英语词法：50个介词的常见用法

u 1.about

1）关于 He is eager to know everything about the farm．他急于知道有关农场的一切事情． You must tell me all about your experiences in Tibet.你应该把你在西藏的所见所闻都告诉我． She talked about the weather．她谈到天气河到处、在周围 They went about the town．他们在镇上选了一圈．

2)为…，对… What have you been busy about today? 今天在忙些什么？ You are certainly very thoughtful about others. 你为别人想得太周到了。 I'm strict about such things. 对这些事我是很严格的。

3) 到处，在周围 They went about the town. 他们在镇上逛了一圈。 They put a fence about the house. 他们在房屋周围筑有篱笆。

u 2.above（与below相反）

1）在…上头，高出 The airplane is flying above the clouds．飞机在云彩上飞机 This mountah1s five hundred meters above the sea．这座山海拔500米．

2) 以上，超过（数量、年龄等） The machine weighs above ten tons. 这台机器有十多吨重。 The number was above ten． 为数在十以上．

u 3. across

l）横过 There is a new bridge across the river．河上有一座新桥． The policeman helped the old woman across the street．警察扶着老太太过马路．

2) 在…对面，在那一边 The repair shop is across the river．使理店在河对岸．

u 4.after 在…后（与 before相反） Every afternoon he called to ask after his girl friend. 他每天下午都打电话问候他的女朋友。 The boy takes after his father. 这男孩长得像他父亲。 The dogs went after the wounded deer. 一群狗在追赶那只受伤的鹿。

u 5.against

1）靠着 Don't stand against the door．不要靠门站着． Shell we Put the bookcase against the wall？我们把书橱靠着墙放好吗?

2）反对（与for相反） Why are you so much against me？你为什么那么反对我？ He is against the Proposal．他反对这个建议．

u 5. along 沿着，顺着 Groups of schoolgirls walked along the street．一群群女学生沿着马路走． Trees grew along the road．公路两旁种着树．

u 6.among在…当中 They saw a village among the hills．他们看到群山中有个村庄． This is a common mistake among students．这是学生当中一个普遍的错误． The teacher divided the books among the students．老师把书本发给学生。 The train runs between Beijing and Tianjin．这列火车在北京和天津之间行驶。

u 7.around

l）在...的周围 There are many trees around the lake．湖周围有很多树． They sat around the table·他们围着桌子坐着．

2）在…那一边，在转过…的地方 The grocery is just around the corner.杂货店拐角过去就是。

u 8.as作为 We are learning French as a second foreign language.我们在把法语作为第二外国语学习． My father began to work as a driver when he was twenty years old.我父亲二十岁时开始当司机．

u 9.at 1）在（小地方或地理上的一点） They are staying at a hotel near here．他们住在附近一家旅馆里。 We arrived at the station in the evening．我们于晚上抵达火车站． 2）在（时间的一点，如几点几分） We have lunch at twelve．我们十二点吃午饭． We got home at midnight．我们子午夜到家． 3）在…的旁边（往往有目的） The school bus will be ready at the gate tomorrow at 8．明天上午八点校门口将有校车． They trembled at the sight of the peasant's spears. 看到农民的梭标，他们阵阵发抖。 4）向 Somebody is knocking at the door．有人敲门． What are you looking at？你在看什么？ 5）对（一般用于表示感情的动词之后） He was surprised at the changes in the village．他对村子的变化感到吃惊． 6）表示比率、速度、价格等 He ran at full speed．他尽快地跑． The car runs at the rate of sixty miles an hour．这辆汽车每小时行60英里． We sell goods at fixed price.我们按定价售货。 7)表示情绪、情感的原因，或对某物具有某种感情 They were overjoyed at his return to work. 他们对他重返工作感到欣喜。 They are alarmed at the growth of the liberation movement in the colonies. 他们对殖民地日益壮大的解放运动警觉起来。

u 10. before（与after相反） 1）在…的前面（位置） He is standing before the door．他正站在门前． 2) 在…之前（时间） Come and see me tomorrow anytime before eleven a.m．明天上午十一点钟以前来看我． He left for Beijing the day before yesterday.他前天去北京了．

u 11.behind在…的后面（与after不同，只能表位置，不能表示时间．） There are many trees behind the building.楼后面有许多村． I don't think Peter is behind the other boys in mathematics．我认为彼得的数学不比别的孩子差．

u 12.below在…的下面，低下地（与 above相反） Please sign your name below the line．请在这条线的下面签字． Oil usually lies thousands of feet below the earth's surface.石油通常理藏在地下几千英尺． The temperature is three degrees below zero.温度是零下三度。

u 13.beside 在...的旁边 Come and sit beside me．过来坐在我的旁边． There is a pumping-station beside the road.路旁有一个抽水站。

u 14.besides 除…外（还…） Besides English，they study world history and Chinese．他们除学英语外还学世界史和汉语． Besides giving the patients medical treatment, the doctors also do scientific research．医生除给病人看病外，还做科学研究． ·[注]besides 表示'除...之外，还...'，except 表示'把...不算在内'或'把...除去'．如： All except Xiao Li went.．除小李外都去了．（小李没有去） Besides Xiao Li。 many other comrades went. 除小李外，还有很多别的同志也去了．（小李去了）

u 15.between在...二者之间 Between the door and the window there is a refrigerator．在门和窗之间有一个冰箱． Do you know the difference between the two verbs 'bring' and 'take'？你知道bring和take这两个动词的区别吗

u 16.beyond l) 在那一边 There is a village beyond the hill.山的那一边有一个村庄。 The paper mill is beyond the river.造纸厂在河的那一边。 2) 超过能力范围 It's quite beyond me.这个我可干不了。

u 17.but 除去（=except） All but one came to the party.除了一个人之外大家都参加晚会了。 Bill lives in the next room but one to me.比尔的房间和我的隔一个门。

u 18.by 1) 被（常用于被动结构，后接动作的执行者） The woman was deeply moved by his selfless spirit.这位妇女被他的无私精神深深地感动了。 The song was sung by a good singer.这首歌是一位很好的歌唱家唱的。 The novel was written by Balzac.这本小说是巴尔扎克写的。 2) 在...的近旁 Come and sit by the fire.来坐在火炉旁边。 3) 在...之前，不迟于 Can you finish the work by tomorrow?你能在明天以前做完这项工作吗？ We shall have learned all the important grammar items by the end of the year.年底以前，我们将学完所有重要的语法项目。 He succeeded by working hard.他由于工作努力而获得成功。 You can go to the station by underground.你可以坐地铁到车站去。 4) 从旁经过，路过 When I go to the office, I pass by Beihai Park.我上班的时候要路过北海公园。 ·[注]by后跟名词表示交通工具的还有：by plane 或by air（坐飞机），by sea（乘船），by train（乘火车），by bus（坐公共汽车），by trolley-bus（坐无轨电车），by taxi（坐出租汽车）等。 by bus/train/air/spaceship… 乘公共汽车/火车/飞机/宇宙飞船 by lunch time, by then, by Friday 到午饭时止，到那时止，到周五止 by five yesterday afternoon 到昨天下午五点止 by me/Mr. Li … 由我/李先生…… by the window 靠窗户旁 by the end of … 到……底止 by the way 顺便说 (do sth.) by oneself 自己做…… by and by 不久以后

u 19.down沿...而下 The child fell down the stairs and broke his arm.小孩从楼梯上摔下来，跌断了胳臂。 Did you go down the pit?你下矿去了吗？ We walked down the hill before sunset.我们在日落以前下山。

u 20.during 在...时期当中 During the night, I heard someone scream.昨天夜里我听见有人尖叫。 He was in the army during the Anti-Japanese War.抗日战争期间他在军队里服役。

u 21.except 除...外（指例外，与besides不同） We all went except him.除他以外，我们都去了。 We have classes every day except Sunday.除星期天以外我们每天都有课。 The translation is well done except for a few small mistakes.除几处小错外，翻译练习做得很好。

u 22.for 1) 为 What can I do for yon？我可以为你效劳吗？ I bought it for you．这东西我是为你买的． 2) 对...而言 The boy is big for his age．照他的年纪来说，这男孩的个儿可不小． This lesson is too difficult for me．这课书对我来说是太难了． Chinese medical herbs are good for many illness．中草药能治好些病。 3）经历，经过（指时间和距离） We did exercises for one hour in the afternoon． 我们下午运动了一小时． The forest goes on for 30 miles．位片森林绵延 30英里． Mr. Johnson stayed in China for 2 weeks．约翰逊先生在中国待了两个星期． 4) 向 Early in the morning he left for the worksite．他一早就到工地去了． 5) 由于 His illness accounts for his absence. 他因病缺席。 I think he should be criticized for being late.我认为他迟到应该受到批评． 6) 给 Here's a letter for you.这儿有你的一封信． 7) 交换 I will give you this ball-pen for your fountain pen. 我愿用这支圆珠笔换你的钢笔。 My aunt bought a sewing machine for 150 yuan. 我的姑母花150元买了一台缝纫机。 8) 赞成 Are you for the proposal or against it? 对这一建议，你是赞成还是反对？ I'm all for doing the work on our own. 我完全赞成我们自己干这件工作。 9) 对（表示感情、才能等） He has a passion for study. 他热爱学习。 My mother's love for my grandparents is very great. 我母亲对我祖父母的爱是很深的。 She has a good ear for music. 她对音乐有鉴赏力。 by good for your eyes对你的眼睛有益 apologize to sb. for sth.为某事向某人道歉 buy sth. for sb.给某某人买东西 send for派（请） the tickets for tomorrow明天的票 thank for (the concert etc.)为……谢…… the books for children孩子们的书 be famous for 以……而著名 leave for 出发去…… wait for 等候××…… the money for the tickets购票的钱 be late for为……而迟到 ask for sth.请求某事 pay for付…… for example 例如 for ever 永远 10）虽然，尽管=in spite of I stick to my option for all that. 尽管如此，我还是坚持我的意见。 For all his shortcoming he is a good man. 他尽管有缺点，仍是个好人。

u 23.form 1) 从 He rose from his chair.他从椅子上站起来。 He works from morning to night. 他从早到晚工作。 2）来自, 来源、原因、起始 I often get letters from home. 我常收到家信。 All the characters in the book are drawn from real life. 书中所有的人物都来自于真实的生活。 3)免于，使不 He was excused from attendance at the lecture. 他获准可不去听课。 Stop the child from spoiling the book. 不要让孩子弄坏了书。 4) 分开，分离，隔开，离开 separate the good from the evil（把好的和坏的分开） remove from the city to the countryside（从城市移居乡村） part from a friend（断交） depart from one's hometown（背井离乡） keep away from dangerous things（远离危险） flee from prison（逃离监狱） keep (stand) aloof from the society（离群索居） rise from table（离席） fall from a tree（从树上掉下来） withdraw from a meeting（离会） move from one place to another（从一处迁至另一处） retire from one's work（退休） live apart from other people（离群独居） 5) 消失，消除 The plane soon disappeared from sight. 飞机很快消失不见了。 After hearing this, the smile fled from her face. 听到这里，她的笑容立即消失了。 Let us remove all doubts from our minds. 让我们消除相互间的猜疑吧。 6）禁止、戒除、免除、解除、除去、使免除、使脱离，有时具有否定意义 release sb. from his suffering（解除某人的痛苦） clear the land from trees（伐去地上的树木） free sb. from debts（免去某人的债务） dismiss sb. from his service（解除某人的职务） expel (dismiss) a student from school（开除学生） be excused from punishment（被免去处罚） be safe from danger（没有危险） be secure from danger（没有危险） be free from anxiety（无忧无虑） rescue a person from danger（救人于危难） deliver a person from danger（救人于危难） 7）防止、阻止、阻碍，有时具有否定意义 prevent sb. from doing sth.（防止、阻止某人做某事） keep sb. from doing sth.（阻止某人做某事） stop sb. from doing sth.（阻止某人做某事） hinder sb. from doing sth.（妨碍某人做某事） prohibit sb. from doing sth.（禁止、阻止某人做某事） discourage sb. from doing sth.（劝阻某人不去做某事） dissuade sb. from doing sth.（劝阻某人不去做某事） 8）不在、缺席 be absent from a class（缺课） absent oneself from class（缺课） be away from home（不在家） stay away from a place（不在某个地方） 9）隐藏、隐蔽、隐瞒 As a student, you should have no secret from you teachers. 作为学生，你不应该有任何隐瞒老师的事。 The house was hidden from view by the trees. 那座房屋被树遮着了。 He always tries to conceal his poverty from others. 他总是设法不让别人知道自己的贫困。 10）与tell, know, distinguish, discriminate, differ, different等词语搭配表示'区别' Chinese differs (is different) from Japanese in many ways. 汉语和日语在许多方面存在着差异。 It's not easy to tell a true friend from a false one. 辨别真假朋友不是件容易的事。 How would know an Englishman from an American? 你是怎么分辨英国人和美国人的？ You must learn to distinguish good from evil. 你必须学会辨别事情的好坏。 A little baby usually cannot discriminate one thing from another. 婴儿通常不能分辨两种东西。

u 24.in 1) 在…内（地方，着重范围） My parents live in the country. 我的双亲住在乡下。 London is in England. 伦敦在英格兰。 2）在一段时期内 It is very cold in Heilongjiang in winter. 黑龙江冬天很冷。 June 21 is the longer day in the year.6月21日是一年中最长的一天。 3）在…方面 She was completely absorbed in her own affairs. 她完全专注于自己的事务。 More than one person has been concerned in this. 不只一人牵涉到这件事。　 4) 用…语言 She keeps a diary in English. 她用英语写日记。 He is able to read technical is three foreign language. 他能阅读三种外文的技术资料。 5）身着 The PLA men is green uniform. 解放军身穿绿军装。 The man in blue is director lf the play.那位穿蓝衣服的人是这部话剧的导演。 6) 以…形式，以…方式 Let's arrange chairs in ten rows. 让我们把椅子排成十排吧。 In this way we helped to increase agricultural production. 我们就是这样促使农业提高了产量。 7）过…后（从现在算起来未来时间） I'll be back in a minuet. 我一会儿就回来。 In a day or two he will go abroad.他一两天后就要出国。

u 25.inside 在…的里面 He was standing just inside the door. 他正在门里面站着。 There is a Lu Xun Museum inside Fuchengmen ,Beijing.北京阜成们内有个鲁迅博物馆。

u 26.into 1) 进入 I put the pen into the drawer. 我把笔放进抽屉。 I will look into the matter. 我会查问这件事的。 2）变成 Comrade Wang, please translate the sentence into English. 王同志，请你把第一句译成英语。 The river divides the city into two parts. 这条河把全城分成两部分。

u 27.like 象 Like the earth, Mars goes round the sun, 火星象地球一样，围绕太阳运行。 This young man looks like my brother. 这个青年人象我的弟弟。

u 28.near 近于，在…附近 That hospital is near the sea.那所医院离海很近。 It was near midnight when they arrived. 他们到来时3已近午夜。

u 29.of 1）所有关系 Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。 It was the first day of the new term. 那是新学期的第一天。 the students of our school 我校学生 2）部分关系 a map of the world 一张世界地图 a group of students 一组（群）学生 3）描写关系 a man of thirty 三十岁的人 a man of Human 湖南人 4）承受动作 the writing of the letter 写信 5）同位关系 the city of Rose 罗马城 the port of Dalian 大连港 6）关于，对于 Never has one of them complained of all the trouble we give. 从来没有人抱怨我们带来这么多麻烦。 Carbon dioxide consists of carbon and oxygen. 二氧化碳由碳、氧两种元素组成。 7) 剥夺，有关 He has cheated me of my poverty. 他骗走了我的财产。 They are deprived of their rights as citizens. 他们的公民权都被剥夺了。

u 30.off 从…离开，脱离，离…不远 Keep off the grass. 不要践踏草地。 He fell off the bike.他从自行车上摔下来。 The island is off the south coast of China. 这个岛靠近中国南海岸。

u 31.on 1) 在与某物相接触的表面上 There is a beautiful calendar on the wall.墙上有一个漂亮的日历。 We spent the whole afternoon rowing on the lake..我们整个下午都在湖上划船。 2）在（某日或某日的上午、下午、晚上） My father was born on April 15,1935. 我父亲生于1935年4月15日。 They are usually free on Saturday afternoons. 他们通常是星期六下午有空。 3）在（边） Cars drive on the right side of the road in China.在中国，车辆靠路的右边行驶。 The speaker is on the left of the chairman. 作报告的人在主席的左边。 4）论述 This is a book on electronics.这是一本关于电子学的书。 5)…就… On entering the room, he found a guest waiting for him. 他一进房间就发现有位客人在等他。 6)凭借，产生某结果，接通 This kind of medicine acts on the heart. 这种药对心脏有好处。 The fine weather brings on the crops nicely. 好天气促使庄稼长势良好。 We count on you to help. 我们有赖你的帮助。 7)以…，对…，在某方面 Theory should be based on practice. 理论联系实际。 Congratulate on your success in the competition. 恭喜你竞赛获得成功。

u 32.out of 从…出来，在…之外 The boys rushed out of the classroom. 男孩子们从教室里冲了出去。 We spent a lot of time practicing English out of class. 我们在课外花了许多时间。

u 33.outside 在…外面（与inside相反） They waited for us outside the station. 他们在车站外面等我们。 The foreign visitors got a warm welcome at a village outside Shanghai. 外宾在上海郊区一个村子里受到热烈欢迎。

u 34.over 1) 在…之上（与under相反） A lamp is hanging over the table. 桌子上面吊着一盏灯。 2）遍于 The news spread over the city. 消息传遍全城。 He is known all over the world. 他闻名全球。 3) 俯临 The mother bent over the child. 妈妈俯身向着孩子。 4）超过，多于 We have now over thirty factories in the district. 我们区里现在有三十多个工厂。 6）超过 Can you jump over the ditch? 你能跳过这条沟吗？ He jumped over the wall.他跳过墙去。 6）关于（问题） We argued over the matter, but soon we reached an agreement.在这个问题上我们争论了起来，但很快就取得了一致意见。 7）优于 Our troops prevail over the enemy.我们的军队压倒敌人。 Transistors have many advantages over vacuum rubes.晶体管比真空管有许多优点。

u 35.past 过 at ten past five 在五点十分 at a quarter past one 在一点一刻

u 36.round 环绕，在各处 The earth goes round the sun. 地球围绕太阳旋转。 The director took the visitors round the factory. 厂长带着来宾参观工厂。

u 37.since 自…以来，自从 Since my last letter I have heard from him twice. 我上次经他写信后，收到他两封信。 I have been studying English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。

u 38.through通过 1) 通过（表示地点等） We have to pass through the town to get to the museum. 我们要穿过城才能到博物馆。 He read through the book carefully. 他仔细地读完了这本书。 2）由于，通过等（表示原因、方式等） We learn to speak English through speaking. 我们通过会话学习讲英语。 The experiment failed through of fault of ours.试验不是由于我们的过错而失败的。

u 39.throughout 完完全全，始终，到处 It rained throughout the night.雨下了通宵。 The disease has spread throughout the city.这病已扩散到全城。

u 40.till 直到…为止（not…till 到…才，不到…不…） He will stay in Japan till July.他要在日本待到七月。 He did mot come till five o'clock. 他一直到五点钟才来。

u 41.to 1) 到（指地点或时间） The next day we came to a small mountain village. 第二天我们来到了一个小山村。 To this day I still remember Professor Wang's advice .我到今天还记得王教授的话。 2) 向（指向某个时间或地点，没有到达） Are you going to the station? 你是去火车站吗？ He turned the wheel to the left. 他将方向盘转向左方。 3）给 Please add a piece of candy to coffee. 请给咖啡加块糖。 Poets like to compare life to stage. 诗人喜欢把人生比作舞台。消息告诉他母亲。 4）对 Are you alive to what is going on? 你注意到发生什么事了吗？ The old man was not equal to the situation. 那老人不能应付这种情况。 His house is opposite to mine. 他的房子在我的房子对面。 5）差（指时间） at ten to seven 7点差10分 at a quarter to twelve 12点差1刻 go to the cinema 去电影院 to him 对他 give sth. to sb. 给…东西 pay attention to 注意 write to sb. 给…写信 the next to 下一个 go on's joy 使…高兴地 near to 靠近…… to one's surprise 使…感到惊奇 to this day 到这一天

u 42.toward(s) 向，对，近 The house faces towards the south. 这幢房子朝南。 His attitude towards his fellow students is quite right. 他对同学的态度很正确。

u 43.under 在…的下面不到 Your pen is under the paper. 你的钢笔在纸的下面。 I learned a great deal under her teaching. 我在她的教导下学到很多东西。

u 44.until 直到…为止 The conference will have to be postponed until this evening.会议将推迟到晚上举行。 Not until then shall we meet again. 到那时候我们才会再见。

u 45.up 沿…而上 The cat climbed up a tree. 猫爬上了树。 We started swimming up the river. 我们开始在河里逆流而游。

u 46.upon 在…的上面 He sat upon the floor. 他坐在地板上。 You can depend upon (on) me. 你相信我好了。

u 47.with 1) 和，和…一起, 与…，从… Let's begin our class with an English song. 我们以一首英语歌开讲。 I meant to reason with you, but you wont reason. 我本要与你理论理论，但你不愿意。 2）用…工具，用…, 以… The tree was cut down with an axe.树是用斧子砍倒的。 Don't write with that pencil.不要用那支铅笔写。 3）以，具有 The ground was covered with snow. 满地都是雪。 Paris is a city with a long history. 巴黎是一座具有悠久历史的城市。 He is working with great enthusiasm. 他以很大的热情工作着。 4）带，伴同 The minister and his guests sat at the table, at the table, with the interpreter sitting behind them. 部长和客人们坐在桌前，翻译坐在他们后面。 With these words, he left the room. 说了这些话之后，他就离开了房间。 5）由于 The boys and girls were soaked with sweat. 男女孩子们都被汗水湿透了。 My fingers were stiff with cold. 我的指头冻僵了。 play with sb. 同某人一起玩 have a word with sb.同某人说句话 write with a pen 用钢笔写 with one's help (wit the help of) 在某人的帮助下 say with a smile 微笑着说 with these words 说完这儿些话 see…with one's own eyes 亲眼看见 a woman with a little child 抱着小孩的妇女 a man with thick glasses 一个戴着深度眼镜的男子 be filled…with… 用……装满…… keep up with 跟上…… catch up with 赶上…… be covered with 覆盖着…… be strict with 严格对待某人 be satisfied with 对……感到满意 something wrong with ……有毛病/不正常 help sb. with… 帮助某人做某事 be agree with… 在……赞同

u 48.within 1) 在…里面 By X-rays we can see what is within the body. 我们可以通过爱克斯光看见人体内部。 2）以内，不超出（距离、时间、范围等） We'll be back within an hour. 我们将在一个钟头之内回来。 You must live within your income. 你应该量入为出。

u 49.without 表示'没有''不同'等概念 He rushed to the office without having his breakfast. 他没吃早饭就赶到办公室。 I can read the English book without a dictionary. 我可以不用词典读这本英文书。 Without the sun, nothing would grow. 要是没有太阳，世界上就不会有任何东西生长。

u 50. worth 值 It's worth $300. 他值300美元。 Is this ring worth a lot lf money? 这个戒指很值钱吗？