初中从知识

初中从句知识总结

初中阶段着重要研究的从句有：宾语从句、状语从句、no matter从句和定语从句。

第一讲 从句的共同特点

从句是指在一个句子中充当一个成分的句子，充当什么成分就叫什么从句，如：充当宾语就叫宾语从句，充当定语成分就叫定语从句。

从以上定义中我们可以得出关于从句的一个最大特点：从句是句子。

从句的共同特点：1.从句都有自己的连接词 
2.从句都是陈述语序（陈述语序就是主语在前，谓语在后，如：He is a teacher主语 He 在谓语is之前，因此是陈述语序，而Is he a teacher? 主语 He 在谓语is之后，因此不是陈述语序。）

第二讲：宾语从句

宾语从句是中考的一个重要得分点，大家复习时一定要重视。

在研究宾语从句之前我们先来看一下什么是宾语。宾语就是在句子中用来回答谁做了什么中什么的成分，如I lost my car 中my car就回答了我丢失了什么中的“什么”，因此my car就是宾语，宾语包括动宾、介宾，动宾就是跟在及物动词后的宾语，如：I have finished my homework （my homework 是跟在finish后的动宾）；介宾就是跟在介词后作宾语，如：I’m interested
in English (English 是跟在in 后的介宾语)。

宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子，如：He said that he wanted to be a teacher when
he grew up.

宾语从句的特点：1.宾语从句有自己的连接词2.宾语从句用陈述语序 3.宾语从句的时态

一.宾语从句的连接词：宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。一般情况下选用连接词时，多用翻译语气法，在研究语气翻译翻译法之前，让我们先来看一下什么是语气，语气就是说话的口气，语气可分为三种：A.陈述语气即没有任何疑问的不需要回答的语气，如：I have found my lost car；B一般疑问语气：可以用Yes 或 No 来回答的疑问语气，如：Do you need a piece of paper? Yes, thank you.;  C特殊疑问语气：需要具体回答的语气，如：When were you born?  October 3 rd. 在为宾语从句选连接词时，我们首先应将宾语从句译成汉语，看是什么语气，陈述语气用that 作连接词，that可以省略，如： He told me （that） his father would come back the next week. 一般疑问语气用if/whether作连接词，if与whether大多数情况下可以互换，但当宾语从句中有or not时，不可用if只可用whether，如：She asked his mother if /whether she could help
her.  He wanted to know whether his father would come to see him the next
day or not. 特殊疑问语气用特殊疑问词，如：He wants to know what he can do to help his
sister.

特殊疑问词含义：1).wh-型 what (什么) What do you want to eat? What(哪个)+可数名词单数/不可数名词 What class are you in? What time is it now? when(什么时候) When do you want to meet him? Where(哪里) Where are you from? Who(谁)主格 Who is calling you?
Whom(谁) 宾格 Whom do you
want to help you with your English?(口语中常用who来代替whom) whose（谁的）（+名词） Whose cup is this? There is a cup on the desk, whose
is it? Why(为什么) Why do you like music so much? Which(哪一个)+可数名词单数 Which apple do you
want? Which （哪一些）+可数名词复数 Which
apples are from his garden? Which （哪一个） Which do
you prefer, this apple or that?

2). how-型 how（怎样）How do you usually
come to school? How (身体怎样) How are you? How long(多长时间) How will you stay in China ? How soon(多长时间以后)与将来时（包括现在将来时与过去将来时）连用 How
soon will you be back? How often(多长时间一词)注意当遇到了诸如：three times a day/a week 之类的也用how often How often do you have a maths lesson? Twice
a day. How many times(多少次) How many times do you take this medicine
a day? Three times. How much (多少)+ 不可数名词 How much meat do you want? 注意问钱不忘 how much How much is your shirt? How many(多少)+可数名词复数 How many people (本身就是复数) are there in your family? How old (多大)问年龄 How old is that boy? 7
years old. How far (多远) How far is it from your home to your
school? Two kilometers away. How tall (多高) 一般指人高树高烟囱高， How tall is the boy? How high(多高)一般指山高建筑物高及离开地面高， How high
can he jump?

 

二.宾语从句的语序；A.宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后）,如：I want to
know if he can come tomorrow

B.当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词，如：She asked me who had helped him

三.宾语从句的时态，只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一般现”。

A.主现则从任：主句如果是一般现在时，则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种，如：1.He tells me he likes English very much(一般现在时)

2.He asks me if I
saw his brother yesterday(一般过去时)

3.She wants to
know what has happened(现在完成时)

4.I say that the
world is changing all the time(现在进行时)

5.He wonders what
I was doing at five yesterday afternoon.(过去进行时)

6.My father tells
me that he will fly to Qingdao for a holiday(现在将来时)

7.My sister says
he had learn one thousand English words by the end of last term(过去完成时)

8.My friends hopes
me that I can help him(含情态动词的一般现在时)

B.主过则从过：主句如果是一般过去时，则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种，带“过”字的时态分别是如：1.一般过去时，2.过去进行时，3.过去将来时，4.过去完成时

1.He told me that
he liked playing football(一般过去时)

2.She asked me
whether I was watching TV at this time last day(过去进行时)

3.I wanted to say
that our team would beat them(过去将来时)

4.He wondered if I
had finished my homework (过去完成时)

5.I said I could
help him (含情态动词的一般过去时)

C.客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时，如：1.He says
the moon goes around the earth

2.He told me that
one and one makes two.

第三讲 状语从句

状语从句是历年中考的一个必考项目，一定要特殊注意。

英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语（adverbial)。

状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等，根据状语的功能状语从句可分为：时间状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句。

一．时间状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。

时间状语的连接词：when（当…时候） 
while（当…时候） as（当…时候） after（在…以后） before（在…以前） as soon
as（一…就） since（自从…到现在） till
/until（直到…才） by the time（到…为止）依旧是连接词后加陈述语序。

举例：1.when当…的时候（一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。）

Mozart started
writing music when he was four years old.

(当)莫扎特的时候，开始写音乐作品。

I will become a
teacher when I grow up

当我长大了，我要当老师

2.while当…时

He visited a lot
of places while he was traveling.

他在旅途中参观了许多地方。

3.as在…的同时；一边…一边…

He smiled as he
stood up.

他一边站起来一边笑着。

4.after在…之后

He left the
classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.

前几天做完作业之后回的家。

5.before 在…之前

Mr. Brown had
worked in a bank for a year before he came here.

布朗先生来这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。

6.as soon as 一…就…(一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。)

We began to work
as soon as we got there.

我们一到那就开始工作。

I will write to
you as soon as I get home.

我一到家就给你写信。

7.since 自…以来
到现在

表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。

Mr Green has
taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.

自格林先生来中国以来，他就在这所学校教书。

(还可以用作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：since three years ago(自三年前以来)表示。)

8 till /until

都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。

They walked till
/until it was dark.

他们一直走到天黑。

Xiao Ming didn’t
leave home till / until his father came back.

小明直到他爸爸回来才离开家。

9. by the time 到…为止 (所在句子的主句应用现在或过去完成时)

By the time he
gets there , his father has already gone.

他到家的时候，他爸爸已经走了。

By the time I got
to school, the class had already began.

我到校时，已经开始上课了。

用法辨析：1.when, while和as的区别

when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。

例如：

When she came in,
I stopped eating.她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)

When I lived in
the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）

We were about to
leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。

While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如：

While my wife was
reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)

I like playing
football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）

As表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。例如：

We always sing as
we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边……一边”）

As we was going
out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）

as when while的辨析

as when while都表示主、从句动作同时发生，三者差异如下：

as表示“一边。。。一边＂的意思

强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时

用于发生时间较段时

when

1、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作＂之前 ＂或＂之后＂发生。

2、when＝and then; at that moment
(正在那个时候)

3.常用于常见搭配中

while

1、用于时间较长时

2、
强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时

有时这三个连词可以互换，有时不可以。

lt was raining
hard when (as) I got there.

我到那里时，正在下大雨。 ( 动作同时发生，when可换为as, 但不能换为while，因为get是点动词.)

When I had read
the article, he called me.

我看完这篇文章之后，她给我打了电话。( 从句动作发生在主句之前，注意时态表达，只能用when )

When I got to the
cinema, the film had begun.

(当)我到了电影院时，电影已经开演了。(从句的动作发生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意时态)

He was about to
leave, when the telephone rang.

他正要离开，忽然电话响了。( 此时不能放在句首。主句动词一般表达 “正在”
“即将”.

while, as不能代替

She thought I was
talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.

他以为我在谈她女儿，然而，实际上在谈论我女儿。(表转折，对比，when,
as都不能代替它)

While the alien
was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.

外星人买纪念品时，那女孩给警察打了电话。(表示主句，从句的动作同时发生，while后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词，因为它表示较长时间)

Mother was worried
because little Alice was ill, especially as (when/ while) father was away.

妈妈担心，因为小爱丽丝病了，特别是他父亲不在家的时候。(此时as ,when,
while可通用)

2. 由till或until引导的时间状语从句。

till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。例如：

I didn't go to bed
until（till） my father
came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。

It was not until
the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。

I worked until he
came back.我工作到他回来为止。

I didn't work
until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。

Please wait until
I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。

3. 由since引导的时间状语从句。

since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时，表述为：现在完成时+since+一般过去时。但在It is ＋时间＋since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如：

I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。

Where have you
been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？

It is four years
since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。

It is five months
since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。

知识扩展

1. It is since从。。。以来多长时间了(因为since +从句或名词，表示一段时间)

It is five years
since we met last time.从我们上次见面已经五年了。

2. It is +before…(。。。才)

It was a long time
before I went to sleep again.

过了很长时间我才睡着。

It was an hour
before(＝until) the police arrived.

过了一个小时，警察才来。

二.原因状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。

连接词：由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导

1.I didn’t go to
school yesterday because I was ill.

我昨天没去上学，因为我生病了。

2. Since everybody
is here, let’s begin our meeting.

既然大家都来了, 让我们开始开会吧.

3. As you are in
poor health, you should not stay up late.

既然你身体不好, 你就不该熬夜.

4.I asked her to
stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.

我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她.

用法辨析：because , since , as , for辨析

1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。

　 I didn’t go, because
I was afraid.

　 Since /As the weather is so bad, we have
to delay our journey.

2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。

　 He is absent today, becaus e / for he is
ill.

　 He must be ill, for he is absent today.

三、条件状语从句

连接词：if如果, unless
(=if not) 除非。(让步)

1.If it doesn’t
rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.

如果明天不下雨, 我们就去远足.

2.You will get
good grades if you study hard.

如果你努力学习,就会取得好成绩.

3.I will go to the
party unless he goes there too.

我不会去参加聚会的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去,我也不去.)

4.You will be late
unless you leave immediately.

如果你不马上走,你将会迟到的.(=If
you don’t leave immediately, you will be late.)

难点提示：用条件状语从句时要注意时态的正确使用,当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时.

He will not leave
if it isn’t fine tomorrow.

一般将来时，       一般现在时

They are going to
have a picnic if it doesn’t rain next week.

一般将来时,                   
一般现在时

四、目的、结果状语从句

目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子。

结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子

目的状语从句连接词so that, so…that ,
in order that 引导。

结果状语从句连接词 so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引导。

1.so…that 如此…以至于

The scientist’s
report was so instructive that we were all very excited.

科学家的报告很有教育性，我们感到很兴奋。

He always studied
so hard that he made great progress.

他总是那么努力，所以他取得了很大的进步。

2.so that 以至于, 以便于

I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的)

我将慢慢跑以至于你能赶上我。

I opened the
window so that fresh air might come in. (目的)

我把窗户打开以便于使新鲜空气可以进来。

3. such…that 如此…以至

It’s such nice weather
that all of us want to go to the park.

天气是如此的好，我们大家都想去公园玩。

4.in order that=so
that:为了

We shall let you
know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.

不久我们将会让你知道详情,以便你们能够做出安排。(目的)

5.比较：so和 such

　其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few,
much, little连用，形成固定搭配。

　so foolish　　　　　　　such
a fool　　　　　　　

　so nice a flower　　　　such a nice flower　 　　

　so many / few flowers　 such nice flowers　　　　

　so much / little money. such rapid progress　　　

　so many people　　　　　such a lot of people　 　

（ so many 已成固定搭配，a
lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）

　 so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。

　 The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.

　 He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school

难点

so+形容词或副词

so+形+a(an)+单数可数名词

so +many 或few+复数可数名词 +that

+much或 little+不可数名词

so that ,such…that 都可以in order that两者皆可引导目的地状语从句和结果状语从句，

当他们引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语里常常有can, could, may, might, will, would等次。

o +adj或adv.+ that， such +n.+
that 以上两种句型都表示结果,其中so为副词,后接形容词，副词原型，当可数名词前有many,
few；不可数名词前有much, little修饰时，应采用句型：so
many (few, much, little )+n. 。 such为形容词, 后只能接名词。这名词既可以地可数的，也可以是不可数的。如果这名词是可数的,则必须在名词前加不定冠词a(an). 常见的形式是:such a (beautiful)garden, such(nice)people.

1。I’ve had so many falls that
I’m black and blue all over.

我跌了很多跤，浑身数摔得清一块紫一块.

2。there are so few notebooks that I can’t give you any.

笔记本太少了,我一本也给不了你.

3。It is such nice weather that I’d like to take a walk.

天气是如此只好,以致于我想去散散步.

4。Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him.

麦克是如此诚实的一个人,以致于大家都相信他

(=Mike is such an
honest man that we all believe him.)

5。The weather is so nice that I’d like to take a walk.

天气是如此只好,以致于我想去散散步.

五、让步状语从句

让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子

连接词： though, although.，whether…or not

难点：

though, although当“虽然”讲, 都不能和but连用. Although/though…but的格式是不对的.但是他们都可以同yet (still) 连用. 所以thought (although)…yet(still)的格式是正确的.

Wrong: Although he
is rich but he is not happy.

Right : Although
he is rich, yet he is not happy.

虽然他很富有, 然而他并不快乐.

Right : Although
we have grown up, our parents treat us as children.

Right : Although
we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.

尽管我们已经长大了,可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩.

although, though 辨析

although 不能though 那样用作副词, 表示强调时要用even though.

1、He is looking fit, though.

但是,他看上去很健康. 考点

2、Even though I didn’t under a
word, I kept smiling.

尽管我一个字也不懂，我还是一直微笑着。

3、He is quite experienced, he is young, though.

尽管他很年轻，他很有经验。

典型例题

1） ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.　

A. When　B. However　 C. Although　 D. Unless

答案：C。意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。 

3)　ever if, even though.　即使

We’ll make a trip
even though the weather is bad.

尽管天气很坏，我们仍将要去旅行。

4) whether…or not　 不管……都

Whether you
believe it or not, it is true.

不管你信不信，那是真的

第三讲no matter 从句

结构："no matter +特殊疑问词疑问词+陈述语序" 或"特殊疑问词+后缀ever+陈述语序"

No matter what
happened, he would not mind.

Whatever happened,
he would not mind.

替换：no matter what = whatever

no matter who =
whoever

no matter when =
whenever

no matter where =
wherever

no matter which =
whichever

no matter how =
however

注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。

（错）No matter what you say is not useful now.

（对）Whatever you say is not useful now.

你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)

（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given,

（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they’re given.　囚犯们只能给什么吃什么

第四讲 定语从句

定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分，如：I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful
flower.(中beautiful就是定语)

定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后，如：I have met the doctor who is in the No.1
hospital.

定语从句的连接词：

1.连接代词：who、which、whom、whose、that

2.连接副词：when、where、why

选用连接词的关键是看先行词，先行词是指定语从句所修饰的名词或代词，如：The boy who is playing football is my
brother. (这里the boy 就是先行词)

一、连接代词的选用：1.who指人，先行词为人,在从句中做主语

(1) The boys who
are playing football are from Class One.

(2) Yesterday I
helped an old man who lost his way.

2. whom指人，先行词为人,在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the
person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

(2) Mr. Ling is
just the boy whom I want to see.

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(3) The man
who/whom you met just now is my friend

3.which指物，先行词为物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

(1) Football is a
game which is liked by most boys.

(2) This is the
pen (which) he bought yesterday.

4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。

在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(5) The number of
the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.

(6) Where is the
man that/whom I saw this morning?

5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语,译成"...的"

(1) He has a
friend whose father is a doctor.

(2) I once lived
in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

(3) The classroom
whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

(4) The classroom
the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

(5) Do you like
the book whose cover is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is
yellow?

介词+连接代词引导的定语从句连接代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时

从句常由介词+连接代词引导

(1) The school
(that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

(2) The school in
which he once studied is very famous.

(3) Tomorrow I
will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.

(4) Tomorrow I
will bring here a magazine for which you asked.

(5) We’ll go to
hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.

(6) We’ll go to
hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.

注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等

(1) This is the
watch which/that I am looking for. (T)

(2) This is the
watch for which I am looking. (F)

2. 若介词放在连接代词前，连接代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；连接代词是所有格时用whose

(1) The man with
whom you talked is my friend. (T)

(2) The man with
that you talked is my friend. (F)

(3) The plane in
which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)

(4) The plane in
that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)

3. “介词+连接代词”前可有some, any, none,
both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词

(1) He loved his
parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

(2) In the basket
there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

(3) There are
forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities

二、连接副词的选用：1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语

(1) I still
remember the day when I first came to the school.

(2) The time when
we got together finally came.

2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语

(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.

(2) The house
where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语

(1) Please tell me
the reason why you missed the plane.

(2) I don’t know
the reason why he looks unhappy today.

注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

(1) The reason
why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,

(2) From the year
when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he
grew up.

(3) Great changes
have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.

三、判断关系代词和关系副词的方法

准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词,具体操作方法如下：提出定语从句，把先行词补进定语从句中，若是先行词作地点状语就用Where,若作时间状语就用when，若作原因状语就用why（先行词一般为the reason），其他情况则用连接代词，例1. Is this the museum ___ you visited a few days ago?　

A. where　B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one

 

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition
was held?

A. where　　B. that　 C. on which　　D. the one

例3. Is this the reason why you are late for
school?

答案：

例1 D，例2 A　

在句1中，定语从句you
visited a few years ago 所缺部分为visited 后的宾语，因此先行词给该定语从句作宾语，故选连接代词，所以应选B。 　　

而句2中, 定语从句the exhibition was held主、谓、宾俱全，将先行词the museum 代入定语从句，定语从句变为the exhibition was held in the museum，in the museum 是地点状语，所以选A。　　

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；

先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when
时间状语，why 原因状语)

四、介词+连接词用法说明

1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2）that前不能有介词。

3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换，如：This is the house in
which I lived two years ago.　

This is the house
where I lived two years ago.　

Do you remember
the day on which you joined our club?　

Do you remember
the day when you joined our club?

This is the reason
why he came late.

This is the reason
for which he came late.

五、定语从句只能用that的几种情况

1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时

(1) Have you taken
down everything that Mr. Li has said?

(2) There seems to
be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.

(3) All that can
be done has been done.

(4) There is
little that I can do for you.

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(4) Any man
that/who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.

2. 当先行词被序数词修饰

(1) The first
place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

(1) This is the
best film that I have seen.

4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时

(1) This is the
very good dictionary that I want to buy,

(2) After the fire
in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.

当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(3) Wang Hua is
the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？

5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时

(1) Who is the man
that is standing there?

(2) Which is the
T-shirt that fits me most?

6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时

(1) Can you
remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?