 Automation is already here. 自动化时代已然来临。 Robots helped build your car and pack your latest online shopping order. 机器人已经在帮你组装汽车，帮你打包最新的网购订单。 A chatbot might help you figure out your credit card balance. 聊天机器人还可以会帮你算出你的信用卡余额。 A computer program might scan and process your résumé when you apply for work. 当你申请工作时，电脑程序可能会扫描并处理你的简历。 What will work in America look like a decade from now? 那么十年之后美国的工作会变成什么样呢？  A team of economists at the McKinsey Global Institute set out to figure it out in a new report out Thursday. 麦肯锡全球研究所(的一组经济学家开始在周四发布的一份新报告中着手解决这个问题。 The research finds automation widening the gap between urban and rural areas and dramatically affecting people who didn't go to college or didn't finish high school. 研究发现，自动化扩大了城市和农村地区之间的差距，并极大地影响了那些没有上过大学或没有读完高中的人。 It also projects some occupations poised for massive growth or growing enough to offset displaced jobs. 它还预测，一些职业有望实现大规模增长，或增长到足以抵消失业的影响。 Below are some of the key takeaways from McKinsey's forecast. 以下是麦肯锡预测的一些关键结论。  "Intelligent machines are going to become more prevalent in every business. All of our jobs are going to change," said Susan Lund, co-author of the report. “智能机器将在每个行业变得更加普遍。我们所有的工作都将发生变化。 Almost 40% of U.S. jobs are in occupations that are likely to shrink — though not necessarily disappear — by 2030, the researchers found. 研究人员发现，到2030年，美国近40%的工作岗位可能会萎缩，但不一定会消失。 Employing almost 21 million Americans, office support is by far the most common U.S. occupation that's most at risk of losing jobs to digital services, according to McKinsey. 麦肯锡的数据显示，美国有近2100万人从事办公室支持工作，这是迄今为止美国最常见的职业，也是最有可能因数字服务而失业的职业。  Food service is another heavily affected category, as hotel, fast-food and other kitchens automate the work of cooks, dishwashers and others. 食品服务是另一个受到严重影响的类别，因为酒店、快餐和其他厨房将使厨师、洗碗机和其他人的工作自动化。 At the same time, "the economy is adding jobs that make use of new technologies," McKinsey economists wrote. 与此同时，“经济正在利用新技术来增加就业，”麦肯锡的经济学家写道。 Those jobs include software developers and information security specialists — who are constantly in short supply — but also solar panel installers and wind turbine technicians. 这些工作包括软件开发人员和信息安全专家——他们经常供不应求——也包括太阳能电池板安装人员和风力涡轮机技术人员。  Health care jobs, including hearing aid specialists and home health aides, will stay in high demand for the next decade, as baby boomers age. 随着婴儿潮时期出生的人年龄的增长，医疗保健工作，包括助听器专家和家庭健康助理，将在未来十年保持高需求。 McKinsey also forecast growth for jobs that tap into human creativity or "socioemotional skills" or provide personal service for the wealthy, like interior designers, psychologists, massage therapists, dietitians and landscape architects. 麦肯锡还预测，那些能够激发人类创造力或“社会情感技能”、或为富人提供个人服务的职业，如室内设计师、心理学家、按摩治疗师、营养师和景观设计师，将出现增长。 In some occupations, even as jobs disappear, new ones might offset the losses. 在一些职业中，虽然有工作岗位消失了，但新的工作岗位可能会抵消损失。 For example, digital assistants might replace counter attendants and clerks who help with rentals, but more workers might be needed to help shoppers in stores or staff distribution centers, McKinsey economists wrote. 麦肯锡经济学家写道，例如，数字助理可能会取代柜台服务员和帮助租房的职员，但在商店或员工配送中心，可能需要更多的员工来帮助购物者。  Similarly, enough new jobs will be created in transportation or customer service and sales to offset ones lost by 2030. 同样，到2030年，交通运输、客户服务和销售领域也将创造足够多的新就业岗位，以抵消这些岗位的流失。 By 2030, the majority of job growth may be concentrated in just 25 megacities and their peripheries, while large swaths of the country see slower job creation and even lose jobs, the researchers found. 研究人员发现，到2030年，大部分就业增长可能集中在25个特大城市及其周边地区，而中国大部分地区的就业增长将放缓，甚至会出现失业。 感谢关注 跟amber一起看世界 |
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