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西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院王玉宝教授课题组综合分析了目前面临的水资源、耕地资源等农业生产问题的基础上，全面评估了中国西北地区粮食生产的可持续性，提出了实现区域可持续发展的相关对策。相关结果发表于Land Degradation & Development（IF=4.275）。 阅读论文全文请点击文末阅读原文。 China's food security has met standards set by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization. However, this development is based on excessive resource input and sacrificing the environment. There are few studies on how to evaluate food production systems with a sustainability framework. In order to guarantee the food security in Northwest China, and realize the sustainable development of agricultural production. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of new problems faced including water resources, cultivated land resources and ecological security, several indicators such as water resources development and utilization rate, cultivated land pressure index, cultivated land quality index, N and P emissions and emission intensity are proposed to comprehensively evaluate the sustainability of grain production in Northwest China and put forward countermeasures to realize regional sustainable development. The results show that the water resources are already at a high stress level as the development and utilization rate of water resources is 42.7% in 2015. Industrial and domestic water continues to squeeze agricultural water use (annual average reduction of 0.1%). The amount of per capita cultivated land in 2015 has decreased by 9.7% compared to 2000. The quality index of cultivated land is as low as 0.22. A series of ecological problems caused by agricultural production have intensified the ecological crisis in the Northwest, which in turn will further affect food security. Suggestions to address these issues include improving agricultural water use efficiency, strengthening the measures of arable land conservation, improving fertilizer utilization efficiency and reducing plastic film mulch residues. 中国的粮食安全符合联合国粮农组织制定的标准。然而，这种发展是建立在过度投入资源和牺牲环境的基础上的。目前，关于如何用可持续性框架评价粮食生产系统的研究目前还很少。为了保障中国西北地区的粮食安全，实现农业生产的可持续发展，在综合分析面临的新问题包括水资源、耕地资源和生态安全的基础上，使用一些指标如水资源开发利用率、耕地压力指数、耕地质量指标、氮磷排放、排放强度等全面评估中国西北地区粮食生产的可持续性，提出实现区域可持续发展的相关对策。分析结果表明，2015年水资源开发利用率为42.7%，水资源已经处于高度紧张状态。工业和生活用水继续挤压农业用水（年平均减少0.1%）。人均耕地面积比2000年下降了9.7%。耕地质量指数低至0.22。农业生产引发的一系列生态问题加剧了西北地区的生态危机，进而影响粮食安全。针对上述问题，本文提出了提高农业用水效率、加强耕地保护措施、提高肥料利用效率、减少塑料地膜的残留等建议。 |
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来自： 昵称37581541 > 《农业环境》
