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World Cities - Vienna 维也纳
Strolling around Austria’s biggest city, dubbed the City of Music, is like simultaneously stepping back in time and stepping up in class. You can trace the footsteps of Mozart, Beethoven, Haydn, or Schubert—or waltz along to their compositions at one of the town's many balls. (When you're done, don't forget to refuel with some Viennese coffee and a hot dog.) Read on for more facts to file away about Vienna.
漫步在这座被称为音乐之城的奥地利最大城市，仿佛同时在时间上后退，在格调上上升。你可以沿着莫扎特、贝多芬、海顿或舒伯特，又或是华尔兹的足迹，在城中众多舞会中找到他们的作品。游览完毕，别忘了喝一杯维也纳咖啡，吃一个热狗给自己加油。1.A military camp called Vindobona was set up where Vienna is now around 50 CE, but the first documents bearing the name Wenia surfaced in 881. It was mentioned as a town in 1137 and the town charter was granted in 1221.公元50年，在现在叫维也纳的地方建立了一个名为文多波纳的军营，但维尼亚这个名字第一次出现在文件上是在881年。它在1137年开始被称为是一个城镇，1221年被授予城镇宪章。2. Napoleon occupied Vienna in 1805 and again in 1809, and both events affected Ludwig von Beethoven. The first interrupted the premiere of what ended up being his only opera, Fidelio. And during Napoleon's May 10, 1809 siege, the prodigy, who was beginning to lose his hearing, hid in his brother Carl's basement with pillows over his ears lest the sound of the shells falling outside cause even more damage.拿破仑于于1805年和1809年两次占领维也纳，这两件事都影响了路德维希 冯 贝多芬。第一次占领中断了他的唯一歌剧“菲德里奥”的首演。在拿破仑1809年5月10日的围攻中，这个开始失聪的天才躲在他哥哥卡尔的地下室里，耳朵上蒙着枕头，以避免外面的炮弹声造成更大的伤害。3. Vienna’s Spanish Riding School, or Spanische Hofreitschule, has kept the renaissance tradition of Haute École equestrian alive for more than 450 years. The name of the institution refers to the horses introduced in the 16th century from Spain’s Iberian Peninsula—today's Lipizzaner stallions are descendants of these.维也纳的西班牙骑术学校（Spanische Hofreitschule）将上柯尔马术的文艺复兴传统保留了450多年。这个机构的名字是指16世纪从西班牙伊比利亚半岛引进的马，今天的利比扎纳种马就是这些马的后代。4. The famed Vienna Boys Choir’s roots date as far back as 1498. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart worked with the choir and Franz Schubert was once a member. In 1918, the group became a private institution, and their imperial uniforms switched to sailor suits. Now, there are more than 100 boys between the ages of 10 and 14 from 30 countries split into four, giving more than 300 performances a year.著名的维也纳男孩合唱团的起源可以追溯到1498年。莫扎特曾与合唱团合作，舒伯特曾是合唱团成员。1918年，这个组织变成了一个私人机构，他们的皇家制服换成了水手服。现在，来自30个国家的100多名10至14岁的男孩分成4个歌唱队，每年演出300多场。5. Over the course of a century, Vienna's population has hovered between 2 million (its peak, in 1910) and 1.48 million (in 1987). As of October 2014, there were approximately 1.8 million inhabitants.一个世纪以来，维也纳的人口一直徘徊在200万（1910年达到顶峰）到148万（1987年）之间。截至2014年10月，大约有180万居民。6. The snowglobe was invented in Austria in 1900 when Erwin Perzy was trying to improve on the light bulb—he added water and semolina flakes, in the hopes that the light would bounce off them and cast a brighter glow. That didn't happen, but the effect was striking. Mass production began in Vienna in 1905 by his company, Original Vienna Snow Globes, and the flakes are still falling today. Now run by his grandson, Erwin Perzy III, the family business has made customized globes for Bill Clinton, Ronald Reagan, and First Daughters Sasha and Malia Obama.雪花球是1900年在奥地利发明的，当时埃尔文·帕齐正试图改进灯泡，他加入了水和粗面粉，希望光线能从它们身上反射出来，投射出更明亮的光芒。但这并没有发生，但效果却是是惊人的。1905年，他的公司维也纳雪球公司在维也纳开始批量生产，经营到现在一直没停。家族企业现在由他的孙子埃尔文·帕齐三世经营，已经为比尔克林顿、罗纳德里根和第一个女儿萨沙和玛利亚·奥巴马制作了定制的雪花球。7. The 521 square miles of the Vienna Woods, or Wienerwald, are home to 2,000 plant species and 150 bird species. At least two endangered species—Ural owls and green lizards—have made the forest home.维也纳森林占地521平方英里，有2000种植物和150种鸟类。至少有两种濒危物种乌拉尔猫头鹰和绿色蜥蜴在森林中安家。8. The Austrian city has been home to the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) since 1965. And although the United Nations is headquartered in New York City, one of its primary offices is in Vienna as well. The building serves as home base for the UN's International Atomic Energy Agency and Office on Drug and Crime.自1965年以来，奥地利一直是石油输出国组织（欧佩克）的所在地。尽管联合国总部设在纽约市，但它的一个主要办事处也设在维也纳。这里有一幢大楼是联合国国际原子能机构和毒品与犯罪问题办公室的总部。9. Vienna is the second most livable city on the planet after Melbourne, Australia, according to the Economist Intelligence Unit’s study ranking 30 factors, ranging from safety and education to infrastructure and healthcare.根据经济学人智库对30个因素的调查，从安全和教育到基础设施和医疗保健，维也纳是全球第二大宜居城市，仅次于澳大利亚墨尔本。10. Almost 3 million people a year visit the city’s most famous church, St. Stephen’s Cathedral, or Stephansdom, built in the 12th century. Thirteen bells hang from the tallest tower, which stands 448 feet high and is accessible by climbing 343 steps. But it’s the Pummerin bell, in the 224-foot-tall tower, that happens to be the second-largest free-swinging European chimed church bell. Composers Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart have both worked in the church.每年有近300万人参观这座城市最著名的教堂，即建于12世纪的圣斯蒂芬大教堂。它的最高的塔高448英尺，可爬343级台阶到达，塔上悬挂着13个钟。不过，高224英尺的塔楼中的彭梅林钟恰好是第二大自由摆动的欧洲教堂钟。作曲家约瑟夫·海顿和沃尔夫冈·阿马迪斯·莫扎特都曾在教堂工作过。11. The Vienna Philharmonic’s New Year’s Concert is one of the hottest tickets in town, with prime seats costing as much as $1200. Names must be selected by a random drawing to have the opportunity to purchase tickets—and the entry period closed on February 29.
维也纳爱乐乐团的新年音乐会是城里最热门的演出之一，主要座位的票价高达1200美元。必须通过随机抽签选择姓名，才能有机会购买门票，报名截止日期为2月29日。12. Coffee is about more than just caffeination for Austrians—it’s part of their heritage. In fact, in 2011, Viennese coffee houses, which originated in the 17th century, were put on UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage list, as they are a place “where time and space are consumed, but only the coffee is found on the bill.”对奥地利人来说，咖啡不仅仅是咖啡，它也是他们传统的一部分。事实上，2011年，起源于17世纪的维也纳咖啡馆被联合国教科文组织列入非物质文化遗产名录，因为这里是一个“消耗时间和空间的地方，但账单上只有咖啡”13. Vienna has bragging rights as the only world capital that produces “significant quantities” of wine within its city limits. With 1730 acres of “wine-growing surface,” there are more than 320 vintners. Eighty-five percent of the wine produced is white wine grape varietals.维也纳是世界上唯一一个在其城市范围内生产“大量”葡萄酒的首都。它拥有1730英亩的“葡萄酒种植面积”，有320多家葡萄酒商。百分之八十五的葡萄酒是白葡萄酒葡萄品种。14. By 2050, life expectancy in the city will be 89 years old for women and 85 for men. Comparatively, life expectancy in 2013 was 81 in the country and 71 years globally.到2050年，该市妇女的预期寿命为89岁，男子为85岁。相比之下，2013年奥地利的预期寿命为81岁，全球为71岁。15. The 13-mile Danube Island was open in 1981 to reinforce Vienna’s flood protection system and has become a prime recreation center, with an 820-foot family beach, a (free!) 53,820-square-foot waterpark, and a climbing park where guests can ascend 33 feet into the air.多瑙河岛全长13英里，1981年开放，以加强维也纳的防洪系统，现在已成为一个主要的娱乐场所，拥有820英尺的家庭海滩，免费占地53820平方英尺的水上乐园和一个攀岩公园，游客可以在这里攀爬33英尺高。16. Austria’s largest palace, Schonbrunn, has been one of Vienna’s most visited sites since 2003. But you can still make the experience personal. The 1798-square-foot, two-bedroom Grand Suite is available for rent—with rates around $1500 a night. But really, how do you put a price on the ability to say you’ve stayed overnight in the former imperial home of Emperor Franz Joseph and Empress “Sisi” Elisabeth?自2003年以来，奥地利最大的皇宫朔布伦一直是维也纳游客最多的地方之一。但你还是可以让在这里的经历更个人化。有一间1798平方英尺的两居室豪华套房可供出租，每晚租金约1500美元。但说真的，如果你对人说你在弗朗茨·约瑟夫皇帝和“西西”伊丽莎白皇后的故居过夜，价值会是多少呢？17. If splurging on a palatial stay isn’t up your alley, the gardens around Schonbrunn Palace are equally majestic—and free. Open to the public since 1779, the Baroque-style gardens include a labyrinth, a zoo, Roman ruins, Neptune’s Fountain, and a Gloriette atop a hill with a sprawling view of the entire grounds.如果你不想花大钱在豪华的住宿上的话，那么美泉宫周围的花园也同样大气，而且免费。花园从1779年开始对公众开放，巴洛克风格的花园包括迷宫、动物园、罗马遗迹、海王星喷泉和山顶上的一个亭子，可以看到整个庭院的广阔景色。18. When ordering a hot dog from one of Vienna’s trademark hot dog stands, get ready to answer whether you prefer the sweet kremser mustard or spicy estragon. Vendors may shorten it to süss (sweet) or scharf (spicy). One of the most popular kiosks is the old city’s Würstelstand am Hohen Markt.当你在维也纳的一个招牌热狗摊上点一个热狗时，准备好回答你是喜欢甜的克伦瑟芥末还是辛辣的埃斯特拉贡。摊主可能会将其缩短为süss（甜）或scharf（辣）。其中一个最受欢迎的摊子是老城区的Würstelstand am Hohen Markt。有关维也纳，推荐一部叫做“The Piano Teacher”的影片，中文译名或许称作《钢琴教师》，是法国女演员Isabella Huppert伊莎贝尔于佩尔2001年主演的一部法语片。本片获得过2001年戛纳电影节的评审团大奖，最佳女演员奖和最佳男演员奖。我记得片中的音乐，以及围绕音乐的一些讨论。
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prodigy 神童 Choir 唱诗班 以上就是今天的内容。欢迎继续关注Metro English。
十二月份，Metro English的主题是World Cities - 说一说你此生注定要去的那些城市吧。说不定，你可以就此找到你的人生目的地。
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