在英语中,非谓语动词是指在句中不可单独用作谓语,但可以用作其他句子成分的动词。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。 1. a. To stop the work now seems impossible. b. Driving a car during the evening rush hour is tiring.2. a. The problem being discussed now has something to do with you. b. He uses a walking stick to help keep his balance. c. We can see a lot of fallen leaves on the ground. d. The proposal to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one.3. a. Mother warns us not to play in the street. b. I saw the naughty boy beating the dog. c. Speak louder so that you can make yourself heard.一、 动词不定式和动名词可在句中用作主语,例如以上第1组句子。不定式作主语多表示具体的、一次性的动作;动名词作主语多表示经常性的、习惯性的动作。 二、 动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词可在句中用作定语,例如以上第2组句子。在用作定语时,现在分词多表示正在进行的动作;过去分词多表示已完成的动作或被动的意义;动词不定式多表示即将发生的动作。 注意:现在分词作定语与被修饰的词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,表示动作的主动进行;而动名词作定语表示被修饰词的目的、用途等,与被修饰词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。三、 动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词可在句中用作补语,例如以上第3组句子。在用作宾语补语时,不定式与宾语的逻辑关系是主谓关系,表示动作将要发生;现在分词与宾语的逻辑关系是主谓关系,表示动作正在进行,尚未完成;过去分词与宾语的逻辑关系是动宾关系,表示被动意义。
Ⅰ. 单项填空
1. Though I have often heard this song , I have never heard you it. 2. The young man, several attempts to beat the world record in the high jump, decided to have another try. 3. Are you going to the party in the Jade Hotel next Sunday? 4. is a good form of exercise for both the young and the old. 5. — Do you think you could get this parcel for me? 6. Most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting more customers, with little attention to keeping them. 1. It is no use (ask) her. She doesn’t know any more than you do. 2. The bridge (build) next year is very long. 3. Mike wanted to find a (swim) pool near his house. 4. Who was the first one (get) to the top of the hill yesterday? 5. The book (write) long ago is hard for us to understand today. 6. The teacher wanted the material (type) soon. 7. I have seen him (perform) the dance many times. 8. They could only see him (stand) there moving his lips. 9. (come) to Beijing by train from the city takes about three hours.10. I have nothing (say) on this question.Ⅱ. 1. asking 2. to be built 3. swimming 4. to get 5. written 6. to be typed 7. perform 8. standing 9. Coming 10. to say
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