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皮卡丘请客吃大餐 哈哈哈哈其实郭杰瑞是说...   也就是说，是什么毒品让你变傻 例句： ①Are you smoking? why are you dating with stranger? ②What are you thinking? Are you smoking? 你丫的想啥呢？脑子进水了吧你！ ②Are you a smoker? 譬如：  皮卡丘以前参加托福考试的时候 作文就是围绕着“吸烟有害健康”展开 ⑤Smoking is a serious health hazard. 王源曾在和贾乃亮和杨超越等人聚餐时 看看抽烟是如何影响你的健康的 Cigarettes aren’t good for us. That’s hardly news--we’ve known about the dangers of smoking for decades. But how exactly do cigarettes harm us? Let’s look at what happens as their ingredients make their way through our bodies, and how we benefit physically when we finally give up smoking. 香烟对我们不利。 这几乎不是新闻 - 我们已经知道几十年来吸烟的危险。 但香烟究竟如何伤害我们？让我们来看看当他们的成分 穿过我们的身体 时会发生什么，以及当我们最终戒烟时我们如何受益。 With each inhalation, smoke brings its more than 5,000 chemical substances into contact with the body’s tissues. From the start, tar, a black, resinous material, begins to coat the teeth and gums,damaging tooth enamel, and eventually causing decay. Over time, smoke also damages nerve-endings in the nose, causing loss of smell. 每次吸入， 烟雾都会使5000多种化学物质 与人体组织接触。 从一开始，焦油，一种黑色的树脂材料，开始涂抹牙齿和牙龈， 破坏牙齿珐琅质，最终导致腐烂。 随着时间的推移，烟雾也会损害鼻子中的神经末梢， 导致嗅觉丧失。 Inside the airways and lungs, smoke increases the likelihood of infections, as well as chronic diseases like bronchitis and emphysema. It does this by damaging the cilia, tiny hairlike structures whose job it is to keep the airways clean. It then fills the alveoli, tiny air sacs that enable the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood. A toxic gas called carbon monoxide crosses that membrane into the blood, binding to hemoglobin and displacing the oxygen it would usually have transported around the body. That’s one of the reasons smoking can lead to oxygen deprivation and shortness of breath. 在呼吸道和肺部内， 烟雾会增加感染的可能性， 以及支气管炎和肺气肿等慢性疾病。 它通过破坏纤毛， 微小的毛发结构来实现这一点，其结构是保持呼吸道清洁。 然后它会充满肺泡， 微小的气囊，可以 在肺部和血液之间 交换氧气和二氧化碳。一种叫做一氧化碳的有毒气体穿过血液进入血液， 与血红蛋白结合， 并取代 通常在体内运输 的氧气。这是吸烟导致缺氧 和呼吸短促的原因之一。 Within about 10 seconds, the bloodstream carries a stimulant called nicotine to the brain, triggering the release of dopamine and other neurotransmitters including endorphins that create the pleasurable sensations which make smoking highly addictive. Nicotine and other chemicals from the cigarettesimultaneously cause constriction of blood vessels and damage their delicate endothelial lining,restricting blood flow. These vascular effects lead to thickening of blood vessel walls and enhance blood platelet stickiness, increasing the likelihood that clots will form and trigger heart attacks and strokes. 在大约10秒钟内， 血液携带一种称为尼古丁的兴奋剂进入大脑， 触发多巴胺和其他神经递质的释放，包括内啡肽 ， 这些内啡肽产生令人愉悦的感觉，使吸烟成瘾。来自香烟的尼古丁和其他化学物质 同时引起血管收缩 并损害其脆弱的内皮衬里， 限制血液流动。 这些血管效应导致血管壁增厚 并增强血小板粘性， 增加凝块形成 并引发心脏病发作和中风的可能性。 Many of the chemicals inside cigarettes can trigger dangerous mutations in the body’s DNA that make cancers form. Additionally, ingredients like arsenic and nickel may disrupt the process of DNA repair,thus compromising the body’s ability to fight many cancers. In fact, about one of every three cancer deaths in the United States is caused by smoking. 香烟中的许多化学物质都可以触发 体内DNA的 危险突变，从而形成癌症。此外，砷和镍等成分 可能会破坏DNA修复过程， 从而损害身体抵抗多种癌症的能力。 事实上，美国每三个癌症中就有一个死于吸烟。 And it’s not just lung cancer. Smoking can cause cancer in multiple tissues and organs, as well as damaged eyesight and weakened bones. It makes it harder for women to get pregnant. And in men, it can cause erectile dysfunction. 而且这不仅仅是肺癌。 吸烟会导致多种组织和器官的癌症， 以及视力受损 和骨骼 受损。这使得女性更难怀孕。 在男性中，它可能导致勃起功能障碍。 But for those who quit smoking, there’s a huge positive upside with almost immediate and long-lasting physical benefits. 但对于那些戒烟的人来说， 有一个巨大的积极上升 ，几乎是立即和持久的身体好处。 Just 20 minutes after a smoker’s final cigarette, their heart rate and blood pressure begin to return to normal. After 12 hours, carbon monoxide levels stabilize, increasing the blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity. A day after ceasing, heart attack risk begins to decrease as blood pressure and heart rates normalize. After two days, the nerve endings responsible for smell and taste start to recover. 吸烟者最后一支烟后20分钟， 他们的心率和血压开始恢复正常。12小时后，一氧化碳水平稳定， 增加血液的携氧能力。 停止后一天， 随着血压和心率正常化 ，心脏病发作风险开始降低。两天后， 负责嗅觉和味觉的神经末梢开始恢复。 Lungs become healthier after about one month, with less coughing and shortness of breath. The delicate hair-like cilia in the airways and lungs start recovering within weeks, and are restored after 9 months, improving resistance to infection. By the one-year anniversary of quitting, heart disease risk plummets to half as blood vessel function improves. Five years in, the chance of a clot forming dramatically declines, and the risk of stroke continues to reduce. After ten years, the chances of developing fatal lung cancer go down by 50%,probably because the body’s ability to repair DNA is once again restored. Fifteen years in, the likelihood of developing coronary heart disease is essentially the same as that of a non-smoker. 在戒烟一周年之际， 随着血管功能的改善 ，心脏病风险骤降至一半。五年后， 凝块形成的机会急剧下降， 中风的风险继续减少。 十年后，发生致命性肺癌的几率 下降了50％，这 可能是因为身体修复DNA的能力再次恢复。 十五年后，患冠心病的可能性与 非吸烟者的可能性基本相同。 There’s no point pretending this is all easy to achieve. Quitting can lead to anxiety and depression,resulting from nicotine withdrawal. But fortunately, such effects are usually temporary. And quitting is getting easier, thanks to a growing arsenal of tools. Nicotine replacement therapy through gum, skin patches, lozenges, and sprays may help wean smokers off cigarettes. They work by stimulating nicotine receptors in the brain and thus preventing withdrawal symptoms, without the addition of other harmful chemicals. Counselling and support groups, cognitive behavioral therapy, and moderate intensity exercise also help smokers stay cigarette-free. 没有必要假装这很容易实现。 戒烟可导致 尼古丁戒断 引起的焦虑和抑郁。但幸运的是，这种影响通常是暂时的。 由于越来越多的工具，退出变得越来越容易。 通过口香糖， 皮肤贴剂， 锭剂 和喷雾剂进行尼古丁替代疗法可能有助于吸烟者戒掉香烟。 它们通过刺激大脑中的尼古丁受体起作用， 从而预防戒断症状， 而不添加其他有害化学物质。 咨询和支持团体， 认知行为疗法 和中等强度锻炼 也帮助吸烟者保持无烟。 That’s good news, since quitting puts you and your body on the path back to health. 这是个好消息， 因为戒烟会让你和你的身体恢复健康。 公众号“竖起耳朵听”整理，转载请私信 英文版小猪佩奇｜博物馆 The Museum |
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