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高考英语语法专题讲与练之谓语与非谓语动词

 唯美素材 2022-11-23 发布于河北

高考英语语法专题讲与练◉专题七  谓语与非谓语动词

一、动词的基本形式一览表

形式

变化规则

构成方法

例词

原形

see, finish, teach, touch

现在时第三人称单数形式

一般情况

-s

look—looks, write—writes

ch, sh, s, x结尾

-es

teach—teaches, finish—finishes, guess—guesses, mix—mixes

o结尾

-es

do—does, go—goes

辅音字母+y”结尾

yi,加-es

try—tries, cry—cries

过去式、过去分词规则变化

一般情况

-ed

stay—stayed, look—looked

以不发音e结尾

直接加-d

decide—decided, hope—hoped

以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母

双写这个辅音字母再加-ed

stop—stopped, admit—admitted

辅音字母+y”结尾

yi,加-ed

carry—carried, try—tried

现在分词

一般情况

-ing

go—going, read—reading

以不发音e结尾

e,再加-ing

have—having, write—writing

以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母

双写这个辅音字母再加-ing

cut—cutting, run—running

二、常用的10种动词时态的构成及其常用时间状语一览表

时态

构成

常用时间状语

一般现在时

动词原形(第三人称单数)

always, usually, often, sometimes, every

一般过去时

动词过去式

yesterday, the day before yesterday, the other day, last…, …ago

一般将来时

will(shall)+动词原形

tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next…, in…day

be going to+动词原形

be about to+动词原形

过去将来时

would+动词原形

多用于间接引语的宾语从句中

现在进行时

am(is, are)+现在分词

now, during these days

过去进行时

was(were)+现在分词

at eight yesterday, at this time yesterday

将来进行时

will(shall)+be+现在分词

at eight tomorrow, at this time tomorrow

现在完成时

have(has)+过去分词

already, just, yet, since, for

过去完成时

had+过去分词

by…, before

现在完成进行时

have(has)+been+现在分词

for…, since…

三、注意以下几种时态的区别

1. 一般过去时和现在完成时

(1) 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态,常和表过去的时间状语连用,即仅谈过去,不谈现在。如:

I wrote a letter this morning. 今天早上我写了一封信。(只说明写过一封信的事实,现在不是早上了)

(2) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或状态,但和现在有联系,可能刚结束,也可能继续下去。不能和表过去的时间状语连用,译成汉语时可加已经。如:

I have written a letter this morning. 今天早上我已经写了一封信。(已经写了一封信,有继续写第二封的可能,现在还是早上)

2. 一般过去时和过去进行时

(1) 一般过去时侧重于说明发生某动作的事实。如:

It rained heavily last night. 昨晚下的雨很大。(强调下雨,并不强调持续时间)

(2) 过去进行时侧重于强调在过去某个特定时间某动作的持续过程或表示动作正在进行。如:

It was raining cats and dogs last night. 昨晚一直在下倾盆大雨。(强调没停,一直持续)

3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时

(1) 现在完成时在含义上着重表示动作的结果。如:

I have read the book. 我已经读了那本书。(已读完)

(2) 现在完成进行时着重表示动作一直在进行,即动作的延续性。如:

I have been reading that book all the morning. 今天早上我一直在读那本书。(还没读完)

动词的语态有两种:主动语态(the active voice)和被动语态(the passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如:

People speak English all over the world. 全世界的人都在讲英语。(the active voice)

English is spoken by people all over the world. (the passive voice)

四、动词的被动语态构成一览表(ask为例)

常用被动语态

构成

常用被动语态

构成

一般现在时

am/is/are asked

现在完成时

have/has been asked

一般过去时

was/were asked

过去完成时

had been asked

一般将来时

will/shall be asked

过去将来时

would/should be asked

现在进行时

am/is/are being asked

过去将来完成时

would/should have been asked

过去进行时

was/were being asked

含有情态动词

can/must/may…be asked

注意事项

被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后面加not;短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中的介、副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动语态时,只需将其后的动词变为被动语态。如:We are not allowed to smoke. 不允许我们抽烟。/ He is often made fun of by his classmates. 他经常被他的同班同学捉弄。/ Newspaper used to be sent here at 10 a.m. 过去报纸常常是上午10点被送到的。

据说类动词,如:It is said/believed/supposed/reported that…, It is generally considered that…, It is well known that…等,及It must be admitted/pointed out that…等结构常以被动形式出现。

以下主动形式常表被动意义:The bike needs/wants/requires repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。/ The film is worth seeing. 这部电影值得看。/ The door won’t shut/open. 这门不能关/开。/ The play won’t act. 这部戏不能演。/ The clothes wash well. 这些衣服很好洗。/ The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。/ The dish tastes delicious. 这份菜尝起来很美味。/ Water feels very cold. 水摸上去很冷。

不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(即多数的瞬间动词)appear, die, disappear, end, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place

不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to

系动词无被动语态(“keep”除外)be, appear, become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn






五、被动语态和系表结构的区别                                                     

1. 被动语态表示以主语为承受者的动作,而系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态。如:

The cup was broken by a boy. 这个杯子是被一个男孩打破的。(被动语态)

The cup is broken. 这杯子是破的。(系表结构)

2. 前者可有多种时态,而后者通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时。如:

My bike is being / will be / was repaired. (被动语态) 我的自行车正在被修理/将被修理/被修理过了。

He is/was interested in his work. (系表结构) 他对他的工作感兴趣。

3. 被动语态可跟by短语,表动作的执行者。如:

The dress was made by my mother. 这件衣服是我妈妈做的。

六、非谓语动词的分类、构成与功能一览表

非谓语形式

构成

特征和作用

时态和语态

否定式

复合结构

不定时

to do,

to be doing,

to have done,

to have been doing

to be done,

to have been done

to、动名词、分词前+not/never

for sb. to do sth.

具有名词、副词和形容词的作用,在句中作主语、定语、表语、宾语、状语、宾补(let, make, see, feel, notice等动词后作宾补时不带to)

分词

现在分词

doing,

having done

being done, having been done

具有副词、形容词的作用,在句中作定语、表语、状语、宾补(常用在see, find, feel, keep, get, have等动词之后)

过去分词

done

动名词

doing,

having done

being done, having been done

sb.’s doing

具有名词的作用,在句中作主语、定语、表语、宾语

七、作宾语的非谓语动词比较

情况

常用动词

只接不定式作宾语的动词或短语

hope, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen

would like, take steps/measures/actions, make up one’s mind, try one’s best, make efforts to

只接动名词作宾语的动词或短语

mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, avoid, risk, resist, consider

feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to, adapt to

意义基本相同

begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue (接不定式多指具体的动作,接动名词多指一般或习惯行为)

need, want, allow, require (接动名词主动形式是表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)

意义相反

stop to do 停止做手中的事,去做另外一件事      stop doing 停止正在做的事

意义不同

remember/forget/regret to do (指动作尚未发生)remember/forget/regret doing (指动作已经发生)

go on to do (接着做另外一件事)

go on doing (接着做同一件事)

try to do (设法;努力去做)

try doing (试着做)

mean to do (打算做;企图做)

mean doing (意思是;意味着)

can’t help (to) do (不能帮忙做)        can’t help doing 忍不住/禁不住要做

八、非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别

类别

常见动词

与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念

例句

不定式

ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage (接带to的不定式)

主谓关系;强调动作将发生或已经完成

I expect them to win the game.

have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make, observe, listen to (接不带to的不定式)

I heard him call me several times.

现在

分词

notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel, observe, catch (即:感官动词和使役动词)

主谓关系;强调动作正在进行,尚未完成

I found her listening to the radio.

过去

分词

动宾关系;动作已经完成,多强调状态

We found the village greatly changed.

九、现在分词和过去分词的用法对比

分类

项目

现在分词

过去分词

例句

意义

表示主动意义

表示被动意义

I can hear him singing.

I can hear the song sung in English.

动作

所表示的动作一般在进行中

所表示的动作已完成

China is a developing country while America is a developed one.

语义

意思为令人……”

意思为感到……”

It is an exciting match, so we are excited.

十、特别提示

1. 关于不定式

(1) 不定式作介词宾语时,如前面有实义动词do(各种形式),则不定式不带to;否则不能省略to。如:

He did nothing all the morning but watch TV. 一早上他啥都没做,就看电视了。

He said nothing but to sleep. 他什么都没说就睡觉了。

(2) 不定式作定语时,如果不定式与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系,且不定式的动词是不及物动词,介词不能省略。如:

I want a small room to live in. 我想住小房间。

I need a nice pen to write with. 我需要一支好用的笔写字。

(3) 不定式作感官动词和部分使役动词(let, make)的宾补,动词不定式不带to,但句子变成被动语态时,要带to。如:

I saw him go into the room. → He was seen to go into the room. 我看见他进了房间。

2. 关于分词

(1) 现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行,不定式作补语表示动作发生的全过程。如:

I saw him walking across the road. (正在穿过马路) 我看到他正在过马路。

I saw him walk across the road. (看到全过程,过了马路了) 我看到他过了马路。

(2) 及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的一般被动式(being done)都有被动意义,前者表示动作完成,后者表示动作正在进行。如:

The picture fixed on the wall was presented by a friend. (已经被订在墙上了) 订在墙上的画是一个朋友送的。

The picture being fixed on the wall was presented by a friend. (正被订在墙上) 正在往墙上订的画是一个朋友送的。

注意:不定式有表将来之意。如:The picture to be fixed on the wall was presented by a friend. (将要被订在墙上) 将要订在墙上的画是一个朋友送的。

(3) 分词的独立主格结构:如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,需用一个独立结构(即保留分词的逻辑主语)或者由一个with/without引导的介词短语表达。如:

Time permitting, we will do another two exercises. 时间允许,我们将再做两个练习。

His work finished, he prepared to go home. = With his work finished, he prepared to go home. 完成工作后他准备回家。

3. 关于动名词

(1) 动名词作定语表所修饰词的用途;而现在分词表动作或状态、特征。

(2) 动名词的复合结构作宾语,动名词的逻辑主语可用宾格代词或不带所有格。但作主语不行。如:

Do you mind me/Tom smoking here? 你介意我/汤姆在这儿吸烟吗?

My/Tom’s smoking here annoyed him. /汤姆在这儿吸烟让他很恼怒。

(3) 动名词作主语还可用于“There be no +动名词结构和布告形式的省略结构中。如:

There is no knowing what he will do next. 不知道他下一步会做什么。

There is no denying the fact that children are more active. 不可否认,小孩子更好动。

考点练透

1.In 1969, the pollution ________ (be) terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio.

2.A small bowl ________ (buy) for $35 at a home in Connecticut turned out to be a rare piece of ancient Chinese art.

3.The books which were written by Zhou Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu, ________ (sell) well.

4.Nervously _______ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.

5.(2022·浙江·高三专题练习)Some classmates suggest we ________ (go) to places of interest nearby.

6.She went on working though________(blame)by the manager.

7.The government has worked out a new regulation __________(aim) at reducing the road accidents.

8.She ________ (persuade) me to join the poetry and lit in me a fire for literature.

9.He told us he _________ (watch) TV instead of doing his homework then.

10.We must________ (strength) the defence works.

11.Not only ______ she been late three times, she has also done no work.

12.Climbing mountains ___(be) really fun.

13.Neither my parents nor my younger sister_______(be) at home today.

14.Only then __________ I understand what she meant.

15.Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ____(recommend)wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit.

16.The young man performed as if he _________ (be) a woman on the stage.

17.The picture quality as well as the special effects________(be )far better.

18.You should keep it in mind that diet __________ (cure) more than the doctor.

19.The little boy __________ (imitate) his father's way of walking.

20.He __________ (apply) himself to the task with diligence all year round in 2009.

21.Up to now, the terrible accident has caused 2 deaths and 35______ , my friend Jim seriously _________as well. I never believe it would________   so many people. (injure)

22.(2020·黑龙江·齐齐哈尔市第十六中学校高三期中)That mistake seriously_____________(danger) the future of the company.

23.Gossip also can have a third effect:it____________(strength)unwritten,unspoken rules about how people should act.

24.He had a car accident and the blood __________(flow) immediately from the cut on his head.

25.They will have you__________(arrest) if you don’t pay taxes, because it is everyone’s duty to pay taxes.

26.Look! The box___________ a number of letters, which___________ those from his students. (contain/include)

27.Bob wrote a poem about the butterfly and he had it ________(polish) before it was published.

28.The teacher told us that the Second World War___________(break)out in 1939.

29.Tom was excited as it was the first time that he ________(fulfil) his potential.

30.I couldn't very well reject ________(assist) the police with their inquiries.

31.(2022·黑龙江·鹤岗一中高三开学考试)If you assume his guess______(be) true, what do you plan to do next?

32.(2022·黑龙江·鹤岗一中高三开学考试)The opening paragraph is mainly intended____ (attract) the readers’ interest in the subject. 

33.(2022·湖南·长沙一中高三开学考试)While regularly eating out seems _________________ (become) common for many young people in recent years, it is not without a cost.

34.(2022·黑龙江·双鸭山一中高三开学考试)Predators have been observed ________ (avoid) attacking brightly coloured species.

35.(2022·黑龙江·双鸭山一中高三开学考试)The more stress you are under, the more likely you are ________ (catch) a cold.

36.(2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨市第六中学校高三阶段练习)He smiled suddenly, ________ (expose) a set of amazingly white teeth.

37.Although __________ (force) to walk away a little out of fear, the bird kept turning around to make sure that he was following.

38.A pitcher needs to throw the ball with one hand and __________ (wear) a baseball glove on the other—something that Jim couldn’t do.

39.You can’t imagine what a hard time she had __________ (raise) the four children.

40.According to a recent survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week __________ (watch) TV.

41.Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time__________ (pass) the exam.

42.No child shall be, unless __________ (accompany) by an adult, allowed out of the school during the day.

43.Anyone, once __________ (test) positive for novel corona-virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.

44.________(work out) the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.

45.While waiting for the opportunity to get________(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.

46.Today there are more airplanes________(carry) more people than ever before in the skies.

47.The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ________(return) to our shop for quality problems.

48.The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ________(recognize).

49.He is thought ________(act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.

50.The best way to success is to stop ________ (regret) for the past or worrying about the future, but to start focusing on what you can do at present.

51.She pretended__________________(read) a novel when I came into the room.

52.The boy pretended__________________(finish) his homework.

53.We mustn’t pretend__________________(know) what we don’t know.

54.__________________(tell) many times, he still repeated the same mistake.

55.As we approached the village,we saw new houses________(build).

56.With the key _________, he had to wait outside the door. (lose)

57.With a lot of difficult problems_________,he can't get home early. (settle)

58.Sport has become an important form of entertainment, ______ (appeal) to both men and women.

59.I don’t envy him ________(visit) the city of Sansha, because I have been there several times.

60.The building________________(repair) now is our library.

61.I appreciated________(give)the chance to study abroad two years ago.

62.I can’t bear_________(laugh at) by them.

63.The bridge_________(build) now will be completed in two weeks.

64._________(give) such a good chance, you might as well make full use of it.

65.Afraid of_________(attack) by sharks, people dare not go swimming in the sea.

66.The road is covered with some fallen tress and they need __________________(remove) immediately.

67.______________(laugh) at in public is a terrible experience.

68.Don’t be angry with me for_________(not invite) to the party.

69.What worried the child most was his________________ (not allow) to visit his mother in the hospital.

70.________________(ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.

71._________(show) around the Water Cube, we were taken to see the Bird's Nest.

72.The little girl was really terrified of_________ (leave) alone in that dark house.

73.The building_________(repair) is our library.

74.They encouraged the_________to_________in the singing performance after the contest. (participate)

75.I prefer____(go) swimming rather than go fishing.

76.It is impossible____(persuade) Peter to change his mind.

77.When we got a call____________(say)she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.

78.On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm, ________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.

79.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required ________(process)the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.

80.It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become __________(educate) about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions....

81.One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait done so he called all great artists to come and __________ (present) their finest work, so that he could choose the best.

82.Yuri Gagarin became the first man ______ (fly) in space.

83.And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats ________(stick) miles from the sea.

84.It encourages us ________(occupy) our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.

85.Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of ________ (vary)weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.

86.However, her children have learned an important lesson ________(witness) their mother earn her degree.

87.But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in __________(adopt) the sport.

88.“We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants ____________ (replace) functions of the things that we use every day, ”explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.

89.Some people tend ____________ (look)down upon disabled people and regard them as unfit for a regular life.

90.He says it’s not easy ________(convince) people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it.

91.____________(inspire) by her new understanding, Emily spent the rest of her year in England taking courses in communications and media studies.

92.As the boy is addicted to ____________(play) computer games, he has lost all interest in his lessons.

93.____________(bury) in the newspaper, he didn’t notice what was happening.

94.Then I saw it—a thin arm ____________(wave) weakly a few yards away.

95.I observed some young students ____________(swim) in the river then.

96.When it comes to ____________(keep) healthy, playing sports enjoys widespread popularity among people.

97.As the small boat moved gently along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently ________ (reflect) in the water.

98.He is in love with music, which enables him ____________ (contact) many famous musicians.   

99.____________(assume) that you can have a second chance, what will you do?

100.So far, about 40 houses have fallen down under the weight of the snow, with 22 people ___________(injure).

参考答案:

1.was【详解】考查动词的时态。句意:1969年,俄亥俄州克利夫兰附近的凯霍加河沿岸污染严重。根据句中时间状语“In 1969”可知,此处描述的是过去发生的事,所以用一般过去时态。故填was。

2.bought【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在康涅狄格州的一个家里花35美元买的一个小碗原来是一件罕见的中国古代艺术品。分析句子结构和句意可知,此句已有谓语turned,所以此空用非谓语作空前名词a small bowl的后置定语,且碗是“被买”,所以用过去分词,表示被动。故填bought。

3.sell【详解】考查动词语态。句意:这些书是由江苏著名作家周梅森写的,卖得很好。提示词在句中作谓语动词,sell用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。句子的主语“The books which were written by Zhou Meisen”是复数,故填sell。                  |

4.facing【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句子结构可知,句子谓语为know,设空处作句子的状语,要用非谓语动词,face与逻辑主语I之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语。故填facing。

5.go##should go

【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:一些同学建议我们应去附近的名胜古迹。根据句子结构和所给动词,谓语动词suggest做“建议”讲时,后接的宾语从句的谓语通常用“(should+)动词原形”,should可省略。故填go或should go。

6.blamed【详解】考查省略句。句意:虽然她被经理责备了,但还在继续工作。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查though引导的让步状语从句的省略结构,省略了从句的主语和be动词,所以完整的从句是though she was blamed by the manager,blame和主语she之间是被动的关系。故填blamed。

7.aimed##aiming【详解】考查分词用法。句意:政府已经制定出了一个目的在于减少道路事故的新规则。动词短语aim at doing sth意为“旨在于做某事”,该短语和a new regulation构成主动关系,可以用现在分词短语aiming at……做定语。形容词短语be aimed at doing与aim at doing sth意义相同。可以使用形容词定语aimed at……做定语。故答案为aimed/aiming。

8.persuaded 【详解】考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“lit in me a fire for literature”可知,此处表述的是过去发生的事情。另外连词and连接了两个并列的谓语动词,所以需要保持时态的一致性。故填persuaded。

9.was watching【详解】考查谓语。句意:他告诉我们他当时在看电视而不是在写作业。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查过去进行时的谓语动词,有时间状语“then”表示强调这个动作当时正在发生。主语是“he”,所以be动词用单数形式was。故填was watching。

10.strengthen【详解】考查及物动词。句意:我们必须加强防御工作。情态动词must后跟动词原形,所给词strength是名词,其动词是strengthen,且是及物动词,后面是名词works作宾语。故填strengthen。

11.has【详解】考查倒装句和助动词。句意:她不但迟到了三次,而且什么工作也没做。not only置于句首,使用部分倒装,空处需填助动词,结合“has also done”可知,此处为现在完成时,主语为she,助动词使用has。故填has。

12.is【详解】考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意:爬山真有趣。非谓语动词(动名词)作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数,根据句意,句子为一般现在时。故填is。

13.is【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:我父母和我妹妹今天都不在家。由句中使用neither ...nor(既不……也不)连接两个主语可知,主谓一致应遵循“就近原则”,即和较近的主语保持一致,就近的主语“my sister”为单数,谓语动词用三单,根据时间状语today(今天)可知,时态为一般现在时,故填is。

14.did【详解】考查倒装及时态。句意:直到那时我才明白她的意思。only+状语位于句首,后部分倒装,把助动词提前。根据从句时态可知,用一般过去时。故填did。

15.recommended【详解】考查时态。句意:我们的主人分享了他们的许多经验,并推荐了美食、购物和参观的好地方。分析句子结构可知,空格前的主语是Our hosts ,该空处是谓语,再根据shared可知,该句是过去发生的事情,该空处应该填recommend的过去时形式recommended。故填recommended。

16.were【详解】考查谓语。句意:那位男人在舞台上表现的好像是一个女人一样。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查“as if”引导的方式状语从句的虚拟语气结构,从句谓语跟主句谓语“performed”是同时发生,要用一般过去式的形式,be动词要用were。故填were。

17.is【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:画质和特效都要好得多。主语后跟as well as…,谓语动词仍然要与主语The picture保持一致,be动词用单数,且句子表达的是一般的状况,所以用一般现在时。故填is。

18.cures【详解】考查时态。句意:你应该记住,饮食治病比看医生更有疗效。由should keep可知时态是一般现在时;cure用作不及物动词时,可用病、伤、恶习作主语,其主动形式含有被动意义;以药物或疗法作主语时,意为“有疗效”,根据主语diet可知此处谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填cures。

19.imitates【详解】考查动词和时态。句意:这个小男孩模仿他父亲走路的样子。此句主语为The little boy,此处是谓语动词,由句意可知时态是一般现在时,因此动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填imitates。

20.applied【详解】考查动词和时态。句意:2009年,他全年都在兢兢业业地工作。此句主语为He,缺少谓语动词,由in 2009可知时态为一般过去时,apply的过去式是applied;短语apply oneself to“致力于…...”。故填applied。

21.     injuries     injured     injure【详解】考查名词、时态和动词。句意:到目前为止,这场可怕的事故已经造成2人死亡,35人受伤,我的朋友吉姆也受了重伤。我不相信它会伤害这么多人。第一个空,作has caused的宾语,用名词,前面有35修饰,用名词复数,所以第一个空填injuries;描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时,在一般过去时中,用动词的过去式,所以第二个空填injured;it would________   so many people.是一个省略了that的宾语从句,第三个空作宾语从句的谓语,情态动词would后,用动词原形,所以第三个空填injure。

22.endangered【详解】考查动词和时态。句意:那个错误严重地危及公司的未来。根据句意可知描述过去的事情用一般过去时态,且副词seriously修饰动词。故填endangered。

【点睛】

23.strengthens【详解】考查实义动词与主谓一致。句意:闲话还有第三个影响:它加强了不成文的,不言而喻的规则,这些规则就是人们应该如何行事。冒号后是对effect的解释,应该是一个结构完整的句子。由冒号前句子可以看出这是陈述一般的事实,应使用一般现在时。冒号后句子缺少谓语,主语为it,所以填动词的第三人称单数形式。“strength(力量)”的动词形式为“strengthen(加强、巩固)”,故填strengthens。

24.flowed【详解】考查时态。句意:他遇到了交通事故,血立刻从头部的伤口处流了出来。根据前半句中“had a car accident”可知,本句讲述的是过去发生的事情,后半句中的并列结构也应该使用一般过去时,故答案为flowed。

25.arrested【详解】考查非谓语动词,句意:如果你不交税,他们会把你逮捕的,因为交税是每个人的义务。本句的谓语为have,此处考查动词短语“have sb+补语”,have的宾语为you,arrest与you之间为动宾关系,应用过去分词arrested,作you的补语。故填arrested。

26.     contains     include【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:看!盒子里有许多信,其中包括他的学生寄来的。分析句子结构可知,两个空在句中都作谓语,应用动词形式;结合句意及前面的look可知,此处表示现在发生的事,是对一般事实的陈述,故应一般现在时;第一空主语为the box,单数形式,故谓语动词用单数形式;第二空作which引导的定语从句的谓语,应根据先行词的单复数确定其形式,先行词为letters,复数形式,故谓语动词用复数形式。故填contains和include。

27.polished【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:鲍勃写了一首关于蝴蝶的诗,在出版前他把它润色了一下。分析句子结构可知,所设空处作宾语补足语,该句使用了“have + 宾语 +宾补”结构,该句中,宾语it与所给提示词polish之间为被动关系,所以应用过去分词作宾补,故填polished。

28.broke【详解】考查动词时态。句意:老师告诉我们第二次世界大战于1939年爆发。break out为固定搭配,意为“爆发”,第二次世界大战发生在过去,用一般过去时。故填broke。

29.had fulfilled【详解】考查时态和固定句型。句意:汤姆很兴奋,因为这是他第一次发挥自己的潜力。根据句意和句子结构,此题考查句型it was the first time that sb had done sth,意为“这是某人第一次做某事”,设空处英语过去完成时态。动词fulfil,意为“实现”,设空处应填had fulfilled。

30.assisting【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我不能拒绝协助警方进行调查。所给词assist,动词,意为“帮助,协助”;此题考查reject doing sth,意为“拒绝做某事”,reject后接动名词,作宾语。故填assisting。

31.to be【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果你假设他的猜测是真的,你下一步打算做什么?assume something to be表示“假设某物是”,用动词不定式作宾补。故填to be。

32.to attract【详解】考查非谓语。句意:开头的一段主要是为了吸引读者对这个主题的兴趣。根据短语be intended to do sth.“打算做某事”可知,空处应填不定式。故填to attract。

33.to have become【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:虽然近年来,经常下馆子似乎已经成为许多年轻人的普遍现象,但这并不是没有成本的。seem to do似乎做,此处非谓语表示的动作明显发生在谓语seem之前,所以用不定式的完成式作宾语。故填to have become。

34.to avoid【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:据观察发现,捕食性动物会避免袭击色彩鲜艳的物种。observe sb. do sth.观察某人做某事,为省to的不定式结构,其被动语态要加上to。故填to avoid。

35.to catch【详解】考查不定式。句意:你的压力越大,你就越可能感冒。此处考查固定搭配be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”,空处应填不定式。故填to catch。

36.exposing【详解】考查现在分词。句意:他突然笑了,露出了一口白得惊人的牙齿。本句已有谓语,空处用非谓语;主语与expose之间是主动关系,用现在分词作伴随状语;故填exposing。

37.forced【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管由于害怕,这只鸟被迫走开了一点,但它还是不停地转过身来,以确保他正跟着。分析句子可知,空格处为非谓语,动词force和主语the bird之间是被动关系,故用其过去分词,作状语;用于连词Although之后,相当于it was forced,(此处it was可省略)。故填forced。

38.wear【详解】考查动词不定式省略。句意:投手需要一只手投球,另一只手戴棒球手套,这是吉姆做不到的。此空和and前动词不定式to throw并列,应该用动词不定式,且并列的两个动词不定式,第二个动词不定式中的to可省略。故填wear。

39.raising【详解】考查动名词。句意:你无法想象她抚养四个孩子有多辛苦。分析句子可知,“she had       (raise) the four children.”是定语从句,“what a hard time”作had的宾语,have a hard time (in) doing“做某事有困难”,介词in可以省略,故用动名词作宾语。故答案是raising。

40.watching【详解】考查动名词。句意:根据最近的一项调查,孩子们每周看电视的时间高达25小时。根据上文的spend可知,此处用用固定短语spend time (in) doing sth表示“花费时间做某事”符合语境,所以空处应该用提示词的动名词形式作宾语。故填watching。

41.passing【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:由于卧病在床近一个月,他在通过考试上过的很困难。固定搭配have a hard time (in) doing表示“做某事有困难”的意思,介词in可以省略,后面跟动名词做宾语。故答案是passing。

42.accompanied【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:除非由父母陪同,否则孩子一律不允许在白天外出。动词accompany与句子主语构成逻辑上被动关系,故用过去分词作状语;也可以理解为状语从句的省略,如果主从句主语一致,从句中含有be动词的形式,可以省略从句的主语和be动词,还原状语从句是:unless he is accompanied,省略he is,保留过分词accompanied。故填accompanied。

43.tested【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:任何人只要被检测出新冠病毒呈阳性,都将享受政府免费医疗。本句谓语为receive,且无连词,故所给动词应为非谓语动词,动词test与句子主语anyone构成逻辑上被动关系,故用过去分词作状语。故填tested。

44.To work out【详解】本题考查非谓语动词。句意:为了解决这道数学难题,我已经咨询Russell教授好多次了。根据句意以及前后语意逻辑关系可知,此处应该是“为了算出”那道数学难题,用动词不定式表目的。故答案为To work out。

45.promoted【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:亨利在等待升职机会的同时,在尽力做好自己的本职工作。主语Henry与promote之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应使用被动语态。此处为get型被动语态,为“get+过去分词”。故答案为promoted。

46.carrying【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:和过去相比,现在空中的飞机数量多了,飞机的载客量也更大了。分析句子结构可知,此处是非谓语动词作定语修饰airplanes,且carry为airplanes主动发出的动作,故应用动词­ing形式carrying。故填carrying。

47.returned【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:生产商定期来收回那些因为质量问题而被退回到我们商店的照相机。cameras与return之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语,表示被动和完成的动作。故填returned。

48.being recognized【详解】本题考查非谓语动词。句意:那位影星戴着墨镜,因此他可以在没人认出的情况下购物了。without为介词,后面接动名词形式;the film star与recognize之间存在被动关系,故用动名词的被动式,即“being done”结构。故答案为being recognized。

49.to have acted【详解】考查不定式作补语。句意:他被认为做了愚蠢的事。现在对于失去工作这件事,他只能怪自己。be thought to do sth. 表示“被认为做了某事”;由句意可知,act的动作发生在think之前。故填to have acted。

50.regretting【详解】考查动词形式。句意:成功的最好方法是停止对过去的遗憾或对未来的担忧,而是开始关注你现在能做什么。表示“停止正在做的事”是stop doing sth. regret要双写t加-ing,故填regretting.

51.to be reading【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当我进入房间时她假装在读小说。表示“假装正在做某事”是pretend to be doing sth.,be doing表示正在进行,故填to be reading。

52.to have finished【详解】考查不定式。句意:男孩假装已经完成了作业。由“his homework”可知,句子表示“男孩假装已经完成了作业”,表示“假装已经做完某事”是pretend to have done sth.,have done表示完成,故填to have finished。

53.to know【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们一定不要不懂装懂。短语pretend to do sth.表示“假装做某事”。故填to know。

54.Having been told【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管被告诉了很多次,他仍旧犯同样的错误。he与tell之间是被动关系, 而tell 发生在repeated之前,所以用现在分词完成被动式作状语,句首单词注意首字母大写,故填Having been told。

55.being built【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当我们走近村子时,我们看见正在盖新房。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词saw,设空处只能填非谓语动词形式,其逻辑主语为new houses,二者之间为被动关系,且与谓语动词动作同时发生,应用being done。故填being built。

56.lost【详解】考查过去分词。句意:钥匙丢了,他只好在门外等。分析句子结构可知,此处考查了with的复合结构,其构成为:with+n+非谓语动词;key与lose之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,用过去分词表示被动。故填lost。

57.to settle【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:由于有许多难题需要解决,他无法早回家。此处是with的复合结构,其构成为:with+n+非谓语动词;根据句意可知此处用不定式表示将要发生的事情,所以空处需用动词不定式。故填to settle。

58.appealing【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:体育运动已经成为一种重要的娱乐形式,吸引了男性和女性。此处是现在分词作自然的结果状语,故答案为appealing。   

59.visiting【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:我不羡慕他参观三沙市,因为我去过那里好几次了。envy sb. doing sth.表示“羡慕某人做某事”,故填visiting。

60.being repaired【详解】句意:正在修葺的那座楼是我们的图书馆。building与repair之间是被动关系,now表明动作正在进行,应该用现在分词的被动式作后置定语,故填being repaired。

61.having been given【详解】句意:我非常感激两年前给了我出国留学的机会。appreciate 后接动名词作宾语,I与give之间是被动关系,而且动作是两年前发生的,先于appreciated,故填having been given。

62.being laughed at【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我不能容忍被他们嘲笑。bear后接动名词作宾语,I与laugh at之间是被动关系,故填being laughed at。

63.being built【详解】考查现在分词。句意:正在修建的那座桥将在两周内完工。bridge与build之间是被动关系,now表明动作正在进行,故用being built做后置定语。故填being built。

64.Having been given【详解】句意:既然给你这么好的机会,你不妨充分利用它。you 与give之间是被动关系,而且give发生在make full use of之前,所以用现在分词被动完成式作状语,故填Having been given。

65.being attacked【详解】句意:由于害怕被鲨鱼袭击,人们不敢在海里游泳。Afraid of后接动名词作宾语,people与attack之间是被动关系,故填being attacked。

66.removing/to be removed【详解】句意:这条路被一些倒下来的树覆盖着,它们需要马上搬走。need doing和need to be done都表示“需要被……”,故填removing/to be removed。

67.Being laughed【详解】句意:在公共场合被嘲笑是一种可怕的经历。作主语用动名词,而且表示“被嘲笑”,故填Being laughed。

68.not being invited【详解】句意:不要因为我没有被邀请参加聚会而生我的气。介词for后接动名词作宾语,me与invite之间是被动关系,动名词的否定形式是not+动名词,故填not being invited。

69.not being allowed【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这个孩子最担心的是不让他去医院探望妈妈。分析句子结构可知此处用动名词作表语,逻辑主语child与allow是被动关系,所以用动名词的被动式,动名词的否定形式是not+动名词,故填not being allowed。

70.Having been asked【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于那天晚上被要求加班,我错过了一部精彩的电影。ask与I之间是被动关系,而且发生在missed之前,所以用现在分词被动完成式作状语,故填Having been asked。

71.Having been shown【详解】考查现在分词。句意:在参观了水立方之后,我们被带去参观了鸟巢。设空处为非谓语,用现在分词作状语,we与show之间是被动关系,而且show发生在were taken to see之前,故填Having been shown。

72.being left【详解】考查非谓语。句意:那个小女孩真的很害怕把她独自留在黑暗的房子里。terrified of后接动名词作宾语,girl与leave之间是被动关系,故填being left。

73.being repaired【详解】句意:正在修葺的那座楼是我们的图书馆。building与repair之间是被动关系,语境表明动作正在进行,应该用现在分词的被动式作后置定语,故填being repaired。

74.     participants     participate【详解】考查名词和动词。句意:他们鼓励参赛者在比赛后参加歌唱表演。第一空用名词作宾语,用复数表泛指,故填participants,第二空participate in表示“参加”,上文为encourage sb. to do sth.。故填participate。

75.to go【详解】句意:我宁愿去游泳也不愿去钓鱼。prefer to do rather than do表示“宁愿……也不愿……”,故填to go。

76.to persuade【详解】句意:说服Peter改变主意是不可能的。It is+adj+to do表示“做某事是……的”,故填to persuade。

77.saying【详解】考查现在分词。句意:当我们接到电话说她入围了,我们以为是个玩笑。本句已有主语,say用非谓语,call与say之间是主动关系,用say的现在分词形式表主动,作后置定语,故填saying。

78.listening【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在我们为期一周的逗留的最后一天,我们被邀请到一个美丽的农场参加一场私人音乐会,聆听音乐家的演奏,并会见有趣的当地人。分析句子结构,空处与meeting并列,作非谓语动词,listen与逻辑主语we之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式作状语。故填listening。

79.to process【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:脂肪和盐是饮食中非常重要的部分。它们需要处理我们所吃的食物、从受伤中恢复以及执行其他一些身体功能。“be required to do sth.”意为“被要求做某事”,根据上文“They are required ”可知,设空处需用动词不定式做主语补足语。故填to process。

80.educated【详解】考查过去分词。句意:它与传统旅游不同,因为它可以让旅行者了解当地——从地理条件上……educate和traveler之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作表语。故填educated。

81.present【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:一天,皇帝想为自己画像,就把所有伟大的艺术家都叫来,把他们最好的作品送给皇帝,这样他就可以挑选最好的。present“赠送”,动词词性,与and前的to come是并列成分,省略不定式符号to,作宾语补足语。故填present。

82.to fly【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:尤里·加加林成为第一个在太空飞行的人。分析句子结构空处应填非谓语动词的形式,空前的名词man被序数词the first修饰,此时应用不定式作后置定语。故填to fly。

83.stuck【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦,他对沙尘暴、疾病和被困在海上数英里的渔船感到难过。分析句子可知,is saddened是谓语,空处与谓语动词之间无连词连接,故空处应填动词的非谓语形式作后置定语,空处与前文的逻辑主语fishing boats之间是被动关系,此处意为“被困住”,故空处应用过去分词作后置定语。故填stuck。

84.to occupy【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:它鼓励我们占据自己的小角落,避免愚蠢地跳入黑暗,获得满足。encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事,固定搭配,所以空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to occupy。

85.varying【详解】考查现在分词。句意:当伽利略把不同重量的物体从比萨斜塔上扔下来,并计算它们落地的时间的时候,他不仅仅是雄心勃勃。分析句子可知,空处应填现在分词varying,作定语修饰名词weights,表示“可变化的”,也就是说本来是一个东西,但是没有固定参数,这里是指不同参数下的重量。而形容词various表示“各种各样的,具有不同特征的”,不符合句意。故填varying。

86.witnessing【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,她的孩子们从目睹母亲获得学位中学到了重要的一课。分析句子结构可知witness在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语children构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填witnessing。

87.adopting【详解】考查非谓语。句意:但这项运动的奇怪形式确实给脚踝和髋部带来了相当大的压力,因此有过此类损伤病史的人在接受这项运动时可能需要谨慎。分析句子可知,介词in后面动词应用动名词结构形式。故填adopting。

88.to replace【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:“我们正在考虑如何设计植物来取代我们日常使用的东西的功能,”麻省理工学院化学工程教授迈克尔·斯特拉诺解释说。replace在句中作目的状语,应用不定式。故填to replace。

89.to look【详解】考查非谓语。句意:有些人往往看不起残疾人,认为他们不适合正常生活。分析句子可知,这里考查 tend to do表“倾向于做”,为固定搭配。故填to look。

90.to convince【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他说要让人们相信海狸鼠皮是绿色的并不容易,但他对此毫无疑问。分析句子可知says之后是一个省略了引导词的宾语从句,其中it作形式主语,动词不定式是真正的主语。故填to convince。

91.Inspired【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在新认识的启发下,艾米丽在英国学习了传播学和媒体学。be inspired by受到……的启发,在句中作状语,所以用过去分词作状语。故填Inspired。

92.playing【详解】考查动名词。句意:由于这个男孩沉迷于玩电脑游戏,他对学习失去了兴趣。“be addicted to doing”是固定短语,意为“沉迷于做某事”,因此空格处用动名词作宾语,故填playing。

93.Buried【详解】考查过去分词。句意:埋头于报纸里,他没有注意到发生了什么。be buried in (埋头于、专心于),无连词,该空用作非谓语动词,用过去分词buried作状语,首字母大写。故填Buried。

94.waving【详解】考查现在分词。句意:然后我看到了它——一只瘦弱的手臂,在几码远的地方无力地摆动着。本句已有谓语saw且无连词,动词wave用非谓语形式,宾语it—a thin arm和非谓语动词wave是主动关系,wave用现在分词表正在进行,作宾补。故填waving。

95.swimming【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当时我看到一些年轻学生在河里游泳。结合短语observe sb. doing sth.,意为“看见某人正在干某事”,可知用现在分词swimming作宾语补足语。故填swimming。

96.keeping【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:说到保持健康,体育运动在人们中广受欢迎。短语when it comes to,意为“当涉及到,谈到,说到”,其中to是介词,后接keep的动名词keeping作宾语。故填keeping。

97.reflected【详解】考查过去分词。句意:当小船轻轻地沿着河流行驶时,他被静静地倒映在水中的群山弄得哑口无言。分析可知空处应填非谓语动词和being构成后置定语,修饰名词mountains,reflect和逻辑主语mountains之间为被动关系,应用过去分词。故填reflected。

98.to contact【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他热爱音乐,这使他能够接触到许多著名的音乐家。此处为短语enable sb. to do sth.表示“使某人能够……”。故填to contact。

99.Assuming【详解】考查现在分词。句意:假如你有第二次机会,你会怎么做?分析可知,句中谓语是“will you do”,空格处用非谓语动词,you和assume之间是主谓关系,因此空格处用现在分词表主动,位于句首,首字母大写,故填Assuming。

100.injured【详解】考查形容词。句意:到目前为止,大约有40座房屋在大雪的重压下倒塌,22人受伤。分析句子可知,后半句with的复合结构作伴随状语,people与动词injure为动宾关系,所以此处应用injure的过去分词。

独立主格结构100题

1.All the factors ________ (consider), the planned trip will have to be called off.

2.The lecture________(give), a lively question­and­answer session followed.

3.________ (judge)by her letter, she's really enjoying her summer holiday in Thailand.

4.Time ________(permit), we’re going to visit you tomorrow.

5.We’ll start tomorrow, weather ______________(permit).

6.Jack sat on the end of the table, one leg____________(swing).

7.The child _________(behave)badly, the parents should take responsibility in this case.

8.All the audience _________ (applaud) me, I felt so confident and grateful.

9.All things __________(take) into account, your article is of greater value than his.

10.It _________ (be) Sunday, the street is very busy.

11.Face _________ (cover) in sweat, the farmer was walking through the field, carefully checking his crops.

12.He stared at the result of his math exam, his mouth wide open and his smile ________ (freeze).

13.A house _______________(build), we must save every cent.

14.The boy ___________(lead) the way, we had no trouble finding the hidden cave.

15.Everyone ___________(be) ready, the teacher began his class.

16.______________(judge) from her accent, I could tell that she was from the south.

17.It is so wet that the trees are extremely tall, many a tree _________ (measure) over 90 meters.

18.Our homework ________(do), we went home.

19.Tommy__________(charge) his neighbor 100$ for breaking his cup, his father criticized him for his wild behavior.

20.Much time ________(spend) sitting at a desk, many office workers are troubled by health problems.

21.When I passed this afternoon, I saw a little boy lying on the grass, his hands _____(cross) under his head.

22.There are lots of students standing in front of the Tian’anmen Square, each________(carry) a national flag.

23.Time ______ (permit), the students present can raise questions and communicate their views with the lecturer.

24.The thief fell to the ground, his left foot ________(break) and blood ________( run) down from his mouth.

25.They closed the door,there ________ (be)no customers.

26.The lecture _________(give),a lively question-and-answer session followed yesterday.

27.In the distance, elephants were eating grass, ears __________(flap) lazily as they moved slowly over the plains.

28.Up to now, more than 360 acupuncture points have been identified, each ________(link)to a different part of the body.

29.His homework ________(finish), he went out to play with other kids happily.

30.You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some________(plan), but most unplanned.

31.He stood by the piano, eyes________(close), listening for the first time to his own work being played by someone else.

32.The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons________(finish) for the day.

33.The last guest ________ (arrive), our party was started.

34.I carefully poured the liquid into the water, my classmates ________(stand) anxiously beside me to see what would happen.

35.“Without being disturbed, you can sit for a long time and have a cup of coffee, and chat, nobody ________(disturb)you here,” said a girl.

36.He was listening attentively in class, his eyes_________ (fix)on the blackboard.

37.They will send you the coat for ¥599, postage ________(include).

38.Tom was on his feet now, his body ________(tremble) with anger.

39.She walked along the path, her son ________(follow) close behind.

40.His mother ________(be)ill, he stayed at home to look after her.

41.The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的), an aging writer ________(look) back on an ambitious yet simpler time.

42.No one ________(wake)me up, I might be late for the first class.

43.He sat at the edge of the bed, his eyes ________(fix)on the letter in his hand.

44.Many things ________(settle), the manager looks worried.

45.Her dinner________ (eat) alone, Mary walked straight into the library.  

46.Captain Nemo walked in front, one of his men ________(follow) some steps behind.

47.Time ________(permit), I may go hiking with my friends.

48.The trees in the forest are unbelievably tall, some ________ (measure) more than 90 meters.

49.A group of children_______(make) a lot of noise around, I found it hard to focus on the job.

50.With eyes no longer __________(fix) on the phones, we had a chance to really enjoy each other’s company.

51.Montreal is the second largest French-speaking city in the world, Paris ________(be)the largest.

52.______ (take) everything into consideration the result is better than expected.

53.More time __________ (give), we can finish the work.

54.His heart racing, and tears ________(fill) his eyes, Jack carefully unlocked the box.

55.All things ________(consider), the planned trip to the base the day after tomorrow will have to be called off.

56.He stood in shame, his head down and eyes ________ (lower)

57.________ the TV turned on, I can't concentrate on what I'm reading.

58.Her head ________ (hold) high, she went by.

59.Nobody ________(feel) satisfied with the new table, it was removed soon.

60.He sat there, his arms __________(cross) in front of his chest.

61.She walked along the path, her daughter __________(follow) close behind.

62.Autumn________(come), it gets colder and colder.

63.It ______(be) Sunday, many people go to the gymnasium to work out.

64.Gleebeck seemed pleased by the results, his little face ________ (split) open in a wide grin.

65.There were hundreds of guests in the wedding ceremony, all ________ (dress) up in formal, colourful clothes.

66.With eyes no longer ________ (fix) on our phones, we can really enjoy each other’s company.

67.A full moon ________ (bathe) the countryside in a silver night, people fell into a sound sleep.

68.The work ________ (finish), they left the office and went home.

69.The train ________ (go), we had to wait for another one.

70.The guests _______(leave), he began to relieve himself from serving others and took a rest.

71.Present at the meeting were hundreds of guests, all ________ (dress)in formal suits.

72.Mother ________ (sit) next to Max, he felt safe.

73.With winter________(approach), the weather is becoming colder and colder.

74.His attention _________ (fix) on the game on his smartphone, the student didn’t notice his teacher standing behind him.

75.Her glasses ____________ (break), she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard.

76.There ______(be) no buses, we had to walk there.

77.And he started to race towards me; arms ________ (outstretch) making a kind of wailing, screaming noise.

78.Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ________ (have) a lifespan of around 20 years.

79.Spring ____ (come), the field is full of life.

80.An important exam ________ (take) tomorrow, I have to review my textbook carefully tonight.

81.The quidditch scenes in the Harry Porter films were made in this way with the actors________ (jump)up and down.

82.He faced a total of seven charges,all_________(accuse) him of lying in his testimony(证词).

83.Every factor ________ (consider), the latter method is more practical.

84.No agreement ____________ (reach), the representatives of multinational corporations wanted another round of talk.

85.You’d better increase exposure to different words, many of them easily _______ (add) to your vocabulary.

86.His attention ________ (concentrate)on what he was doing, he didn’t notice that his bike had been stolen.

87.Much to their delight, their new project ______(approve) at the conference, the excited scholars decided to have a barbecue to celebrate the fantastic moment.

88.With the exam _________ (come) near, she feltanxious.

89.The moon rose elegantly from the valley, the whole mountain____________(bathe)itself in mysterious moonlight.

90.With a lot of homework ___________ (do), I decided not to watch the performance with you.

91.To finish the task, we made every effort, each man _________ (work) like two.

92.With more and more farmers___________(rush) into city, their children’s education is a problem.

93.The murderer was brought in with his hands_________(tie) behind his back.

94.________(judge) from the way he laughed, he must be humorous.

95The party will be held in the garden, weather ________(permit).

96.Time ________(permit), I’ll arrange for you to meet Professor Li before you leave for Japan.

97.________(judge) from the happy look on her face, she must have shown the news that her son had been admitted to Beijing University.

98.Tom looked at Jenny, tears _______(fill)his eyes, and shouted out the words_________(hide)in his heart for years.

99.It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some__________(measure) over metres.

100.It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall,some __________(measure)over 90 metres.

参考答案:

1considered

【详解】考查独立主格。句意:考虑到所有的因素,计划中的旅行将不得不取消。此处为独立柱格结构,considerAll things为动宾关系,应使用过去分词。故填considered

2having been given

【详解】本题考查独立主格结构的用法。句意:演讲结束后,气氛热烈的问答环节随之而来。由短语give a lecture可知,the lecturegive是被动关系。由a...session followed可知,作演讲的动作已经结束,故用having been done构成独立主格结构。所以答案为having been given

3Judging

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:从她的来信来看,她真的很享受在泰国的暑假。judging by/from 是现在分词作状语,表示根据……来判断这是固定用法 。位于句首,首字母大写。故填Judging

4permitting

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:如果时间允许的话,我们明天会去拜访你。根据句子成分分析,横线上是非谓语动词,和逻辑主语time之间是主动关系,要用现在分词形式permitting,构成独立主格结构。故填permitting

5permitting

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:天气允许的话,我们明天出发。分析句子结构可知,此处为独立主格结构,名词+分词,且weatherpermit之间关系为主动,所以应填permitting,故填permitting

6swinging

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:杰克坐在桌子的一端,一条腿摆动着。分析句子结构可知,“one leg         ”为独立主格结构,在句中作状语。动词swing和其逻辑主语one leg之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词。故填swinging

7behaving

【详解】考查独立主格。句意:孩子表现不好,这种情况下父母应该承担责任。分析句子可知,childmeasure的逻辑主语,且是主动的关系,因此需使用现在分词,为独立主格结构。故填behaving

8applauding

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:全体观众为我鼓掌,我感到无比自信和感激。All the audienceI是不同的逻辑主语,且该句主系表结构为I felt so confident and grateful,则All the audience           (applaud) me属于独立主格结构。因为All the audienceapplaud是逻辑上的主谓关系,属于设空处应用现在分词applauding表主动。故填applauding

9taken

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:综合考虑,你的文章比他的文章更有价值。分析句子结构可知,All thingsyour article是不同的两个逻辑主语,且your article is of greater value than his是完整的句子,所以All things          (take) into account是独立主格结构,充当该句的原因状语,thingstake into account是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以此次take应用过去分词表被动。故填taken

10being

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:今天是星期天,街上很繁忙。分析句子结构,逗号后是句子主干,中间没有连词连接,所以空处作非谓语动词,与逻辑主语It之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式,与It构成独立主格结构。故填being

11covered

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:这位农民满脸大汗,正穿过田野,仔细检查庄稼。分析句子结构,was walking是句子谓语,空处作非谓语动词,与空前的face构成独立主语结构,coverface之间是被动关系,应用过去分词形式。故填covered

12freezing

【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。句意:他盯着数学考试的结果,嘴巴张得大大的,笑容僵住了。分析句子结构可知and his smile ________ his mouth wide open同为独立主格结构,空处应填非谓语的形式,smilefreeze之间为主谓关系,需用现在分词表主动,freeze vi.“(因害怕等)停住不动;惊呆;吓呆,其现在分词为freezing,故答案为freezing

13to be built

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:一座房子要建造,我们必须节约每一分钱。分析句子结构可知,逗号前后没有连词,这说明前后不存在从属关系,应为独立主格结构,a housebuild是逻辑动宾关系,应使用过去分词,但又因句子描述的事情还没有发生,所以应使用不定式的被动语态表将来。故填to be built

14leading

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:那个男孩领着路,我们毫不费力地找到了隐蔽的山洞。分析句子结构可知,逗号前后没有连词,这说明前后不存在从属关系,应为独立主格结构,the boylead是逻辑主谓关系,应使用现在分词表主动。故填leading

15being

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:大家都准备好了,老师开始上课。分析句子结构可知,逗号前后没有连词,这说明前后不存在从属关系,应为独立主格结构,everyonebe是逻辑主谓关系,应使用现在分词表主动。故填being

16Judging

【详解】考查独立主格。句意:从她的口音判断,我可以断定她是南方人。固定搭配judging from (……判断),为独立主格结构,首字母大写。故填Judging

17measuring

【详解】考查独立主格。句意:由于天气潮湿,这些树都长得很高,许多树的高度超过90米。本句为独立主格结构,many a treemeasure之间是主动关系,故填measuring

18done

【详解】考查独立主格。句意:做完作业,我们就回家了。此处用逗号与主句分开,但与主句之间没有任何连接词,为独立主格结构,dohomework构成被动关系,应用过去分词。故填done

19having charged

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:Tommy因为邻居打碎了他的杯子而向他收取100美元的费用,他的父亲批评了他的野蛮行为。分析句子可知,此处是独立主格结构,chargeTommy是逻辑主谓关系,应用现在分词;事情已经发生并产生了影响,应用现在分词的完成式。故填having charged

20spent

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于长时间坐在办公桌前,许多办公室职员都受到了健康问题的困扰。分析句子可知,spendMuch time之间是逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,构成独立主格结构。故填spent

21crossed

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:今天下午路过的时候,我看到一个小男孩躺在草地上,双手交叉放在头下。分析句子结构可知,“his hands______(cross) under his head”是独立主格结构,所以空处应用非谓语动词,his hands和动词cross(交叉)二者之间是被动关系,所以应用cross的过去分词形式,故填crossed

22carrying

【详解】考查独立主格和现在分词。句意:有许多学生站在天安门广场前,每个人都举着一面国旗。分析句子可知,“each    (carry) a national flag”是独立主格结构作伴随状语,eachcarry之间是主动关系,需用现在分词形式。故填carrying

23permitting

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:如果时间允许,在场的学生可以提出问题,并与讲师交流自己的观点。分析句子结构可知,此处是独立主格结构,permittime是逻辑主谓关系,应用现在分词,表主动。故填permitting

24     broken     running

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:小偷摔倒在地,左脚骨折,鲜血从嘴里流下来。分析句子结构可知,“his left foot ________(break) and blood ________( run) down from his mouth”这一部分构成的是独立主各结构,做的伴随状语。his left footbreak之间为被动关系,所以要用过去分词,而his bloodrun之间为主动关系,所以要用现在分词。故填①broken②running

25being

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:因为没有顾客,他们关门了。分析句子结构可知,句子的主语是they,谓语是closedthere being相当于一个独立主格结构,可在句子中用做状语,表示原因等。故填being

26having been given

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:昨天讲座结束后,又进行了一次生动的问答环节。分析句子可知句子谓语动词是followed,空格处填入非谓语动词,The lecture give之间是被动关系,且give这个动作发生在谓语动词followed之前,用现在分词的完成被动式,和逻辑主语The lecture构成独立主格结构。故填having been given

27flapping

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:远处,大象正在吃草,耳朵懒洋洋地拍打着,慢慢地在平原上移动。分析句子可知,这里是名词+分词的独立主格结构,在句中作伴随状语,f1ap与其逻辑主语ears之间是主动关系,应用现在分词表主动和同时发生。故填flapping

28linked

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:到目前为止,已经确定了360多个穴位,每个穴位都与身体的不同部位相连。be linked to连接,主句已有谓语动词,所以这里用非谓语动词形式。与代词each之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词形式。根据句意,故填linked

29finished

【详解】考查过去分词和独立主格结构。句意:他的作业做完了,他出去和其他孩子玩得很开心。空格处是独立主格结构,homeworkfinish之间是被动关系,因此空格处用过去分词,表被动。故填finished

30planned

【详解】考查独立主格。句意:你肯定需要克服一些困难,有些是计划内的,但大多数是计划外的。分词可知,此处应填非谓语动词和some构成独立主格,some指代上文的difficulties,与plan之间为逻辑被动关系,应用过去分词。故填planned

【点睛】

31closed

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:他站在钢琴边,眼睛闭着,第一次听他的作品被其他人演奏。空格处是状语,表达:眼睛闭着,表被动,要用过去分词closed,构成名词+过去分词形式的独立主格结构。故填closed

32finished

【详解】考查独立主格。句意:孩子们从文法学校回家,一天的课都上完了。此处用逗号与主句分开,与主句之间没有使用任何连接词,为独立主格结构,lessonsfinish构成被动关系。故填finished

33to arrive

【详解】考查独立主格。句意:最后一位客人到达后,我们的聚会开始了。本句已有谓语was started且无连词,此处用名词+非谓语动词构成独立主格结构,由句意可知,最后一位客人还未到达,此处用动词不定式表将来的动作。故填to arrive

34standing

【详解】考查独立主格和非谓语动词。句意:我小心地把液体倒进水里,我的同学焦急地站在我旁边看会发生什么。分析句子可知,句子谓语动词是 poured,空处涉及一个独立主格结构。空处应用动词stand的现在分词形式standing作后置定语,表示与其逻辑主语my classmates的主动关系。故填standing

35disturbing

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:你可以坐很长时间,喝杯咖啡,聊天,没有人打扰你,一个女孩说。分析句子结构,nobody ________disturbyou here是独立主格结构,“nobody”“disturb”之间是主动关系,用现在分词,故填disturbing

36fixed

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他上课专心听讲,眼睛盯着黑板。分析句子可知,逗号后面的部分为独立主格结构,作前面句子的状语,eyesfix构成逻辑上的被动关系,用过去分词。故填:fixed

37included

【详解】考查过去分词。句意:他们会寄给你一件599元的外套,包括邮费。分析句子结构可知,句中谓语是will send,空格处用非谓语形式,是独立主格结构,postageinclude之间是被动关系,因此空格处用过去分词表被动,故填included

38trembling

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:汤姆站了起来,气得浑身发抖。分析句子结构可知,此处是独立主格结构,his bodytremble之间是主动关系,应用现在分词。故填trembling

39following

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:她沿着小路走着,她儿子紧跟在后面。分析句子结构可知,空格处填非谓语动词,此处是独立主格结构,her sonfollow之间是逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词形式,作状语。故填following

40being

【详解】考查独立主格和现在分词。句意:他母亲病了,他待在家里照顾她。本句为独立主格结构:名词+现在分词。his motherbe在逻辑上是主动关系,所以用现在分词。故填being

【点睛】

41looking

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:语言几乎令人陶醉,一位年老的作家回顾着那个雄心勃勃而又简单的时代。根据句意及所给句子可知,此处是独立主格结构,an aging writerlook之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词形式。故填looking

42to wake

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:如果没有人叫醒我,第一节课我会迟到的。在这个句子里,“主语十不定式可以作条件状语。根据句意,故填to wake

43fixed

【详解】考查过去分词和独立主格。句意:他坐在床边,眼睛盯着手里的信。根据短语fix one's eyes on(把双眼集中在……上),本句为独立主格结构,his eyesfix在逻辑上是被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填fixed

44to settle

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:有很多事情要解决,经理看起来很担心。此处是独立主格结果,表示事情还没有处理,应用不定式。故填to settle

45eaten

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:一个人吃完晚饭,玛丽径直走进了图书馆。分析句子结构可知,Her dinner_______________(eat) alone是独立主格结构,her dinnereat在逻辑上是动宾关系,过去分词表被动,故填eaten

46following

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:尼摩船长走在前面,他的一个船员跟在后面几步。此处用逗号与主句分开,与主句之间没有任何连接词,为独立主格结构,且menfollow构成主动关系,故用现在分词。故填following

47permitting

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:如果时间允许,我可能会和朋友去远足。分析句子结构可知,主句是“I may go hiking with my friends.”,前半句是独立主格结构,time(时间)permit(允许)二者构成主动关系,所以permit应用现在分词形式,time permitting表示如果时间允许,故填permitting

48measuring

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:森林里的树高得令人难以置信,有些树高达90多米。分析句子结构,some ________ (measure) more than 90 meters.是独立主格结构,“some”“measure”之间是主动关系,用现在分词,所以填measuring

49making

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:一群孩子在周围制造很大的噪音,我发现很难集中精力工作。此处为名词+分词/不定式的独立主格结构,逻辑主语是children,和make是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用现在分词表主动,故填making

50fixed

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:眼睛不再专注于手机屏幕,我们才有机会真正地享受彼此的陪伴。分析句子可知,这里符合with引导的独立主格结构:with+名词+非谓语动词,fix搭配介词on意为集中于、固定于,其中eyesfix之间是动宾关系,应使用过去分词形式。故填fixed

51being

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:蒙特利尔是世界上第二大法语城市,巴黎是最大的。空格处和系动词之间没有连词,所以应用独立主格结构。be动词和Paris构成主动关系,且表示伴随状态,所以应用现在分词形式。故填being

52Taking

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:把一切都考虑在内,结果比想象的好。逗号之前是垂悬结构taking everything into consideration=considering everything=given everything“把一切考虑在内,这是固定结构,不受主语的限制,故填Taking

53given

【详解】考查独立主格。句意:如果给我们更多的时间,我们就能完成这项工作。空格处和谓语之间没有连词,所以应用非谓语形式。动词give和逻辑主语time构成被动关系,且表示动作已完成,所以应用过去分词构成独立主格结构作条件状语。故填given

54filling

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:杰克的心怦怦直跳,泪水盈眶,他小心翼翼地打开了盒子。设空处在句中作非谓语,并且filld的逻辑主语和句子的主语Jack不一致,此处为非谓语动词的独立主格结构作状语,fill和逻辑主语tears之间是逻辑的主动关系,需用现在分词形式。故填filling.

55considered

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:从全面考虑,计划后天到大本营的旅行将不得不取消。分析句子结构可知,此处用逗号与主句分开,与主句之间没有使用任何连接词,为独立主格结构,且All thingsconsider之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用过去分词。故填considered

56lowered

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他羞愧地站在那里低着头,低着眼睛。本句为独立主格结构,逻辑主语 eyeslower之间被动关系,所以用过去分词形式。根据句意,故填lowered

57With

【详解】考查with的复合结构。句意:电视一开,我就不能专心读书。此处是with的复合结构,在句中作状语。宾语为the TV,过去分词turned on作宾补。故填With

58held

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:她昂着头走了过去。分析句子,该句为独立主格结构。独立主格结构在句中作状语,逻辑主语her headhold之间为被动关系,应用过去分词。故填held

59feeling

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:(因为)没有人对新桌子感到满意,它很快就被搬走了。分析可知,“Nobody ________ (feel) satisfied with the new table”应是独立主格成分在句中做原因状语。逻辑主语“Nobody(没有人)”与动词“feel(感觉;认为)”之间为主动关系,应是现在分词形式。故填feeling

60crossed

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:他坐在那里,双臂交叉在胸前。分析句子结构可知,此句为非谓语动词作伴随状语,逻辑主语与主句主语不一致,非谓语动词形式须另带主语,从而构成复合结构的形式作状语,“arms”“cross”之间为被动关系,应用过去分词。故填crossed

61following

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:她沿着小路走着,女儿紧跟在后面。分析句子结构可知,此句为非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主语与主句主语不一致,非谓语动词形式须另带主语,从而构成复合结构的形式作状语,“her daughter”“follow”之间为主动关系,应用现在分词。故填following

62coming

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:秋天来了,天气越来越冷。本题考查独立主格结构,逻辑主语Autumncome之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词形式。故填coming

63being

【详解】考查独立主格。句意:星期天,许多人去体育馆锻炼。分析句子可知,本句为独立主格结构,逻辑主语itbe在逻辑上是主动关系,所以用现在分词,故独立主格的结构为:名词/代词+现在分词。故填being

64splitting

【详解】考查独立主格。句意:格利贝克似乎对这一结果感到高兴,他的小脸绽开了灿烂的笑容。分析可知此处为名词+分词的独立主格结构,动词split意为裂开,和逻辑主语face是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以应用现在分词表主动。故填splitting

65dressed

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:参加婚礼的宾客有数百人,都穿着正式的、五颜六色的衣服。分析句子结构可知,逗号后面是独立主格形式。名词/主格代词+过去分词这种独立主格形式,表示被动和已完成,根据句意及短语be dressed up可知,此处需填入derss的过去分词形式dressed。故填dressed

66fixed

【详解】考查过去分词。句意:眼睛不再盯着我们的手机,我们可以真正享受彼此的陪伴。在with独立主格结构中,动词fix意为使固定,和逻辑主语eyes构成被动关系,且动作已完成,所以应用过去分词作状语。故填fixed

67bathing

【详解】考查独立主格。句意:一轮满月沐浴在银色的夜晚,人们进入了沉睡。名词moonbathe之间为独立主格,两者之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词。根据句意,故填bathing

68finished

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:工作结束后,他们离开办公室回家了。分析句子结构可知,逗号后句子结构完整,逗号前后两部分之间没有连词,可知此空应用非谓语动词,和其前名词the work构成独立主格结构,在句中作状语。再根据finishthe work之间是被动关系,表示工作被做完,可知此空用过去分词,故填finished

69having gone

【详解】考查独立主格。句意:火车开走了,我们只好等另一辆。分析句子可知,该句已有动词had to,设空处应为非谓语动词,并且有自己主语The train,和主语构成独立主格,主语和go之间为主谓关系,应用现在分词形式,又因现在分词表示的动作先于谓语动作发生,且有一定间隔,应用现在分词的完成式。故填having gone

70having left

【详解】考查独立主格。句意:客人离开了,他开始从服务的工作中解脱出来,休息一下。分析句子可知,句中存在谓语动词began to relieve,因此空处使用非谓语动词形式,The guestsleave之间为主动关系,且leave动作发生在 began to relieve之前,因此使用现在分词的完成式,构成名词加上分词的独立主格结构。故填having left

【点睛】

71dressed

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:出席会议的有几百位客人,都穿着正装。be dressed in穿着,后句为独立主格结构,所以用过去分词形式。根据句意,故填dressed

72sitting

【详解】考查独立主格和非谓语动词。句意:有妈妈坐在Max身边,他觉得很安全。分析句子结构可知,该句是独立主格结构,且mothersit之间是主动关系,应使用名词(代词)+现在分词结构,故填sitting

73approaching

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:随着冬天的临近,天气越来越冷。分析句子结构可知,该句中运用“with+名词+分词独立主格结构作状语,approach与逻辑主语winter之间是主动关系,因此,此处应该使用现在分词形式approaching。故填approaching

74fixed

【详解】考查过去分词的独立主格结构。句意:他的注意力都集中在智能手机上的游戏上,没有注意到站在他身后的老师。分析句子结构,句子已有谓语动词didn’t notice,空处需填非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主语his attention和主句的主语不一致,此处是独立主格结构,his attentionfix为逻辑上的动宾关系,需用过去分词形式。故填fixed

75broken

【详解】考查独立主格结构。分析句子可知,前半部分是独立主格结构,做原因状语,glassbreak之间是被动关系,所以用break的过去分词broken,故填broken

76being

【详解】句意:没有公共汽车,我们不得不走过去。There be句型的独立主格结构作原因状语,所以填being

77outstretched

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:他开始向我跑过来;双臂张开,发出一种哀嚎的声音。分析句子可知,逗号后为独立主格结构,其中非谓语动词outstretch和逻辑主语arms之间是被动关系,故用其过去分词,构成独立主格结构作状语,修饰整句。故填outstretched

78having

【详解】考查独立主格。句意:蝙蝠是令人惊讶的长寿生物,一些蝙蝠的寿命约为20年。此处是代词+现在分词形式的独立主格结构作状语,逻辑主语somehave之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词表示主动。故填having

79coming

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:春天来了,田野充满了生机。句中已有谓语动词is,故空处使用非谓语动词形式,动词come和逻辑主语Spring之间是主谓关系,所以用现在分词构成独立主格结构。故填coming

80to be taken

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:明天有一个重要的考试,今晚我必须认真复习课本。分析句子结构,An important exam          (take) tomorrow是独立主格结构,根据tomorrow可知,此处表示将来要参加的考试,应用不定式,表将来,takeexam是逻辑动宾关系,应用被动形式。故填to be taken

81jumping

【详解】考查现在分词和独立主格结构。句意:《哈利·波特》系列电影中的魁地奇场景就是这样拍的,演员们跳上跳下。在with独立主格中,动词jump(跳)和逻辑主语actors构成主动关系,所以用现在分词。故填jumping

82accusing

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:他共有七项指控,均指控他作伪证。分析句子结构,已有谓语动词faced,空处需填非谓语动词形式,accuse的逻辑主语是all,与主句的主语不一致,需用独立主格结构,allaccuse为逻辑主谓关系,需用现在分词形式。故填accusing

83considered

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:综合考虑各种因素,后一种方法更实用。此处逗号前为独立主格结构,factorconsider构成被动关系,故应用过去分词。故填considered

84reached

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:由于没有达成协议,跨国公司的代表希望再进行一轮会谈。分析句子结构可知,此处为分词的独立主格结构作状语,且reachagreement构成被动关系,应用过分词。故填reached

85added/adding

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:你最好多接触不同的词汇,很多词汇很容易增加你的词汇量。分析句子结构可知,空前后主语不一致,且没有连词,所以空处需用非谓语动词的独立主格结构,空处动词add和其逻辑主语many of them 之间可以视为被动关系,表示被添加,需用过去分词added的独立主格结构,也可以理解为主动关系,用现在分词adding的独立主格结构,表示增加了词汇量。故填added/adding

86concentrated

【详解】考查过去分词。句意:他的注意力专注在所做的事情上,他没有注意到他的自行车已经被偷了。此处使用独立主格结构,his attentionconcentrate是被动关系,用过去分词作状语。故填concentrated

87having been approved

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:令他们高兴的是,他们的新项目在会议上被批准了,兴奋的学者们决定举行一次烧烤来庆祝这个美妙的时刻。此处句子的主语是 the excited scholarstheir new project是动词 approve 的逻辑主语,动词 approve 的动作先于谓语动词的动作decide发生,且与逻辑主语之间是被动关系,故应用having been done形式,构成独立主格结构。故填having been approved

88coming

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:随着考试临近,她感到焦虑。分析句子结构可知,这是一个with独立主格结构作伴随状语,examcome之间是主动关系,故用come的现在分词coming。填coming

89bathing

【详解】考查独立主格结构和现在分词。句意:月亮从山谷里优雅地升起,整个高山沐浴在神秘的月光中。分析句子可知,The moon rose elegantly from the valley是主句,没有连词连接,故the whole mountain    (bathe)itself in mysterious moonlight是独立主格结构做状语,mountainbathe是主动关系,故用现在分词,故填bathing

【点睛】

90to do

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:由于有很多作业要做,我决定不和你一起看演出。此处是with的复合结构,do要以非谓语的形式出现。根据下文“ I decided not to watch the performance with you”可知,作业还未完成,用不定式表将来。此处是with a lot of homework for me...省略了for me,非谓语动词do与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,应用不定式的一般形式。故填to do

91working

【详解】考查独立主格。句意:为了完成这个任务,我们非常努力,每个人都像两个人那样工作。分析句子可知,逗号后是独立主格结构,work是不及物动词,只有主动形式,故填working

92rushing

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:随着越来越多的农民涌入城市,他们孩子的教育成了一个问题。此处为with的复合结构,结构为“with+名词+现在分词farmersrush为主动关系,应用现在分词。故填rushing

93tied

【分析】本题考查词汇语境应用能力和语法应用能力。

【详解】考查独立主格。句意:凶手双手被绑在背后被带了进来。分析可知,所填动词独立主格with复合结构中,即:with sth+done/doing+其他,所填动词tie与之前逻辑主语his hands之间为被动关系,应用过去分词形式。故填tied

94Judging

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:从他笑的样子来看,他一定很幽默。judging from表示……判断”,为独立成分,作状语。故填Judging

95permitting  

【详解】考查独立主格。句意:天气许可,会议将在花园举行。分析句子可知,此处是现在分词的独立主格结构作状语,weatherpermit是主动关系,用现在分词表示主动。故答案为permitting

96permitting

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:如果时间允许,在你动身去日本之前我会安排你去见李教授的。分析句子结构,此句为独立主格结构。permit应该和前面的逻辑主语Time构成主动关系,permit用现在分词形式,相当于if引导的条件状语从句。故填permitting

97Judging

【详解】考查独立主格。句意:从她脸上快乐的表情来看,她一定显示了她儿子被北京大学录取的消息。固定短语:judging from/by...,根据……来判断。为独立主格,置于句首,首字母大写。故答案为Judging

98     filling     hidden

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:汤姆看着珍妮,眼睛里充满了泪水,大声地说出了藏在心里多年的话。第一空动词fill与名词tears构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故填现在分词filling,构成独立主格结构;第二空动词hide与名词words构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故填过去分词hidden,做后置定语。故填fillinghidden

99measuring

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这儿潮湿,因此树很高,一些高达数米。分析句子可知,is是谓语动词,measure要用非谓语形式;measure意为“(指尺寸、长短、数量等) 量度为时,是不及物动词,因此用doing形式作定语,故填measuring

100measuring

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:这里非常潮湿,以至于树很高,一些甚至高达90米。分析句子可知,the trees are extremely tall是完整的句子,中间没有连词,说明后面是独立主格结构,some是逻辑主语,后面是非谓语动词作状语,measure后接数词,表示:长、宽、高是多少的时候,measure是不及物动词,和主语是主动关系,因此需使用现在分词。故填measuring

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