Flask yaml配置logger及logger使用
tips:
Python logging模块
- debug : 打印全部的日志,详细的信息,通常只出现在诊断问题上
- info : 打印info,warning,error,critical级别的日志,确认一切按预期运行
- warning : 打印warning,error,critical级别的日志,一个迹象表明,一些意想不到的事情发生了,或表明一些问题在不久的将来(例如。磁盘空间低”),这个软件还能按预期工作
- error : 打印error,critical级别的日志,更严重的问题,软件没能执行一些功能
- critical : 打印critical级别,一个严重的错误,这表明程序本身可能无法继续运行
- 日志级别:CRITICAL >ERROR> WARNING > INFO> DEBUG> NOTSET
- logging日志设置以及使用
import logging
# 日志记录最低输出级别设置
logger = logging.getLogger()
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
# Logging记录到文件
fh = logging.FileHandler("test.log", mode='w')
logger.addHandler(fh) # 将logger添加到handler里面
# Logging记录格式以及设置
formatter = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s - %(message)s") # 记录时间和消息
fh.setFormatter(formatter) # 此处设置handler的输出格式
# Logging使用
logger.info("this is info")
logger.debug("this is debug")
logger.warning("this is warning")
logging.error("this is error")
logger.critical("this is critical")
- 输出test.log
2019-03-18 21:39:37,260 - this is info
2019-03-18 21:39:37,260 - this is debug
2019-03-18 21:39:37,260 - this is warning
2019-03-18 21:39:37,260 - this is error
2019-03-18 21:39:37,260 - this is critical
- 查看更多详细信息
Flask自带logger
Flask在0.3版本后就有了日志工具logger。
- Flask日志配置
- 日志工具简单使用:
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
app.logger.debug('A value for debugging')
app.logger.warning('A warning occurred (%d apples)', 42)
app.logger.error('An error occurred')
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run()
- 两种不同的方式配置logger
import logging
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
handler = logging.FileHandler(filename="test.log", encoding='utf-8')
handler.setLevel("DEBUG")
format_ ="%(asctime)s[%(name)s][%(levelname)s] :%(levelno)s: %(message)s"
formatter = logging.Formatter(format_)
handler.setFormatter(formatter)
app.logger.addHandler(handler)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run()
import logging
import logging.config
from flask import Flask
logger_conf ={
'version': 1,
'formatters': {'default': {
'format': '[%(asctime)s] %(levelname)s in %(module)s: %(message)s',
}},
'handlers': {'wsgi': {
'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
'stream': 'ext://flask.logging.wsgi_errors_stream',
'formatter': 'default'
}},
'root': {
'level': 'INFO',
'handlers': ['wsgi']
}
}
app = Flask(__name__)
logging.config.dictConfig(logger_conf)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run()
- 工厂模式下不同地方使用logger,请使用current_app.logger
import logging
import logging.config
from flask import current_app, Flask
logger_conf ={
'version': 1,
'formatters': {'default': {
'format': '[%(asctime)s] %(levelname)s in %(module)s: %(message)s',
}},
'handlers': {'wsgi': {
'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
'stream': 'ext://flask.logging.wsgi_errors_stream',
'formatter': 'default'
}},
'root': {
'level': 'INFO',
'handlers': ['wsgi']
}
}
def create_app():
app = Flask(__name__)
# 方法一日志设置
handler = logging.FileHandler(filename="test.log", encoding='utf-8')
handler.setLevel("DEBUG")
format_ ="%(asctime)s[%(name)s][%(levelname)s] :%(levelno)s: %(message)s"
formatter = logging.Formatter(format_)
handler.setFormatter(formatter)
app.logger.addHandler(handler)
# 方法二日志设置
# logging.config.dictConfig(logger_conf)
return app
app = create_app()
@app.route("/", methods=["GET"])
def test():
current_app.logger.info("this is info")
current_app.logger.debug("this is debug")
current_app.logger.warning("this is warning")
current_app.logger.error("this is error")
current_app.logger.critical("this is critical")
return "ok"
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run()
请求http://127.0.0.1:5000 输出到test.log内容2019-03-18 22:02:58,718[flask.app][WARNING] :30: this is warning
2019-03-18 22:02:58,718[flask.app][ERROR] :40: this is error
2019-03-18 22:02:58,719[flask.app][CRITICAL] :50: this is critical
2019-03-18 22:04:03,991[flask.app][WARNING] :30: this is warning
2019-03-18 22:04:03,992[flask.app][ERROR] :40: this is error
2019-03-18 22:04:03,992[flask.app][CRITICAL] :50: this is critical
- 对于以上的Flask logger的基本配置都能满足基本的日常需求。但是如果同时配置多个不同的handler,并且将不同内容的日志输出到不同的文件会很麻烦。所以需要一个统一的日志配置文件来处理。
yaml配置logger
- 在前文中,第二种配置logger的方法中使用了字典,在上一篇文章《Flask如何加载yaml文件配置》中介绍了python读取yaml文件以及yaml文件在python中的转换。所以只要按照一定的规则编写yaml文件,加载到日志配置中,即可完成配置。
- 文件目录
-----app
│ │
│
-----config
| |
| config.yaml
| logging.yaml
- 编写logging.yaml
version: 1
disable_existing_loggers: False
# 定义日志输出格式,可以有多种格式输出
formatters:
simple:
format: "%(message)s"
error:
format: "%(asctime)s [%(name)s] [%(levelname)s] :%(levelno)s: %(message)s"
# 定义不同的handler,输出不同等级的日志消息
handlers:
console:
class: logging.StreamHandler # 输出到控制台
level: DEBUG
formatter: simple
stream: ext://flask.logging.wsgi_errors_stream # 监听flask日志
info_file_handler:
class: logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler # 输出到文件
level: INFO
formatter: simple
filename: ./logs/info.log
maxBytes: 10485760 # 10MB
backupCount: 20 #most 20 extensions
encoding: utf8
error_file_handler:
class: logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler # 输出到文件
level: ERROR
formatter: error
filename: ./logs/errors.log
maxBytes: 10485760 # 10MB
backupCount: 20
encoding: utf8
# 启用handler
root:
level: INFO
handlers: [console,info_file_handler,error_file_handler]
- 编写Flask config.yaml
COMMON: &common
# app设置
DEBUG: False
TESTING: False
THREADED: False
SECRET_KEY: insecure
# 日志配置文件路径
LOGGING_CONFIG_PATH: ./config/logging.yaml
# 日志文件存放位置
LOGGING_PATH: ./logs
DEVELOPMENT: &development
<<: *common
DEBUG: True
ENV: dev
TESTING: &testing
<<: *common
ENV: test
TESTING: True
PRODUCTION: &production
<<: *common
ENV: prod
SECRET_KEY: shouldbereallysecureatsomepoint
- 加载Flask配置及日志配置
- 工厂文件()
import logging
import logging.config
import yaml
import os
from flask import Flask
def create_app(config_name=None, config_path=None):
app = Flask(__name__)
# 读取配置文件
if not config_path:
pwd = os.getcwd()
config_path = os.path.join(pwd, 'config/config.yaml')
if not config_name:
config_name = 'PRODUCTION'
conf = read_yaml(config_name, config_path)
app.config.update(conf)
if not os.path.exists(app.config['LOGGING_PATH']):
# 日志文件目录
os.mkdir(app.config['LOGGING_PATH'])
# 日志设置
with open(app.config['LOGGING_CONFIG_PATH'], 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
dict_conf = yaml.safe_load(f.read())
logging.config.dictConfig(dict_conf) # 载入日志配置
return app
def read_yaml(config_name, config_path):
"""
config_name:需要读取的配置内容
config_path:配置文件路径
"""
if config_name and config_path:
with open(config_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
conf = yaml.safe_load(f.read())
if config_name in conf.keys():
return conf[config_name.upper()]
else:
raise KeyError('未找到对应的配置信息')
else:
raise ValueError('请输入正确的配置名称或配置文件路径')
from app import factory
app = factory.create_app(config_name='DEVELOPMENT')
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run()
logger在蓝图(Blueprint)中的使用
- 第一种方法(),使用flask内置的handler输出日志,返回名为
flask.app 的日志。from flask import current_app,Blueprint
bp = Blueprint("test", __name__, url_prefix='/test')
@bp.route('',methods=["GET"])
def test():
current_app.logger.info("this is info")
current_app.logger.debug("this is debug")
current_app.logger.warning("this is warning")
current_app.logger.error("this is error")
current_app.logger.critical("this is critical")
return "ok"
# 输出日志
# 2019-03-18 22:02:58,718[flask.app][WARNING] :30: this is warning
# 2019-03-18 22:02:58,718[flask.app][ERROR] :40: this is error
# 2019-03-18 22:02:58,719[flask.app][CRITICAL] :50: this is critical
# 2019-03-18 22:04:03,991[flask.app][WARNING] :30: this is warning
# 2019-03-18 22:04:03,992[flask.app][ERROR] :40: this is error
# 2019-03-18 22:04:03,992[flask.app][CRITICAL] :50: this is critical
- 第二种方法(),输出日志是在某个文件产生的。
import logging
from flask import Blueprint
bp = Blueprint("test", __name__, url_prefix='/test')
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) #返回一个新的以文件名为名的logger
@bp.route('',methods=["GET"])
def test():
logger.info("this is info")
logger.debug("this is debug")
logger.warning("this is warning")
logger.error("this is error")
logger.critical("this is critical")
return "ok"
# 输出日志
# 2019-03-20 22:05:44,705 [app.test] [ERROR] :40: this is error
# 2019-03-20 22:05:44,705 [app.test] [CRITICAL] :50: this is critical
总结
- 本文主要介绍了Python logging模块的简单使用,读者可根据自身需要进行深入学习。
- 本文介绍Flask的官方日志配置配置方法以及工厂模式下蓝图如何使用Flask自带logger。
- 实现yaml文件配置Flask日志配置,以及两种不同的输出日志选项(Flask自带logger及文件名logger)。
- 下一篇将介绍如何设计实现FlaskRestful标准化接口。
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