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保乳术后再次手术率能否作为考核指标

 SIBCS 2020-08-27

  保乳手术已经成为乳腺癌治疗的主要进展之一。保乳手术+放疗与乳房切除术相比,结局总体相似,为减少手术创伤性开辟了道路,该进展也逐渐扩展到区域淋巴结的管理。关于保乳手术安全性的科学研究数据促进了保乳手术率不断提高,直至2005年左右,该趋势出人意料地发生逆转。造成该现象的可能原因很多,例如术前分期引入磁共振增加了多发灶和大肿瘤的检出、对家族史阳性患者广泛开展了乳腺癌易感基因BRCA1和BRCA2检测、早期乳腺癌研究者协作组EBCTCG荟萃分析首次证实了局部控制对总生存的重大影响。2016年以来,可能由于保乳术后肿瘤切缘管理新指南的发布,保乳手术率重新提高。如果手术切缘阳性,局部复发风险将增加一倍以上。因此,肿瘤切除完整是保乳手术的重要目标,必须实施精准的术前局部分期、隐匿病变定位、术中切除标本病理检查。不过,即使这些措施都付诸实践,仍有10%~50%的保乳手术需要再次乳房手术以清除阳性切缘。由于再次手术对患者的压力较大,美观效果可能恶化,并给照料者和患者本人增加大量成本,因此世界各地目前正对再次手术率进行考核。欧洲乳腺癌专科医师学会已将“原发肿瘤(仅限浸润癌)单次乳房手术(重建除外)患者比例”纳入新版乳腺癌手术质量考核指标文件,设定最低标准为80%,目标为90%,而非浸润癌(原位癌)患者的相应标准分别为70%和90%。2015年,美国乳腺外科医师学会召开了名为《合作尝试降低保乳手术再次手术率》的跨学科共识会议,并设定了5年目标,即全国平均再次手术率低于20%。将保乳术后再次乳房手术作为质量衡量标准存在争议,例如美国乳腺外科医师学会决定不将再次切除率纳入质量考核指标,因为对不同医院的患者进行比较时,无法确保肿瘤分期分布、切缘评定及其报告的一致性。相反,意大利地区卫生总局决定采用“保乳术后120天内再次乳腺癌手术率”作为其“全国方案”质量开合指标。

  2020年8月22日,欧洲乳腺癌专科医师学会《乳腺》在线发表意大利都灵大学、坎迪奥洛癌症治疗中心的研究报告,分析了将保乳术后再次乳房手术作为乳腺癌手术质量指标的作用。

  该单中心回顾研究对2015~2019年坎迪奥洛癌症治疗中心连续1233例乳腺癌保乳手术患者的数据进行回顾分析,其中再次手术182例(14.8%)。通过单因素和多因素分析,探讨再次乳房手术风险的显著影响因素。

  结果,研究期间的手术量、保乳手术率、临床病理因素基本不变,而采用切缘残腔环切后,再次乳房手术率由17.9%减少至9.5%。

  再次乳房手术时仍然存在残癌的比例:

  • 乳房切除术与保乳手术相比:87.3%比37.8%(P=0.05)

  • 粗针穿刺活检结果不确定与阳性相比:69.4%比48.2%(P=0.003)

  • 新辅助治疗前导管原位癌与浸润癌相比:69.0%比51.3%(P=0.046)

  • 新辅助治疗后导管原位癌与浸润癌相比:14.3%比57.8%(P=0.044)

  多因素分析表明,与再次乳房手术风险相关的临床病理独立因素包括:

  • 多发灶(比值比:1.8,P=0.009)

  • 微钙化(比值比:2.0,P=0.000)

  • 术前辅助治疗(比值比:0.4,P=0.014)

  • 术中病理检查(比值比:0.6,P=0.010)

  • 切缘残腔环切(比值比:0.3,P=0.000)

  因此,该研究结果表明,对于早期乳腺癌保乳手术患者,术前辅助治疗、术中病理检查、切缘残腔环切可减少再次乳房手术率。由于存在多发灶、微钙化等无法改变的风险因素,不应对目前的再次乳房手术标准进行更严格的规定。应当重新审视将保乳术后再次乳房手术率作为乳腺癌手术质量考核指标的价值。

Breast. 2020 Aug 22;53:181-188. Online ahead of print.

Reoperation rate after breast conserving surgery as quality indicator in breast cancer treatment: A reappraisal.

Francesca Tamburelli, Furio Maggiorotto, Caterina Marchiò, Davide Balmativola, Alessandra Magistris, Franziska Kubatzki, Paola Sgandurra, Maria Rosaria Di Virgilio, Daniele Regge, Filippo Montemurro, Marco Gatti, Anna Sapino, Riccardo Ponzone.

Candiolo Cancer Institute, Candiolo, Italy; University of Turin, Turin, Italy.

HIGHLIGHTS

  • Some breast cancer patients need a reoperation for incomplete tumor excision after breast conserving surgery.

  • Reoperation rates show wide variations (10%-50%) among different Countries.

  • Shaving of cavity margins may reduce the reoperation rate, but non-invasive and multicentric lesiona are non-actionable risk factors

  • The value of reoperation rate as a quality indicator of breast cancer surgery is questionable.

AIM: To analyse the role of repeated breast surgery (RBS) after breast conserving surgery (BCS) as a quality indicator in a consecutive series of breast cancer patients.

METHODS: Data from 1233 breast cancer patients submitted to BCS from 2015 to 2019 were reviewed. The influence of several variables on RBS rate (182/1232; 14.8%) was examined. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to look for significant associations with the risk of RBS.

RESULTS: Surgical workload, BCS rate and clinicopathological variables were consistent over the study period, while RBS rate decreased after the introduction of shaving of cavity margins (from 17.9% to 9.5%). Tumor persistence at RBS was higher for mastectomy vs. re-excision (87.3% vs. 37.8%; p = 0.05), inconclusive vs. positive diagnostic biopsy (48.2% vs. 69.4%; p = 0.003), ductal carcinoma in situ vs. invasive carcinoma (69.0% vs. 51.3%; p = 0.046) and lower after neoadjuvant therapy (14.3% vs. 57.8%; p = 0.044). Several clinicopathological variables were associated with the risk of RBS, but only multifocality [Odds Ratio (OR): 1.8; p = 0.009], microcalcifications (OR: 2.0, p = 0.000), neoadjuvant therapy (OR: 0.4; p = 0.014), pathological intraoperative assessment (OR: 0.6; p = 0.010) and shaving of cavity margins (OR: 0.3; p = 0.000) retained independent value at multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSIONS: RBS rate can be reduced by shaving of cavity margins. Current standards for RBS should not be made more stringent due to the existence of non-actionable risk factors. The value of RBS as a quality indicator should be scrutinzed.

KEYWORDS: Breast neoplasms; Surgical procedures; Operative; Mastectomy; Segmental margins of excision; Recurrence

DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2020.07.008




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