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中考英语必考这几种类型从句,孩子掌握了吗?

 昵称47120388 2017-10-13

从句

由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子就是复合句。主句是全句的主体。从句是全句的一个成分,它在句子中作什么成分,就叫什么成分的从句。如作状语的就叫状语从句,作宾语的就叫宾语从句,作定语的就叫定语从句。初中阶段要求掌握状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句的简单用法。

【状语从句命题趋势】用一个句子(从句)来作另一个句子(主句)的状语,用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。例如:条件状语从句就是用一个句子来作条件状语。

1.考查时间状语从句。

2.考查原因状语从句

3.考查地点状语从句。

4.考查结果状语从句

5.考查条件状语从句。

6.考查让步状语从句。

7.考查伴随状语从句。

8.考查方式状语从句

状语从句概述

用来修饰主句中的动词,副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。

状语从句的语序应是主语+谓语+其他成分,即陈述句的语序。状语从句的位置,可以放在主句前面或后面,但是若放在主句前面,要用逗号与主句分开;主句若是疑问句,那么时间状语从句只能放在主句的前面。

根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句,地点状语从句,条件状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,比较状语从句,目的状语从句,让步状语从句。

(一)时间状语从句

(1)时间状语从句常由when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。

I went to bed after the TV play was ever.

It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.

While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.

(2)在时间状语从句里,通常不用将来时态,而要用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。

I'll write to you as soon as I get to Beijing. 我一到北京就将写信给你。

won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.

(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是“一直到……时”,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式,其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。

The young man read till the light went out.

Let’s wait until the rain stops.

We won’t start until Bob comes.

Don’t get off until the bus stops.

(4)①when,while都有“当……时候”的意思。when既可表示某一点时间,也可以表示某一段时间。在when引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的,可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生,也可在其后发生。

2.Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候,你在写信吗?

3.When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。

②while只能表示某一段时间,不能表示某一点时间。在while引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词只能是延续性的,而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。 例如:

1、While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正当吉姆修自行车时,林涛来看他。 2、You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV. 你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。

③另外,when和while的区别还在于:while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态,而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。 例如: 1、While they were talking , the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候,上课铃响了。 2、I was doing my homework when my mothercame back home yesterdayevening. 昨天晚上妈妈回家的时候,我正在做家庭作业。when/while都可做并列连词.前者表and at that time,(这时,突然),后者表对比,可译为”然而”I was going downstairs when the telephone rang.Lucy is in blue while Lily is in green. when后加瞬间动词 while后也可加持续性动词

(二)地点状语从句

地点状语从句常常由where来引导。

Go where you like.

(三)条件状语从句

(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。

What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?

(2)在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。

I’ll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.

(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。

Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

(四)原因状语从句

(1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。

He didn’t come to school because he was ill.

(2) because, as, since, for都是表示各种理由的连词,但because because表示直接原因,语气最强,故because所引导的从句常放在句末。回答由why提出的问题,只能用because。As和since语气较弱,一般用来表示明显的原因,两者皆多用于句首。

------Why aren’t going there?

------Because I don’t want to.

As it is raining, let's stay as home. 因为下雨,我们就留在家里吧。

Since we have no money, we can’t buy it.

(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。because of也是表示原因状语,但后面只能跟短语。

I stayed at home because of the bad weather. 因为天气不好我留在家里。

(五)结果状语从句

(1)结果状语从句由so…that, such…that, so that引导。

He is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son.

She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.

My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn’t see it.

(2)so…that语such...that可以互换。

在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中,so是副词,与形容词或副词连用。其结构是: “...so + 形容词(副词)+ that + 从句”。

He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word.

The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.

Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.

在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中,such是形容词,它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词,也可以是

不可数名词;名词前面可以带形容词,也可不带。如果是单数可数名词,前面需加不定冠词a或an。

It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.

He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.

He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.

有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。

It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.

=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.

(3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时,只能用so, 不用such。

He has so little time that he can’

t go to the cinema with you.

(4)由so…that引导的状语从句若是表示否定意思,可以用too…to(太…而不能)来替换。

She was so angry that she could not say a word.

=She was too angry to say a word. 她气得说不出话来

(六)比较状语从句

比较状语从句由than或as来引导。

This problem i

s more difficult than that one (is). 这道题比那道题难。

(七)目的状语从句

(1)目的状语从句通常由 so that等引导。

He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.

(2)so that既可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个:①目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。②从意思上看,目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如:

Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)

Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)

(八)让步状语从句

(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导。

Although I am tired, I must go on working.

(2) 汉语中的“虽然…但是…”在英语中只用连词though就可以了,或单独使用but连接两个并列句也可以,但不能在一个句子中同时用这两个连词。

不能说:Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.

应该说:Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out.

二、宾语从句

宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语。

【速记口诀】

宾语从句须注意,几点事项应牢记。

一是关键引导词,不同句子词相异。

陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否(if,whether)替;特殊问句更好办,引导还用疑问词。

二是时态常变化,主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时,从句时态应看意;主句若为过去时,从句时态向前移。

三是语序要记清,从句永保陈述序。

【妙语诠释】宾语从句应注意三点:

①引导词,陈述句一般由that引导,这时的that可以省略;一般疑问句则由if或whether引导;而特殊疑问句则由特殊疑问词引导。

②时态,主句是现在时态,从句可用所需要的任何时态;但如果主句是过去时态,从句时态所表示时间一般往前移一个时间段。

③语序,宾语从句永远要用陈述句顺序。

定语从句

(一)定语从句的基本概念

在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的有关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等,关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。

This is the boy who often helps me.

【定语从句命题趋势与预测】

根据对定语从句部分全国各省市中考试题的分析可知,今后该部分仍将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为:

1.定语从句的功用和结构

2.关系代词和关系副词的功用

3.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

【考点诠释】

一、考查以that与which引导的定语从句m

1.通常只能用that的情况

1)当先行词是不定代词a11,few,little,much,something,anything,nothing,everything等时。

2)先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级以及被a11,any,every,each,few,little,no,some,

the only.the very.the last等修饰时。

如果先行词既指人又指物,应用关系代词that。

二、考查以who,whom与whose引导的定语从句m

(1)如果先行词是指人的不定代词anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,nobody,one,ones,those,all(指人)等作先行词,作主语用who,作宾语用whom。who而不用which。

(2)在非限制性定语从句中,指人作主语用who,作宾语用whom,who。

(3)在定语从句中,作定语的关系代词只能用whose,它相当于the+名词+of +which/whom;非限制性定语从句中还有“代词/数词+of +which/whom'结构。

中考英语必考这几种类型从句,孩子掌握了吗?

中考英语必考这几种类型从句,孩子掌握了吗?

中考英语必考这几种类型从句,孩子掌握了吗?

中考英语必考这几种类型从句,孩子掌握了吗?

中考英语必考这几种类型从句,孩子掌握了吗?

中考英语必考这几种类型从句,孩子掌握了吗?

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