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2021诺奖文学《囚笼》第一课:如何在优秀小说里欣赏到诗歌的韵律?

 八妮讲英国文学 2021-10-11

嗨大家好,今天这节课呢,我们欣赏2021诺贝尔文学奖得主Abdulrazak Gurnah短篇小说“Cages”的语言,入门诗歌的基础知识。

废话不多说,直接上第一个自然段,第一遍读它时,请大家大声朗读出来,千万不要理解内容的意思,把它当成一个乐谱,只去在意自己发出来的声音是否有音韵美:

There were times when it felt to Hamid as if he had been in the shop always, and that his life would end there. He no longer felt discomfort. nor did he hear the secret mutterings at the dead hours of night which had once emptied his heart in dread. He knew now that they came from the seasonal swamp which divided the city from the townships, and which teemed with life. The shop was in a good position, at a major crossroads from the city's suburbs. He opened it at first light when the earliest workers were shuffling by, and did not shut it again until all but the last stragglers had trailed home. He liked to say that at his station he saw all of life pass him by. At peak hours he would be on his feet all the time, talking and bantering with the customers. courting them and taking pleasure in the skill with which he handled himself and his merchandise. Later he would sink exhausted on the boxed seat which served as his till.

有时,哈米德会产生一种错觉,以为自己已经在这小店里待了很久很久,而且将会在此度过余生。他不再觉得日子难挨,夜深人静时也没有再听到那曾经让他吓破胆的窃窃私语声。现在他知道了,那声音是从长满虫豸的沼泽里传出来的。正是那些季节性出现的沼泽,把市区和乡镇分了开来。小店正处在通往市区的一个主十字路口上,地理位置不错。每天清晨,第一缕曙光出现,最早的那批工人拖着沉重的步子走过时,小店就开门营业了。晚上,一直要等到最后的游荡者没精打采地回家才会打烊。他得意地说,当售货员好,能看到形形色色过路人。店里忙的时候,他脚不着地,一边和顾客们插科打诨,帮他们从货架上取下各种商品,一边为自己的驾轻就熟而沾沾自喜。干得累了,就一屁股坐在一只充当钱柜的箱子上休息片刻。

第一遍朗读之后,大家有没有发现这个自然段的音韵没呢?请将体验分享在打卡区哦~

朗读第二遍之前,Bunny教大家一个诗歌小知识:押韵。

押韵指的是单词之间有重复的读音,比如我们熟悉的歌曲《一闪一闪亮晶晶》:

同样颜色的单词,最后一个音是押韵的:star/are; high/sky; gone/upon; light/night

如果一行字、一句话里,有单词有着相同的读音,那么朗读起来就会有音乐感。找到有着相同读音的单词,还需要单词有特定的意思,是天底下写作的难事。中国古人有说过“因韵害义”,就是为了押韵,找了奇怪意思的词。“形神兼备”呢,就是说这作品读起来看起来(形)和理解起来(神),都是完美。

所以说,如果一段文字形神兼备了,那么就能说明作者的功力之高。

现在我们回到第一自然段,随便找几句话,看看它们是否押韵。

现在我们来朗读一下这句话:

At peak hours he would be on his feet all the time, talking and bantering with the customers. courting them and taking pleasure in the skill...

四个动词的ing形式,形成押韵,读起来,当然会有韵律之美。

也许大家会说,ing押韵也太简单了吧!是的,它简单而常用,Bunny几年前在国内教小朋友写诗的时候,他们也是喜欢用ing形式的押韵,当然,伟大的诗人们也喜欢用,比如英国浪漫主义诗人华兹华斯:

单词末尾的音押韵,比如sky/high,talking/bantering,是最常见的押韵方式,就叫它“押韵”“rhyme”就行了。

更高级点的玩法,是单词开头的音押韵,现在我们来朗读一下这句话:

He knew now that they came from the seasonal swamp which divided the city from the townships, and which teemed with life. 

初次朗读时,大家可能只会发现句式上的重复,由两个which和两个from引导。

这次朗读时,大家可能注意到了Bunny标记上了一些单词的首字母:knew/now; seasonal/swamp; townships/teemed. 这三对单词都是开头的音押韵,我们叫这种押韵情况为“头韵”“alliteration”。

第一个自然段中,还有很多押韵的例子。从这两个例子,我们就能看出,作者在写每个句子的时候,真的在选词上花了功夫,才能有诗歌一样的韵律哦!

现在来总结一下,今天我们学到,诗歌一样的语言,不仅有句式结构上的重复,还有单词的押韵rhyme,押韵就是读音的重复。了解了押韵,就能够欣赏诗歌50%的风景,另外50%关乎rhythm节奏/格律,英语诗歌的格律跟中文诗歌非常不一样;我们在十四行诗的第一节入门课再继续学习吧。

互动打卡

现在Bunny给大家布置第二个和第三个打卡任务:

找第一个自然段任意句子,画出这个句子押韵的词语,并朗读这个自然段。

期待大家在群里和打卡区的互动和分享哦,我们下节课进入主题学习,探索如何在优秀小说中寻找自我~

10.11日更新:

分享部分读友打卡内容,太优秀了!读得八妮我老泪纵横啊~

Bunny

英国文学莎士比亚博士生

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