今天朗读君归纳了六大词性、八种基本时态以及初中生需要掌握三种基本从句。可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量,它有单数与复数两种形式。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目,来统计,都成为不可数名词。不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量,没有复数形式。要表示“一个……”这一概念,就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词,在英语里却不可数。chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news等。B. 以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-esD. 以f,fe结尾的,去掉f或fe,变成v再加-esA. 单数名词词尾加's,复数名词词尾若没有s,也要加's。the worker's bike,the Children's ballB. 表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人的名字后加's若表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后's。This is Lucy and Licy's room.These are Kate's and jack's rooms.C. 如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词,只加'。the students' books,the girls' blouses(另外:名词+of+名词名词是有生命的,我们就用's结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的,我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。)人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,不定代词。you you your yours yourselfyou you your yours yourselvesthey them their theirs themselves第一、二人称反身代词在形容词性物主代词后加上self或selves,第三人称的反身代词在宾格代词后加上self或selves.I enjoyed myself at the party. (1) 为了避免重复,可用that,those代替前面提到过的名词,但是this,these不可以。(2) this,that有时可代替句子或句子中的一部分。(1)不定冠词an用在元音读音开头(不是指元音字母)的词前,其余用不定冠词a.B. 用在序数词、形容词的最高级及only所修饰的名词前。C. 用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前面。D. 用在由普通名词和另外一些词所构成的专有名词前面。E. 用在姓氏的复数形式前面,表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。A. 在专有名词 (包括人名、地名、节日、月份、季节) 、物质名词和抽象名词前—般不用冠词。但在以Festival组成的民间节日前要加the。C. 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时,不用冠词。D. 三餐饭、球类、棋类、游戏名称前一般不用冠词。正在有些词组中,有无冠词含义不同。三位数数词要在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and。1,000以上的数字,从后向前第三位数加一个“,”(2)序数词除了first,second,third外,(3)分数分子在前,分母在后,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1小时,分母序数词要变成复数。(4)hundreds(thousands,millions)of……A. 形容词作定语一般要放在名词前面,但当形容词修饰不定代词something,nothing,anything时要放在所修饰的不定代词之后。B. 当形容词带有表示度量的词或词组作定语或表语时,定语或表语要后置。We have dug a hole two meters deep.The hole is about two metres deep.单音节词和少数双音节词,在词尾加—(e)r,—(e)st来构成比较级和最高级。其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级。popular———more popular———most popularimportant—more important—most important单音节副词和个别双音节副词通过加-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。绝大多数副词借助more,most来构成比较级和最高级。(4)少数形容词和副词比较级/最高级的不规则变化:far —— farther —— farthestin, at, on, before,after,till,since,for, fromto, until,by,in the middle of,at the beginning of, at the end of,at half,past five,at night,in a week,in the morning,in class,at sunrise, in spring/summer/autumn/winter,on Sunday,on Saturday afternoon,on a winter evening,for a long time,for two months,after school,since liberation,before lunch,at the time of,at the age ofin,at,into,to,on,beside,before,behind,above,under,outside,inside,up,from,far,from,near,across, off, down, among,past,between,out of,around,in the front of, in the middle of, at the back of,at the foot of,at home,at the gate,at the table,in the sky,on the ground,in a tree, in the south,in the sun,in the bed,on one's way home,by the side of.常和 always , often , usually , sometimes , every day 等表时间的状语连用。1) I go to school every day . 2) He is always like that . 1) 主语 + be (am / are / is ) +……1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.常和表示过去的时间状语连用. I went to a movie yesterday. He always went to work by bike last week. 1) 主语 + be (was / were ) +……They are watching TV now.主语 + 助动词be(am/are/is) + 动词-ing形式构成.这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文暗示外,一般用时间状语来表示.1) What were you doing? I was jumping.2) What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived? He was sleeping.主语 + 助动词be(was/were) + 动词-ing形式构成.He will go shopping tomorrow.They are going to play basketball next week.2) 主语 + be going to + 动原 + ….1) 主语(第一人称) + 助动词should + 动原 +…3) 主语 + was/ were going to +动原…过去将来时除了上下文暗示外,一般常用在间接引语中,主句谓语动词为过去时态.2) You knew I would come.3) They were going to Naning.主语 + 助动词 ( have / has ) + 动词过去分词 +…表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果. Have you had your lunch yet?表示过去在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作.表示过去某一时间可用by, before 等构成的短语,也可用when, before, 等引导的从句或者通过上下文表示.I had finished my homework when my mom came back home.从句是指在一个句子中充当一个成分的句子,充当什么成分就叫什么从句。从以上定义中我们可以得出关于从句的一个最大特点:从句是句子。2. 从句都是陈述语序(陈述语序就是主语在前,谓语在后。)He is a teacher主语 He 在谓语is之前,因此是陈述语序,而Is he a teacher? He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。A. 宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后),I want to know if he can come tomorrowB. 当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时,后面直接加谓语动词,She asked me who had helped him.(3)宾语从句的时态,只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现则从任,主过则从过,客观真理一般现”主句如果是一般现在时,则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种,He tells me he likes English very much(一般现在时)主句如果是一般过去时,则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种,He told me that he liked playing football(一般过去时)He says the moon goes around the earth.when当…的时候(一般情况下主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时。)Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.I didn't go to school yesterday because I was ill.if如果, unless (=if not) 除非,(让步)If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.目的状语从句连接词so that, so…that , in order that 引导。结果状语从句连接词 so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引导。The scientist's report was so instructive that we were all very excited.Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.'no matter +特殊疑问词疑问词+陈述语序' No matter what happened, he would not mind.I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.(中beautiful就是定语)定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.连接代词:who、which、whom、whose、that如果这份学习资料对孩子们的学习有所帮助,点个【在看】,给朗读君一个奖励吧!
|