|
每周二、五 18 : 10 按时送达  在远程和边缘数据中心的单相UPS中 使用锂离子电池作为备用电源的优势 1 The Advantages of Using Lithium-Ion Batteries as A Backup Power Source in Single-Phase UPS Applications for Remote and Edge Data Centers 1 分支机构、服务器机房和网络间如何从使用锂离子电池系统中获益 How Branch Offices, Server Rooms, and Network Closets Can Benefit from Using Lithium-Ion Battery Systems 摘要 Executive Summary 锂离子电池是数百万消费类设备的常见电源。但是，它们现在被采用并应用于不间断电源（UPS）中，以作为确保数据中心关键任务基础设施的停机时间的一种手段。对于希望部署分布式计算和边缘网络的公司而言，锂离子电池非常适合在远程位置与 IT 部署一起使用。锂离子电池比铅酸电池的性能更可靠，维护要求更少，功率密度也更高。锂离子电池的续航时间是铅酸电池的2-3倍，从而减少了电池更换量，降低了人工成本。此外，锂离子电池还包括电池监控系统 （BMS） 和其他功能，有助于确保电池安全运行。虽然锂离子电池的初始成本仍然高于铅酸电池，但这一成本差异正在缩小。锂离子电池现在只需 5 年时间即可提供比铅酸电池更低的总拥有成本（TCO）。在 UPS 的典型使用寿命内，估计锂离子电池系统可节省 40% 或以上的 TCO。 Lithium-ion batteries are a common power source for millions of consumer devices. But they are now being adopted for use with Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) applications, as a means of ensuring uptime for mission-critical infrastructure in data centers. For companies wishing to deploy distributed computing and edge networks, lithium-ion batteries are ideal for use with IT deployments in remote locations. Lithium-ion batteries offer more reliable performance, require less maintenance, and have a higher power density than lead acid batteries. Lithium-ion batteries last 2-3 times longer than lead-acid batteries, resulting in fewer battery replacements and lower labor costs. Also, lithium-ion batteries include a Battery Monitoring System (BMS) and other features that help to ensure safe battery operation. While the initial cost of lithium-ion batteries is still higher than lead acid batteries, this cost difference is shrinking. Lithium-ion batteries can now provide a lower total cost of ownership (TCO) than lead acid batteries in as little as 5 years. Over the typical service life of a UPS, it is estimated that a lithium-ion battery system can provide a TCO savings of 40% or more. 介绍 Introduction 如果您的公司需要建立本地化的 IT 资源，您可能正在考虑在远程位置投资并部署多个 IT 占用空间，作为分布式计算或边缘网络的一部分。例如，如果您是银行、金融或零售公司，则可能需要在分支机构或商店设置 IT 部署。如果您是教育或医疗保健组织，您可能需要在广泛地理范围内的多个学院校园或医院内部署 IT占用空间。如果您是一家工业公司，您可能需要在若干个制造设施中建立边缘计算基础设施。托管这些本地化 IT 占用空间的场所包括小型数据中心、服务器机房和网络间。通常，这些远程部署将依靠单相 UPS 为其 IT 基础设施供电，而不是三相 UPS（这是更大型IT设施的典型应用）。但与三相UPS一样，单相 UPS 系统也需要可靠的存储能源。他们需要一个电池系统，在 UPS 必须为负载提供备用电源的关键时刻能够正常运行。在过去的五年中，在传统数据中心，锂离子电池已经作为存储能源开始使用。在本白皮书中，我们将了解如何在远程任务关键型环境和边缘数据中心中使用锂离子电池来支持单相 UPS 系统。 If your company has a need to establish localized IT resources, you may be thinking of investing in and deploying multiple IT footprints in remote locations, as part of a distributed computing or edge network. For example, if you're a banking, financial, or retail company, you may want to set up IT deployments at branch offices or store locations. If you're an education or healthcare organization, you may want to deploy IT footprints on several college or hospital campuses over a wide geographic range. If you're an industrial company, you may want to establish edge computing infrastructure at several manufacturing facilities. The venues used for hosting these localized IT footprints include small data centers, server rooms, and network closets. Often, these remote deployments will rely on a single-phase UPS to power their IT infrastructure – as opposed to a three-phase UPS, which is typical of larger facilities. But like their three-phase counterparts, single-phase UPS systems require a reliable stored energy source. They need a battery system that will operate correctly at the crucial moment when the UPS must deliver backup power to the load. In the past five years, lithium-ion batteries have come into use as a stored energy source in traditional data centers. In this white paper, we'll look at how these types of batteries can also be used to support single-phase UPS systems in remote mission-critical environments and edge data centers. 一项获得诺贝尔奖的技术 A Nobel Prize-Winning Technology 2019年11月9日，瑞典皇家科学院向三位科学家颁发了诺贝尔化学奖，他们在上世纪70年代和80年代的研究导致了当今锂离子电池的开发。前两位获奖者，美国的迈克尔·斯坦利·惠廷汉姆和约翰·巴尼斯特·古迪纳夫，开发出了锂离子电池中最初的化学成分;第三位是日本的吉野彰，他制造了第一款商用可充电锂离子电池，1991年被索尼公司采用，用于为手持摄像机供电。多亏了这些科学家，锂离子电池现在常见于日常消费品中，从手机、笔记本电脑和电动工具到混合动力和自动驾驶汽车，应有尽有。锂离子电池还可用作电网的备用资源，并正作为太阳能电池板和风力涡轮机等无碳能源的存储解决方案投入使用。在过去五年中，制造商开发了专为数据中心 UPS 应用设计的锂离子电池解决方案。 On November 9, 2019, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to three scientists whose research in the 1970s and 1980s led to the development of today's lithium-ion batteries. The first two award recipients, M. Stanley Whittingham and John B. Goodenough of America, developed the initial chemistries used in lithium-ion batteries; the third, Akira Yoshino of Japan, created the first commercial rechargeable lithium-ion battery, which was adopted in 1991 by Sony for powering hand-held camcorders. Thanks to these scientists, lithium-ion batteries are now common in everyday consumer products, powering everything from cell phones, laptops, and power tools to hybrid and self-driving vehicles. Lithium-ion batteries also serve as a backup resource for electrical grids, and are coming into use as a storage solution for carbon-free energy sources such as solar panels and wind turbines. And within the past five years，manufacturers have developed lithium-ion battery solutions that are specifically designed for UPS applications in data centers. UPS 电池的用途 – 传统数据中心与远程数据中心 The Purpose of UPS Batteries — Traditional vs. Remote Data Centers 在传统的数据中心中，电池系统是一种重要的故障安全设备。停电时，在数据中心切换到辅助电源（如第二个公用电源或发电机）的几分钟内，电池组为 UPS 供电。但在边缘数据中心或远程 IT 部署中，电池的功能可能略有不同。在许多情况下，电池系统是该设施的辅助电源。如果发生停电，电池可能会为 UPS 提供 30 分钟或更长时间的备用电。如果没有替代电源的功能，这些远程站点依靠 UPS 电池的存储能量提供足够的时间来恢复实用程序，或者 IT 管理员将虚拟 IT 环境迁移到稳定的站点，或者让操作系统对连接的设备进行自动控制电源关闭。在这两种情况下，对于传统数据中心或远程数据中心，电池系统的目的都是相同的。电池通过保持 IT 基础架构的运行，有助于确保数据中心的正常运行时间。因此，传统、远程或边缘设施必须拥有可靠的电池系统，以确保 UPS 的持续运行以及 IT 设备的持续可用性。 In traditional data centers, the battery system is an important fail-safe device. In the event of a power outage, strings of batteries provide power to the UPS during the several minutes of ride-through time in which the data center switches over to an auxiliary power source, such as a second utility feed or generator. But in edge data centers or remote IT deployments, the function of the battery may be slightly different. In many cases, the battery system IS the auxiliary power source for that facility. If a power outage occurs, the batteries may provide backup power to the UPS for 30 minutes or more. Without alternative power capability, these remote sites rely on stored energy from the UPS batteries to provide adequate time for the utility to be restored, or for IT administrators to migrate virtual IT environments to stable sites, or for the operations systems to conduct an automatic controlled power shutdown of connected equipment. In either case, for traditional or remote data centers, the purpose of the battery system is the same. The battery helps to ensure uptime by keeping the IT infrastructure operational. As such, a traditional, remote, or edge facility must have a reliable battery system to ensure continuous operation of the UPS, and ongoing availability of the IT equipment. 铅酸电池的缺点 The Drawbacks of Lead Acid Batteries 直到最近，铅酸电池一直是为 UPS 应用提供存储能源的首选资源。 数据中心最常用的电池类型是阀控式铅酸电池，缩写VLRA。但是铅酸电池有缺点，使得它们在数据中心使用的风险和成本很高。大多数数据中心业主和工程师会告诉你，铅酸电池是配电链中最薄弱的环节。它们是最有可能在最需要的时候失败的元素。在传统数据中心设施中部署和管理铅酸电池已经够难了。但是，当 VRLA 电池用于远程设施和边缘数据中心时，这些相同的缺点会产生一系列新的问题，增加了使用它们的麻烦和成本。这些缺点包括： Until recently, lead acid batteries have been the go-to source for providing stored energy for UPS applications. The most common types of batteries used in data centers are Valve-Regulated Lead Acid batteries, or VLRAs. But lead acid batteries have drawbacks that make them risky and expensive to use in data centers. Most data center owners and engineers will tell you that lead acid batteries are the weakest link in their power distribution chain. They are the element that is most likely to fail at the moment when they are most needed. It's hard enough to deploy and manage lead acid batteries in traditional facilities. But when VRLA batteries are used in remote facilities and edge data centers, these same drawbacks produce a new set of problems that increase the trouble and cost of using them. The drawbacks include: 不可靠的性能 Unreliable Performance UPS 装置由铅酸蓄电池组供电，其中任何单个电池都可能是故障点。 如果只有一个电池出现故障，它会导致数据中心的整个 UPS 系统出现故障。 派内蒙研究所 2013 年的一项研究发现，55% 的计划外的数据中心故障和所有UPS系统故障的三分之一是由于VRLA电池故障造成的。（注：虽然此研究侧重于传统数据中心，但我们看到与边缘应用中的停机时间特征非常相似。） UPS units are powered by strings of lead acid batteries, in which any individual battery can be a point of failure. If just one battery fails, it can bring down the data center's entire UPS system. A 2013 study by the Ponemon Research Institute found that 55% of unplanned data center outages, and one-third of all UPS system failures, were due to failure of VRLA batteries. (NOTE: While this study was focused on traditional data centers, we see very similar characteristics of downtime in edge applications.) 计划外停机的根本原因 Root Causes of Unplanned Downtime 图1：超过50%的非计划停电因电池故障导致（2013派内蒙研究） 短寿命 Short Life 铅酸蓄电池必须每3-5 年更换一次。 其使用寿命取决于电池的放电和充电频率。但是，电池过充电、频繁放电循环、电池端子拉伤、连接松动以及设施内环境温度升高等因素都会缩短电池的使用寿命。当电池达到 80% 的容量时，它被视为使用寿命终止 （EOL）。性能下降通常会在这个时候加速，电池失去提供足够电压的能力。 Lead acid batteries must be replaced every 3-5 years. Their useful service life is determined by how often the batteries are discharged and recharged. But factors such as overcharging, frequent discharge cycles, strained battery terminals, loose connections, and higher ambient temperatures in the facility can shorten the battery's useful life. When the battery reaches 80% capacity, it is considered end of life (EOL). Performance degradation typically accelerates at this point, and the battery loses its ability to provide sufficient voltage. 一段时间内的典型VRLA电池容量 Typical VRLA Battery Capacity over Time 图2 电池容量临界测定 如图 2 所示，使用三年后，VRLA电池的容量开始下降。使用五年后，这种下降变得更加陡峭。较旧电池可能容易受到'猝死综合症'的影响，即电池一天工作正常，但第二天无法提供足够的电量，从而导致 UPS 故障和数据中心停机。 As seen in Figure 2, after three years of use, the VRLA battery's capacity begins to drop off. This drop becomes even steeper after five years of use. Older batteries may be vulnerable to 'sudden death syndrome,' in which a battery works fine one day, but fails to provide sufficient power the next day, resulting in a UPS failure and data center downtime. 更换之痛 Pain of Replacement 使用寿命短，加上可能出现故障，意味着铅酸蓄电池必须每3-5年更换一次，或者在UPS的10年使用寿命内更换2-3次。基于电池使用的时间，预防性维护窗口被广泛用于更换整个电池系统。数据中心业主和工程师在大量部署 VRLA 电池时，面临着一个永久性的更换周期。 The short useful life combined with their potential for failure means that lead acid batteries must be replaced every 3-5 years, or 2 to 3 times over the 10-year life of your UPS. Preventive maintenance windows are widely used to replace entire battery systems, based on the amount of time the batteries have been in use. Data center owners and engineers face a perpetual replacement cycle when they deploy VRLA batteries in high quantities. 持续的更换成本和人工费用增加了电池系统的 TCO。当铅酸电池用于多个远程位置时，这些费用会进一步放大。通常，在将新电池发送到远程设施以及派遣维护人员安装电池时，您必须考虑旅行时间、运输和交通的额外费用。 The ongoing cost of replacement and labor expenses adds to the TCO of the battery system. These expenses are further magnified when lead acid batteries are used in multiple remote locations. Often, you must factor in additional costs of travel time, shipping, and transportation in sending new batteries out to the remote facilities, and in sending maintenance personnel out to install them. 尺寸和重量 Size and Weight 铅酸蓄电池需要宝贵的机架空间，那些原是会用于IT基础设施。这在任何 IT 环境中都是一个问题，尤其是在小型远程设施（如服务器机房、网络间和集装箱单元）中，IT 服务器的空间更加有限。此外，铅酸电池很重且难以移动，这增加了在远程设施中安装或更换电池的人工时间和成本。 Lead acid batteries require valuable rack space that might otherwise be used for IT infrastructure. This is a problem in any IT environment, but especially in small, remote facilities such as server rooms, network closets, and containerized units, where space for IT servers is even more limited. Also, lead acid batteries are heavy and difficult to move, which adds to the labor time and cost for installing or replacing the batteries in remote facilities. 温度灵敏度 Temperature Sensitivity 电池的使用寿命受电池工作温度的强烈影响，即使电池不是在充电和放电循环。使用铅酸电池时，需要控制室温在77°F （25°C），以确保电池3-5 年的使用寿命。每增加 15°C 室温，典型 VRLA 电池的使用寿命将缩短一半。虽然任何数据中心设施的冷却成本都会增加电池的TCO，但控制远程设施的温度甚至更加困难。 The useful life of a battery is strongly affected by the battery's operating temperature, even if the battery is not experiencing charging and discharging cycles. With lead acid batteries, a controlled room temperature of 77°F (25°C) is necessary, in order to ensure a 3-5year lifespan. With every 15°C increase in room temperature, the useful life of a typical VRLA battery is cut in half. While the cost of cooling in any data center facility adds to the TCO of the batteries, it's even harder to control temperatures in remote facilities. - To be continued -
微信号 : DeepKnowledge 头条号：DeepKnowledge |
|
|
