形容词和副词一、形容词 1. 形容词的位置 形容词作定语通常放在它所修饰的名词前面,但在下列情况下,形容词可以或必须后置: 1)形容词作定语修饰由some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时须后置。如: We shall do everything necessary to bring the murderer to justice. Is there anyone new coming to tonight's meeting? 2)以-ible和-able结尾的形容词可置于形容词最高级或only等所修饰的名词之后。如: He is doing the best job possible. This was the only room available. 3)一些表语形容词可置于所修饰的名词之后。如: These facts alone show that he's not to be trusted. 4)形容词短语一般须后置,往往相当于定语从句。如: He was a king anxious for his people's welfare. 2. 前置形容词的排列顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时,它们的顺序大致为:描绘性形容词(短词在前,长词在后)→表特征的形容词(包括大小、形状、新旧、年龄等,顺序也大致如此,但不固定)→表颜色的形容词→表类属的形容词(包括专有形容词和表材料质地的形容词)。如: the beautiful little white Chinese bridge a tall intelligent young British officer 二、副词 1. 副词的分类 副词大体上可分为下面几类: 1)时间副词,如before, early, now。 2)地点副词,如everywhere, there, here。 3)方式副词,如quickly, gladly, coldly。 4)程度副词,如almost, partly, much, quite。 5)频度副词,如always, often, rarely。 6)疑问副词,如how, why。 7)连接副词,如why, when, where。 8)关系副词,如when, where。 9)句子副词,如actually, certainly, anyway。 10)使与上文连接更紧密的副词,如therefore, however, besides。 2. 副词的位置 1)修饰形容词、副词、介词短语,以及从句、整句时,副词要放在它们的前面。但副词enough 要放在被修饰的形容词和副词后面。如: The rooms are all large enough to take a third bed. He doesn't work hard enough. 2)频度副词一般放在系动词be之后,行为动词之前;如有情态动词或助动词,则放在这类动词之后。如: He is always late. Scott must have never been to America. 3. 词义有差别的同根副词 有些副词有两种不同的形式,一种与形容词同形,另一种由形容词加后缀-ly构成。二者有时区别不大,但在许多情况下二者是有区别的:前者多用在直接或具体的场合,后者多用在抽象的场合。如: |
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