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The American Society for Quality (ASQ) suggests the following process for mistake-proofing a procedure: 美国质量协会（ASQ）建议以下流程防错程序：  1. Obtain or create a flowchart of the process and identify areas where human error may occur; 获得或者创建过程流程图，并确定可能会发生人为错误的区域； 2. Work back through the process to identify the source of each potential error; 在整个过程中，找出每个潜在错误的根源； 3. Think of ways to make it possible for each potential error to occur. Consider eliminate the step that causes the error, replacing the step with an error-proof one, or making the correct action easier than the error; 想办法让每一个潜在的错误都可能。考虑消除导致错误的步骤，用防错来替换步骤，或者让正确的操作比错误的操作更容易； 4. If you cannot make it impossible for the error to occur, think of ways to detect the error and minimize its effect; 如果错误无法避免发生，那么，请想办法探测错误，并将其影响最小化； 5. Choose the best mistake-proofing method or device for each error. Test the best mistake-proofing methods for each error, then implement them. 为错误，选择最好的防错法或者设备，并测试最佳的防错方法，然后予以实施。  How to detect and identify defects? 如何探测和识别缺陷？ The TPS defines three methods (known as setting functions) for identifying defects: TPS定义了三种缺陷识别的方法（称为设定功能）：  Contact method: identifies defects by testing the product’s physical attributes such as shape, color, or size 接触法：通过测试产品物理属性（诸如，形状、颜色或者尺寸）来识别缺陷。 Fixed-value (or constant number) method: requires that a certain number of movements are made and alerts the operator if this number has not been met 定值（或常值）法：要求进行一定数量的移动，如果未达到该数值，则向操作员报警。 Motion-step (or sequence) method: determines whether the steps in a process have been followed 动作步骤（/顺序）法：确定流程中的步骤是否已执行 These methods might be performed during inspections at different points throughout a process. Defects might be identified during a successive inspection, which is done at the next step of the process by the next worker; a self-inspection, in which workers check their own work immediately after doing it; and a source inspection, in which conditions are checked before the step takes place. Source inspections are often automatic, and the process cannot proceed until conditions are met. 以上的这些方法，可以在对整个流程中的不同点的检查期间实施。连续检查中，可能会发现缺陷，连续检查是下一道工序的下一个工人来完成的；自检，指的是工人在完成作业后立即检查自己的工作；原料检查，要在措施实施前检查状况。原料检查通常是自动的，在满足条件之前，流程时无法继续进行的。 You can design a process to signal when an error has occurred using two types of signals, known as regulatory functions: 当发生错误时，可以使用两种类型的信号（称为调节功能）设计一个流程来发出信号： Warning functions are bells, buzzers, lights and other sensory signals that alert the worker to the error. 警报功能，包括警铃、蜂鸣器、灯光和其他感知信号，提醒工人关注错误。 Control functions prevent the process from proceeding until the error is corrected (if the error has already taken place) or conditions are correct (if the inspection was a source inspection and the error has not yet occurred). 控制功能，可防止流程继续进行，直到错误得以纠正（如果错误已经发生的话），或者条件正确（如果检查是货源检查，而且错误尚未发生）。 While a control function makes it impossible for the process to continue if an error exists, a warning function sounds an alarm to alert the operator to the defect. 如果错误存在，而控制功能让流程无法继续进行时，警报功能会发出警报，提醒操作员有缺陷。 点击下图直接购买以下商品： |
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