f 或m 时可读[a:] 例:half, calm, palm au 和augh 常读作[ɔ:] 词例:cause, fault, launch; taught, daughter 例外:laugh [a:] aw常读作[ɔ:] 词例:law, saw, claw, awful ai 和ay常读作[ei] 词例:wait, main; day, play air 和are常读作[eə] 词例:hair, pair, chair; fare, care, dare, stare, share 2)e+其它字母 ea常读作[i:] 或[e] 词例:meat, please, peace, clean; head, dead, lead, bread 例外:great, break读作 [ei] ee常读作[i:] 词例:meet, three, steel, green, tree, street,need ei和 ie常读作[i:] 词例:field, piece, ceiling, receive 有时ei 和ey一样。读作[ei] 词例:eight, neighbor; prey, grey 例外:friend, 读作[e] height读作[ai], review读作 [ju:] ew常读作[ju:] 词例:new, few, dew. ew在辅音字母l, r, j后面读作[u:] 词例:blew, crew, Jew ear常读作[iə] 词例:hear, dear, tear; 有时读[eə] 词例:bear, wear, pear 后面有辅音字母时读作[з:] 词例:learn, pearl, early, earth 例外:heart, 读作[a:] year读作[jə] eer常读作[iə] 词例:deer, cheer, beer, pioneer, engineer 3)o+其它字母 oa常读作[əʊ] 词例:coat, boat, soap, float oi和oy常读作[ɔi] 词例:oil, voice, point; boy, joy oul 常读作[ʊ] 词例:could, would, should oo 常读作[u:] 词例:food, tooth, spoon, school, moon 例外:foot, good, stood, 读作[ʊ] ; blood, flood读作[ʌ] oo 后面是k时读作[ʊ] 词例:book, look, cook, brook oor和 oar 常读作[ɔ:] 词例:door, floor; board, coarse 例外:poor, 读作[uə] ou 常读作[au]或 [ʌ] 词例:loud, house, mouth; young, touch, country, trouble 例外:group, 读作[u:], youth 读作[ju:], soul, 读作[əʊ] ough 常读作[ɔ:] 词例:bouught, fought, thought 例外:though, 读作[əʊ], through 读作[u:] our 常读作[ɔ:] 或 [auə] 词例:four, course, pour; our, hour, sour, flour ow 常读作[au] 或 [əʊ] 词例:now, how, town, down; slow, show, grow, snow owe 或ower 常读作[auə] 词例:towel, vowel; power, flower 4)i+其它字母 ig或igh常读作[ai] 词例:sign, design; sigh, light, night, bright, eight ia, ie或io常读作[aiə] 词例:dialogue, reliable; quiet, science; violet, violence 5)u+其它字母 ui 常读作[ju:] 词例:suit, nuisance ui的前面有辅音字母l, r, j 时,读作[u:] 词例:sluice, fruit, juice 例外:build读作[i] 注:以上都是元音字母、-r音节和元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音规则。在非重读音节中基本上所有都弱化成短元音[ə]。 10.辅音字母在单词中的读音规则1)B e 常读作[b] 或位于词尾不发音。词例:bed, book, bright; comb, lamb, tomb, climb 2)C c 常读作[k], [s] 词例:cold, clean cat; nice, city, decide 有时读作[ʃ] 词例:social, musician, precious 3)D d 常读作[d] 词例:day, desk, add, 动词加-ed 时 -ed 的读法 -ed前是清辅音时([t]除外),读作 [t] 词例:walked [-kt], jumped [-pt], missed [-st], washed [-ʃt] -ed前是浊辅音时([d]除外),读作 [d] 词例:played [-eid], robbed [-bd], closed [-zd], begged [-ɡd] -ed前是 [t] 和 [d] 时, 读作 [id] 词例:wanted [-tid], needed [-did] 4) F f常读作 [f] 词例:five, wife, four, leaf 有时读作[ʃ] 词例:social, musician, precious 个别情况读作[v] 词例:of [ɔv] 或 [əv] 5) G g常读作[ɡ] 词例:girl, game, give, big, ago 有时读作[dӡ] 尤其是在元音字母 e前时此时词尾的ge 读作[dӡ],词例:large, page, college, village 6) H h常读作[h] 词例:hot, house, head, hand h 有时不发音。词例:hour, honor, exhibit, rhyme 7) J j常读作[dӡ] 词例:jam, joke, June, judge 8) K k常读作[k] 词例:cake, week, kite, sky 9) L l常读作[l] 词例:land, milk, belt, school l 有时不发音。词例:walk [wɔk], calm [ka:m] 10) M m常读作[m] 词例:name, meet, mother, come 11) Nn常读作[n] 词例:line, nine, nice n 在辅音音素[k] 和[ɡ] 之前读作[ŋ]。词例:bank, think, uncle, finger, language 12) P p常读作[p] 词例:pen, sleep, spring, picture 13)Q q该字母一般很少单独出现,它常和元音字母 u组成qu字母组合。常读作[kw] 词例:question, quite, queen 14)Rr常读作[r] 词例:road, right, read 其次是构成r音节或re 音节。 15) Ss在词首时常读作[s] 词例:sit, soap, sky s 在两个元音字母间常读作[z] 词例:music, season, prison s 在两个元音字母和不发音的e之间有两种读法 动词常读作[z] 词例:close, lose, raise 名词或形容词词常读作[s] 词例:base, case, close, coarse s 前或后是清辅音时常读作[s] 词例:lamps, looks, waits; list, desk, husband s 在辅音字母t之后常读作[ts] 词例:students, streets s 在辅音字母d之后常读作[ds] 词例:beds, comrades, prides 注s 的读音规则较复杂,还得在具体的学习中去把握。 16) T t常读作[t] 词例:tell, meet, ten, letter 17) V v常读作[v] 词例:voice, love, vote, leave 18) W w常读作[w] 词例:wait, sweet, wall, twin. 有时不发音。词例:sword, answer 19) X x常读作[ks] 词例:box, exercise, text, excellent x后面是元音,而且又是重读音节时,常读作[ɡz] 词例:exam, exist, exact 20) Y y出现在单词开头时常读作[j] 词例:yes, year, yellow 但出现在词尾时可能发[ai] 或[i]的音,词例:satisfy, beautify, country。与元音字母构成组合时可能发元音 [ei] 词例:day, play 21) Z z常读作[z] 词例:zoo, maze, doze, zone 11. 辅音字母组合的读音1)ch, tch 读作[tʃ]词例:child, chart, teach, match, catch, watch ch 有时读作 [k] 词例:school, chemistry, character, stomach 2)ck 常读作[k]词例:neck, black, stick, pocket 3)cc 常读作[k]词例:accept, accident, success; according, accuse 4)ce 常读作[s]词例:nice, accept, rice, piece 5)dge 常读作[dӡ]词例:bridge, judge, lodge 6)gu, gue 常读作[ɡ]词例:guide, league, guess, dialogue 7)ng, 常读作[ŋ]词例:sing, strong, spring, long 8)gh, ph 常读作[f]词例:rough, phrase, cough, enough 但在igh, ough, augh 中gh 不发音,只发元音或元音组合的音。请参见前面 (9. 元音字母组合的读音规则) 9)qu, ph 常读作[kw]词例:quick, quality, quite, question 10)sh 常读作[ʃ]词例:she, fish, shirt, wash 11)ss 常读作[s]词例:miss, lesson, class, assist 12)th 有两种发音。 其一读作[θ] 词例:think, three, bath, method 其二读作[ð] 词例:this, with, weather , feather, mother 13)wh 常读作[w]词例:what, white, whip, where 14)kn 常读作[n]词例:knife, knee, 15)kn 常读作[n]词例:knife, knee, 16)tion, 有两种发音。 其一读作[ʃən] 词例:mention, conversation, modernization 其二读作[tʃən] 词例:question, suggestion 17)sion, 有两种发音。 其一读作[ʃən] 词例:mission, impression 其二读作[ӡən] 词例:decision, television 注:以上提供的仅仅是英语单词读音规则的一般规律,尽管英语单词的读音规则有规律可寻,但不是一劳永逸的事,同学们在掌握和熟悉一般规律的前提下还必须多读单词,并注意读准确。特殊读音得采取特殊记忆的方法。 |
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