摘要 食管胃结合部腺癌(AEG)近年来发病率呈逐年上升之势,其在诊断、淋巴结转移规律和消化道重建方式等均有别于胃上部癌。目前,胃癌保功能手术得到广泛关注,近端胃切除(PG)也得到越来越多的应用。除需保障充分的肿瘤根治之外,患者术后短期的顺利恢复与长期的生活质量同样重要,近端胃术后消化道重建对此具有重要意义。笔者根据自身的实践经验,在临床工作中,按照AEG的Siewert分型选择不同的手术切除范围和消化道重建方式,对于Siewert Ⅱ型AEG,多采用腹腔镜PG,消化道重建多采用腹腔镜下食管管状胃侧侧吻合或双通道吻合。相信随着长期随访结果的出现以及多中心随机对照研究的开展,一些具有争议的问题会有更好的解答。我们应当关注患者的个体化差异,针对不同个体,结合术者经验,在保证肿瘤根治的基础上,采用合适的手术切除范围和消化道重建方式,为患者带来更好的长期生活质量。 近年来,虽然胃癌的总体发生率有所下降,但2020年全球仍有超过100万的新发病例,其发病率位居所有癌种第5位,病死率居第4位;而在世界范围内,东亚地区胃癌发病率最高[1]。近半个世纪以来,非胃上部癌的发病率持续下降,而食管胃结合部腺癌(adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction,AEG)的发病率不仅在欧洲和北美有逐年上升的趋势,在东亚的发病率亦有所增加[1,2,3]。日本国立癌症中心医院数据显示,40年间AEG比率上升了7.3%[4]。在我国的AEG传统高发地区,其发病率依旧呈现逐年增高的趋势。 AEG指跨越食管胃结合部(esophagogastric junction,EGJ)、且肿瘤中心位于EGJ上下5 cm以内的腺癌。AEG在诊断、区域淋巴结转移规律、手术路径的选择以及消化道重建方式等方面,均有别于下段食管癌或胃上部癌。目前,在临床上较为公认的AEG分型方式为Siewert分型,该分型方式根据肿瘤中心的位置将AEG分为3种类型:Ⅰ型为肿瘤中心位于EGJ上1~5 cm;Ⅱ型为肿瘤中心位于EGJ上1 cm至下2 cm;Ⅲ型为肿瘤中心位于EGJ下2~5 cm。 日本Nishi分型中的腺癌与SiewertⅡ型AEG基本一致。在2021年修订发行的第6版日本《胃癌治疗指南》中对于术式的选择明确指出,按照日本Nishi分型,对cN+或T2以上的AEG,如肿瘤长径<4 cm,可行近端胃切除(proximal gastrectomy,PG),对于cN0的T1肿瘤,如为胃上部且可保留1/2以上胃的患者,亦可行PG[5]。针对Siewert具体分型的手术切除范围,SiewertⅠ型AEG手术切除范围通常等同于下段食管癌,在国内的临床学科上多由胸外科负责实施;Ⅲ型则一般更多地采取全胃切除术[6];仅在部分早期病例、且残胃可保留>1/2以上时,可考虑PG。而SiewertⅡ型AEG的幽门上、下淋巴结转移率均<2%[7]。因此,大部分SiewertⅡ型AEG可以行PG。 与全胃切除相比,PG在术后胃肠功能、营养状况等方面具有一定优势。Takiguchi等[8]在一项多中心研究中报道,PG在体质量减轻、额外膳食必要性、发生腹泻和倾倒综合征方面优于全胃切除术。特别是在近端胃切除后的食管胃吻合中,Inada等[9]报道,残胃超过3/4的患者与残胃只有2/3的患者相比,腹泻评分和额外膳食必要性更低。临床上预防PG后胃食管反流的方法越来越多,也越来越有效。对于肿瘤学安全性,Toyomasu等[10]比较了102例PG和69例全胃切除患者术后5年总体生存率差异无统计学意义(97.1%比94.2%,P=0.69)。 近年来,开展腹腔镜PG的胃肠外科逐年增多[11,12]。而消化道重建一直是PG争议的焦点和难点。PG术后有两种主要的重建方法:一种是食管残胃吻合,另一种是食管空肠吻合。食管残胃吻合包括单纯食管残胃吻合、食管管状胃吻合、Side Overlap(SOFY)吻合以及双肌瓣成形术(double-flap technique,DFT)。食管空肠吻合包括双通道法、空肠间置和空肠储袋间置方法。由于AEG比胃上部癌食管切断位置更高,吻合平面也更高,需要谨慎选择吻合方式。作者将结合自身经验,就AEG行腹腔镜PG后消化道重建的具体类别及方式进行阐述及讨论。 1.食管残胃吻合: 1.空肠间置: 1.是否需行幽门成形术: 滑动阅读参考文献 [1]SungH, FerlayJ, SiegelRL,et al. 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