[语法] be done 和 get done 都是被动语态，区别很大！

首先，及物动词才有被动态，一般的被动形式有两种：

1. be + 过去分词

2. get+ 过去分词

有何区别呢？

这样，咱们先看两个例句，再加以探讨：

中文：车祸中有三人死亡四人受重伤。

① Three people died and four were seriously injured in the crash. （be + done 形式）

② Three people died and four got seriously/badly/severely injured in the crash. （get+done 形式）

① My wallet got stolen last night. （我钱包被偷了）

② John finally got fired. （John 最终被炒鱿鱼了）

下面重点讲讲 be+done 和 get+done 的几个区别：

第一：be+done表状态；get +done强调动作。例如：

① The window was broken. (窗户被打破的状态)

② The window got broken. (窗户被打破的瞬间动作)

第二：be+done的 be 动词为助动词，可直接在其后加上 not 变成否定句，或将其挪到句首变成疑问句；而 get+done 的 get 为普通动词，若要变成否定或疑问句，需借助助动词。看例子：

1) be+done 的情况

① Those streetlamps were damaged in the typhoon. (那些路灯在台风中受损)

②Those streetlamps were not damaged in the typhoon. (那些路灯在台风中没有受损)

③Were those streetlamps damaged in the typhoon? (那些路灯在台风中有受损吗？)

2) get+done 的情况

① Those streetlamps got damaged in the typhoon.

② Those streetlamps didn’t get damaged in the typhoon.

③ Did those streetlamps get damaged in the typhoon?

第三：现在完成进行式、过去完成进行式、未来完成进行式和未来进行式很少用 be+done ，但可使用 get+done 。例如：

1）

① Recently, the work has been being done by Jack. (最近这项工作一直被杰克所做) (不佳，应尽量避免)

② Recently, the work has been getting done by Jack.（很好）

2）

① At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be being washed by Jason. (今晚八点碗盘将正在被杰森洗涤) (不佳，应尽量避免)

② At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be getting washed by Jason.（很好）

第四：不少 get+done 的形式并非被动语态，反而是主动态，后面的过去分词用作形容词，当主词补语（表语）。例如：

① We got married last year. (我们去年结的婚)

② Things tend to get lost when you move. (搬家时东西常常会不知去向)

③ Cindy got dressed quickly. (Cindy 很快就穿好衣服了)