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The nerves The following nerves of the popliteal fossa and leg: Tibial nerve: This nerve branches off the sciatic nerve and runs down the midline of the popliteal fossa. It has branches that serve the muscles of the posterior compartment before moving down toward the ankle and foot. Common fibular (peroneal) nerve: This nerve branches off the sciatic nerve in the popliteal fossa and runs along the biceps femoris and leaves the fossa to run around the head of the fibula and down the leg to the ankle. Medial sural cutaneous nerve: This nerve branches off the tibial nerve. It joins the sural communicating branch of the common fibular (peroneal) nerve to form the sural nerve, which innervates the skin on the posterior and lateral parts of the leg. Lateral sural cutaneous nerve: This nerve branches off the common fibular (peroneal) nerve to supply skin over the lateral part of the leg. 神经 腘窝和腿的神经: 胫神经: 这条神经从坐骨神经分支出来，沿着腘窝中线向下延伸。它的分支支配后筋膜室的肌肉，然后向下到踝和足。 腓总神经: 这条神经从腘窝的坐骨神经分支出来，沿着股二头肌走行，离开腓总神经窝，绕过腓骨头走行，然后沿着小腿下行到踝。 腓肠内侧皮神经: 这条神经从胫神经分支出来。它与腓总神经的腓肠交通支连接形成腓肠神经，腓肠神经支配着小腿后部和外侧的皮肤。 腓肠外侧皮神经: 这条神经从腓总神经分出，支配小腿外侧的皮肤。 The arteries and veins The arteries that are found in the popliteal fossa provide blood to structures of the knee, and they also take blood down to the ankle and foot. Following are the arteries that run through the popliteal fossa: Popliteal artery: This artery continues from the femoral artery at the adductor hiatus, which is a gap between the adductor magnus muscle of the thigh and the femur. It runs down into the popliteal fossa and divides into the tibial arteries. Genicular arteries: These arteries include the superior lateral, superior medial, middle, inferior lateral, and inferior medial genicular arteries. These arteries form the genicular anastomosis, which is a network of arteries surrounding the knee. Anterior tibial artery: This artery passes into the anterior compartment of the leg and continues to the ankle. It provides blood flow to the structures of the anterior compartment. Posterior tibial artery: This artery runs to the posterior compartment of the leg to provide blood to structures in the posterior and lateral compartments. Fibular artery: This artery branches off the posterior tibial artery and runs down to the posterior compartment of the leg. It also provides blood to the lateral and posterior compartments. Blood that’s finished delivering oxygen and nutrients to the knee, leg, and foot needs to return to the heart, and it does so via veins with corresponding names that accompany the arteries. The popliteal vein is the main vein located in the popliteal fossa. It starts from the posterior tibial vein and travels upward through the popliteal fossa, up into the thigh, and eventually becomes the femoral vein. Following are other veins that serve the knee and leg: Lateral superior genicular vein: Located superior to the lateral condyle of the femur; drains into the popliteal vein Lateral inferior genicular vein: Below the lateral condyle of the tibia; also drains into the popliteal vein Great saphenous vein: A superficial vein that travels from the foot, along the medial side of the knee, and all the way up to the hip Small saphenous vein: A superficial vein that travels along the lateral side of the ankle to the posterior leg and empties into the popliteal vein 动脉和静脉 腘窝的动脉为膝关节提供血液，也将血液输送到踝和足。以下是流经腘窝的动脉: 腘动脉:这条动脉从股动脉延伸至内收肌裂孔，是大腿大收肌和股骨之间的间隙。它向下延伸到腘窝并分成胫动脉。 膝动脉:这些动脉包括膝上外侧动脉、膝上内侧动脉、膝中动脉、膝下外侧动脉和膝下内侧动脉。这些动脉形成膝状动脉吻合网，膝动脉是环绕膝盖的动脉网络。 胫前动脉:这条动脉进入小腿部前筋膜室，并继续延伸至踝关节。它为前筋膜室的结构提供血液供应。 胫后动脉:这条动脉通向小腿的后筋膜室，为后筋膜室和外侧筋膜室的结构提供血液。 腓动脉:这条动脉从胫后动脉分支，向下延伸到小腿的后筋膜室。它还为外侧和后筋膜室提供血液。 将氧气和营养物质输送到膝、腿和足的血液需要返回心脏，这需要通过与动脉相对应的静脉来完成。腘静脉是位于腘窝的主要静脉。它从胫后静脉开始向上经过腘窝，向上进入大腿，最终成为股静脉。以下是膝盖和腿部的其他静脉: 膝外侧上静脉: 位于股骨外侧髁上; 流入腘静脉 膝外侧下静脉: 胫骨外侧髁下;也流入腘静脉 大隐静脉: 从脚开始，沿膝内侧，一直延伸到臀部的浅静脉 小隐静脉: 沿踝关节外侧到后足，流入腘静脉的浅静脉 膝的解剖
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