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往年高考英语长难句解析(二)

 拾叁亿人 2020-08-18
往年高考英语长难句解析(二)

21. If life weren’t a battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.(2015全国新课标Ⅰ阅读理解D篇)

【解析】本句If引导的条件状语从句用了虚拟语气;主句中的just to speak作定语修饰place。

【翻译】如果人生不是一场战争,人们也不会需要一个仅仅去说话的特殊场所了。

22. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.(2015全国新课标Ⅰ阅读七选五)

【解析】本句中when引导的是时间状语从句;that引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词a lack of trust。此外,句中还包含一个where引导的定语从句,修饰先行词action。

【翻译】但如果一段关系中缺乏信任,过错之人不为错误负责,你也无法获得成功。

23. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often 2less self-conscious (难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places —— and so more likely to eat lots of food.(2015全国新课标Ⅱ阅读理解B篇)

【解析】本句中for引导表示原因的分句,分句中less self-conscious和后面的so more likely to eat lots of food是并列表语,分句中还有一个由when引导的时间状语从句。

【翻译】黑暗的环境更容易鼓励过量饮食,因为人们在灯光昏暗的地方很少会难为情——所以更可能吃大量的食物。

24. The gap-year phenomenon originated (起源) with the months left over to 2xbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.(2015全国新课标Ⅱ阅读理解C篇)

【解析】本句中,句子主干是The gap-year phenomenon originated (起源) with the months, left over to Oxbridge applicants是过去分词短语作后置定语, between…and…是介词短语作定语,修饰的都是the months。

【翻译】间隔年现象起源于牛津大学和剑桥大学申请在11月份入学考试至下一学年开始前空出的那几个月时间。

25. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.(2015全国新课标Ⅱ阅读七选五)

【解析】本句是由so连接的两个并列句;which引导的是宾语从句,作say的宾语;as you shop 是由as引导的时间状语从句。

【翻译】没人能说哪个品牌最适合你或你穿哪一双脚最舒服,因此在购买时,你不得不根据你的经验和对每一双鞋的感觉。

26. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect (感染) other students.(2016全国新课标甲卷阅读理解B篇)

【解析】本句为复合句;that引导的是宾语从句,作meant的宾语;在宾语从句中包含了由whose 引导的定语从句,关系词whose在从句中作定语,表示所属关系。

【翻译】他的出现意味着课堂上我有一个意料之外的教学助手,他的创造力会感染其他学生。

27. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.(2016全国新课标甲卷阅读理解C篇)

【解析】Then the person leaves it in a public place为句子的主干,hoping that...是现在分词作伴随状语,that引导的是宾语从句,在宾语从句中又包含了一个现在分词短语traveling...作伴随状语;此外,在后一个伴随状语中还包含了一个由who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词reader。

【翻译】然后,大家可以把它(书)留在一个公共场合,希望这本书经历一场冒险,随着每个发现它的新读者来一场遥远广阔的旅行。

28. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.(2016全国新课标甲卷阅读理解D篇)

【翻译】Shackleton,一个曾经的英国上船船队军官,在1908年到达过距离南极点不足100英里的地方,在他1914年航海前开始做生意来从电影和摄影中赚钱。

【解析】Shackleton started a business.为句子主干,a onetime British merchant-navy officer 为Shackleton的同位语,同时作定语从句who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908的先行词,before his 1914 voyage 为时间状语,to make...为不定式作目的状语。

29. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published..(2016全国新课标甲卷阅读理解D篇)

【解析】Frank Hurley was hired.为句子主干,a confident and gifted Australian photographer 为Frank Hurley的同位语,同时作定语从句who knew the Antarctic的先行词,to make...为不定式短语作目的状语,此外,还有一个which引导的非限制定语从句,修饰先行词images。

【翻译】Frank Hurley,一个自信的,有天赋的,对南极洲有了解的澳大利亚摄影师,被雇佣去拍照,其中大部分图片以前从未被发表过。

30. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.(2016全国新课标甲卷阅读七选五)

【解析】It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding为句子主干,在understanding后有who和how引导的两个宾语从句。

【翻译】它始于窥探自己的内心,和明白就自然界而言你是谁,以及如何处理园艺工作流程。(with respect to“就……而言,关于”)

31. The woman sitting at the desk, seeing my madness, sympathetically jumped up.(2016全国新课标甲卷完形填空)

【解析】本句的主干为The woman jumped up, sitting at the desk为现在分词短语作后置定语, seeing my madness为原因状语。

【翻译】坐在桌子旁的她,看到了我疯狂的举动,同情地跳了起来。

32. It could be anything — gardening, cooking, music, sports — but whatever it is, make sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.(2016全国新课标甲卷完形填空)

【解析】本句是由but连接的两个并列分句,在后一个分句中含有一个whatever引导的状语从句,主句是一个祈使句。

【翻译】它可以是任何事——园艺活、做饭、音乐或是运动——但是不管是什么事,一定要确保它是一件放松日常压力而不是另外一件需要担心的事情。

33. If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.(2016全国新课标乙卷阅读理解A篇)

【解析】本句为复合句,主句为the environmental movement might not exist today,if引导条件状语从句。注意本句使用了虚拟语气,表示对现在的虚拟。

【翻译】如果不是Rachel Carson的话,今天的环保运动就可能不会存在。

34. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Garza finally say yes.( 2016全国新课标乙卷阅读理解B篇)

【解析】本句为倒装句,当only+状语位于句首,引起部分倒装,句子可还原为“Ms Garza finally say yes only after a year of friendly discussion”。

【翻译】经过一年友好的协商之后,Garza女士才最终同意。

35. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.(2016全国新课标乙卷阅读理解B篇)

【解析】本句是由but连接的两个并列分句,前一个分句and并列两个谓语动词表示顺承关系,后一个分句中it为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式。

【翻译】几乎每个祖父母都想和自己的孙子住在一起并愿意做出牺牲,但有时拒绝而取而代之以经常探访更为明智。

36. For this courier job, you’re consciously aware that in that box you’ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life. ( 2016全国新课标乙卷阅读理解C篇)

【解析】本句为复合句,前一个that引导宾语从句,在宾语从句中包含了一个that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词something。

【翻译】对于这个递送的工作,你意识到在那个箱子里放的很可能是挽救别人生命的东西。

37. Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.(2016全国新课标乙卷阅读理解D篇)

【解析】本句的主句为Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence, when引导时间状语从句,在时间状语从句中,their patients may be experiencing 为定语从句,修饰先行词anxiety。

【翻译】当护士和其他看护者遇到的病人可能经历个人焦虑时,他们需要知道沉默的可能含义。

38. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.(2016全国新课标乙卷阅读理解D篇)

【解析】本句中when引导的是时间状语从句;what may be implied为主语从句,that引导表语从句,在表语从句中,包含了一个what引导的宾语从句,作consider的宾语。

【翻译】因此,当一个来自其中某个文化群体的人在说话的时候突然停住时,可能是在暗示讲话者希望听众在继续(讲下去)之前思考一下刚才所讲的内容。

39. Approaching the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.(2016全国新课标乙卷完形填空)

【解析】本句中现在分词短语Approaching the vehicle作状语,that引导宾语从句,作saw的宾语,broken为过去分词作定语。

【翻译】他们走进这辆车,看到一位妇女试图从破了的车窗爬出来。

40. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.(2016全国新课标乙卷语法填空)

【解析】本句为主从复合句,其中when引导非限制性定语从句,修饰the mid-1980s,过去分词短语permitted…作定语修饰reporter。

【翻译】但我和熊猫的联系可以追溯到20世纪80年代中期的一档电视节目中,我是第一个被允许拍摄野外营救挨饿的熊猫影片的西方电视台记者。

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