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散粮运输中应注意的细节

 踏雪无痕zmbk92 2022-01-18

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对于散粮的运输

首先,货仓达到租家拉粮标准

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本轮这样的状态经过USDANCB的检验,仅供参考

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其次,船舶应持有散粮适装证书”和《谷物装载稳性手册》。 谷物装载手册中含有谷类货物类型,应根据散粮适装证书(Document of Authorization)上的规定正确地装载。 

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目前的散货船的谷物装载手册上都包含了每个货舱的“谷物移动倾侧体积矩”以及不同排水量下的“谷物许用倾侧力矩计算。经过查表,如果“谷物移动倾侧体积矩”小于“谷物许用倾侧力矩计算”则认为满足谷物稳性要求 

在收到航次任务后,一般需要做预配图并核对是否可以满足谷物稳性要求,如满足不了,则不能接受该运输,除非进行绑扎、堆码等措施以满足谷物稳性要求。一般港口不具备相关的条件。 

计算谷物稳性时,注意如下几点: 

① 做预配图,计算满舱的货量时,按照平舱舱容计算,稳性计算中所用的积载因数,按《规则》A2.6规定应使用不包括亏舱的积载因数,但美国及澳大利亚货主等大多数粮食出口国提供的积载因数往往是实际装船经验数据,即包括亏舱的积载因数。在计算谷物稳性时,利用非平舱的谷物倾侧力矩,这样计算下来,是偏安全的。

美国要求散粮计算

Please send your Stow Plan to our office ASAP, and also confirm if all holds will be clean and load ready for inspection on arrival.  Please include in SP the percentage full per hold.  If any holds are slack, please advise reason why (disport draft restriction, plimsoll marks, etc).  Please also confirm that you will have the Stability Calculations on the NCB form completed and ready upon arrival at the anchorage.  Please use 100pct cubics basis trimmed ends in Part I of the NCB Stability Calculation and then use heeling moments for untrimmed ends in Part III of the NCB stability calculations.  This method allows the vessel to load with normal spout loading/trimming and will not require spoon or machine trimming in all full holds. 

美国密西西比河要求关于洗舱

**Please note that is it strictly prohibited to sweep, spray, blow, or otherwise discharge any cargo off the deck of the vessel into the Mississippi River.  Permits are available upon request to discharge cleaning water containing small amount of certain cargoes in specific locations.

② 如果几个港装卸并且驶出封闭水域,必须保证每个航程都满足谷物稳性要求。

③ 如果途中有油水的变化,例如途中加油或者调整压制水,必须加以考虑并满足谷物稳性要求。

装货前

① 要求发货人提供货物品质证书,需要包含货物水份含量。因为水分含量的比例直接关系到货物最久储运时间。

② 要求发货人提供尽必要的货物信息以及一些关于运输过程中操作的注意事项。

首先,美国将谷物归结为Group C 

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乌克兰相对比较好一点,将谷物归结为bulk cargo

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普遍能接受的观点认为

IMSBC Code是排除掉grain的,因为装粮食由International Code for the Safe Carriage of Grain in Bulk (IGC Code) 来规范。也就是说,粮食不属于任何Group的货,不属于Group A, B or C,因为Group A, B, CIMSBC Code的概念。再进一步讲,粮食就没有Cargo Information for Solid Bulk Cargoes,也就是没有Shipper's Declaration

完货过程中的熏舱

船舶熏舱是载运谷物类货物的一种通常做法,以前熏蒸作业仅在船舶在港停留期间进行。随航熏舱一般使用磷化铝,药剂挥发会产生剧毒气体磷化氢,对船员安全造成了一定的威胁。同时在航熏舱期间货舱不能进行通风,对货物也有潜在风险。

开始熏舱前,需要获得如下资料

① 熏舱剂的MSDS 

② 安全注意手册 

③ 熏舱操作的安全培训

好的公司这样规定

Ensure following preparations prior fumigation:

a) Get details of fumigating agent including MSDS

b) Get detailed procedures from the fumigation

company including person in charge (PIC) of

fumigation

c) Agree with PIC the plan to be followed including

- Crew briefing

- Crew evacuation procedures

- Requirements for watchmen

- Safety notices to be posted

- Actual plan of fumigation

Plan for ventilation prior discharge of cargo

- Testing of atmosphere on completion of fumigation

以下是能够找到的熏舱保存完整的记录,MSDS为一个小册子,有多种语言也包括汉语,应该能够看懂。

特别要提醒的是国内造的船,货仓可能通二氧化碳,电器的线路等,外界管系链接压载舱,干隔舱,密闭性奇差,熏舱过程中可能有气体泄漏等问题。平常运输其他货物时多加注意。

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航次 结束时熏舱材料移除是:Instruct charterer’s agents to arrange for immediate

removal and disposal of fumigation remnants

但是有时候港口规则等特殊原因也不是必须一定这样的情况;

We inform you that in the case vessels needs to discharge residues of fumigation hoses, pipes and others, this cannot be done. Note that as per ports regulation this is considered garbage and our City/Port is not yet prepared with correct staff, security equipment or transportation for this kind of garbage.

Due to the above our authorities request for all the crew members for them to manipulate all the fumigation hoses and others and place them in a secure area, away from the sun and wet place a board vessel and avoid any chemical reactions that this kind of things could cause. Our quarantine officer will be going on board to make inspection in order to supervise that crew is complying with the authorities requirements.

In the case this requirements are not follow and an incident occurs, vessel will be responsible and may be penalized.

与代理租家周旋一定多加注意。

最终完货状态

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航行中关于货物的通风,不同的公司持有不同的观点

Thomas stowage 

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尽管表面通风对防止货物的损坏作用不大,货物的霉变自热大多是由于自身的品质问题造成的,例如含水量高,破损率高等品质问题。

国际行业协会认为对散装谷物的货舱可以不进行通风,德国保险业协会(German Insurance AssociationGDV)下属的运输信息局(Transport Information ServiceTIS)对海上船舶运输麦类货物(wheatryebarleycornoats and rice)的操作作业作出了规定,根据该规定的要求:若谷物货物的含水量在14%以下,且舱内空气的相对湿度为70%以下,则可以不对舱内谷物进行通风。 

并且通风也只能散去货物表面的热量,但是一旦有货损事故发生。有人会将货损,特别是热损的原因归结为船上通风不当,实际上这是对船上的通风系统缺乏正确的认识和研究所导致的错误结论,片面夸大了船舱通风的作用和意义。

但是航行中必要的货物照料观测记录应该保持

Tem obs fm loading port to discharging port

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精彩回顾

◆ 煤炭的特点和船舶装运注意事项

◆ 散装硫磺安全运输警示

◆ 通过案例谈装运钢材的绑扎

◆ 通过案例谈谈货物短缺的预防和处理

◆ 货舱通风方法及减少汗湿的预防措施

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