一、宾语概览 宾语是动作、行为的对象,是动作的承受者。 不同词类作宾语 1.名词作宾语 She is playing the piano now. 2. 代词作宾语 We all like him. 3. 数词作宾语 Give me four. 4. the+形容词/v-ed/v-ing结构作宾语。 1) The young should respect the old . 2) They went to help the dying and the wounded. 3) They are searching for the lost. 5.不定式作宾语 We all like to go to school. 注意: I don’t know what to do next. 6.动名词作宾语 那么句子可以做宾语吗? 答案是可以 试着比较下面几个句子: I don't know the phone number. I don't know what his phone number is. I don't know if this is his phone number. 以上三句都以句子作为句子的宾语部分 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句 二、宾语从句 宾从三要素:连词、语序、时态 引导词(连词): 1.由that引导陈述句意思的宾语从句,that 只有语法的作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体可省略。 2.If/whether 引导一般疑问句或者选择疑问句意思的宾语从句,意思为“是否”。 3.who,whom,whose,what,which和when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 语序: 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,即“主语S+谓语V+……” 如:He asks,”Is he a student?”(疑问语序) He asks if he is a student.(陈述语序) 时态: 含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容: 1)如果主句的谓语动词是现在时(也可以现在完成时等),从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态。如: He studies English everyday. He is studying English now. He says (that)he will study English tomorrow. He studied English yesterday. He has studied English for 5 years. “主现从不限” 2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要,选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如: ①The children didn't know who he was. 孩子们不知道他是谁。 ②He asked his father how it had happened. 他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。 *变化前后对比: “主过从过” 3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时。如: The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 老师说过地球绕着太阳转。 |
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