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饼图或者说扇形图在统计分析结果展示中非常常用，R语言自带做饼图的函数pie，做起来非常简单，只需提供比例，样品名称即可。 #构建数据ratio <- c(24.2, 21.9, 7.6, 5.2,4.3,3.2,2.6,2.6,1.8,1.8,24.8)disease <- c("Heart disease", "Cancer","injuries", "CPD", "Stroke",'Type2 diabetes',"AD","Suicide", "IP","Chronic liver disease","Other")
pie(ratio, labels=disease, radius = 1.0,clockwise=T, main = "Male individuals")
默认的颜色只有6中，循环使用的，不过这个颜色可以自定义。
#自定义颜色colors <-c('#E5D2DD', '#53A85F', '#F1BB72', '#F3B1A0', '#D6E7A3', '#57C3F3', '#476D87', '#E59CC4', '#AB3282', '#23452F', '#BD956A')pie(ratio, labels=disease, radius = 1.0,clockwise=T, col = colors, main = "Male individuals")
用pie作图其实就够了，但奈何很“卷”，有其他好看的饼图，所以接下来还是结合ggplot2与ggforce做可以变换的饼图，例如空心饼图。单独用ggplot2作图比较繁琐，不建议去尝试了，太费时间没必要。
先做一个基本的饼图。
A <- data.frame(ratio, disease)#构建一个数据框library(ggplot2)library(ggforce)
ggplot()+ theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor = element_blank(), axis.ticks = element_blank(), axis.text.y = element_blank(), axis.text.x = element_blank(), legend.title=element_blank(), panel.border = element_blank(), panel.background = element_blank())+#去除没用的ggplot背景，坐标轴 xlab("")+ylab('')+#添加颜色 scale_fill_manual(values = c('#E5D2DD', '#53A85F', '#F1BB72', '#F3B1A0', '#D6E7A3', '#57C3F3', '#476D87', '#E59CC4', '#AB3282', '#23452F', '#BD956A'))+ geom_arc_bar(data=A, stat = "pie", aes(x0=0,y0=0,r0=0,r=2, amount=ratio,fill=disease) )+#饼图 annotate("text",x=1.6,y=1.5,label="24.20%",angle=-50)+ annotate("text",x=1.6,y=-1.5,label="21.9%",angle=45)+ annotate("text",x=0,y=-2.2,label="7.6%",angle=0)+ annotate("text",x=-0.8,y=-2,label="5.2%",angle=-20)+ annotate("text",x=-1.3,y=-1.7,label="4.3%",angle=-40)+ annotate("text",x=-1.6,y=1.5,label="24.8%",angle=45)#手动注释，还是很麻烦
要想得到空心饼图，只需要将geom_arc_bar参数中r0改为1即可。 geom_arc_bar(data=A, stat = "pie", aes(x0=0,y0=0,r0=1,r=2, amount=ratio,fill=disease))
想要分割饼图，geom_arc_bar中添加explode参数。
geom_arc_bar(data=A, stat = "pie", aes(x0=0,y0=0,r0=1,r=2, amount=ratio,fill=disease, explode=c(0.05,0.1,0.05,0.05, 0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.1,0.1)) )
可以发现，以上作图有一个bug就是添加比例标记很麻烦，要想实现自动化需要编写函数很麻烦。参考：https:///questions/52960015/how-to-avoid-label-overlap-in-pie-chart。可以先将每个标签角度计算好，再添加，结果还好。 ratio <- c(24.2, 21.9, 7.6, 5.2,4.3,3.2,2.6,2.6,1.8,1.8,24.8)disease <- c("Heart disease", "Cancer","injuries", "CPD", "Stroke",'Type2 diabetes',"AD","Suicide", "IP","Chronic liver disease","Other")Group <- c("male","male","male","male","male","male", "male","male","male","male","male")A <- data.frame(Group, disease,ratio)#添加角度A_pies4 <- left_join(A, A %>% group_by(Group) %>% summarize(Cnt_total = sum(ratio))) %>% group_by(Group) %>% mutate(end_angle = 2*pi*cumsum(ratio)/Cnt_total, start_angle = lag(end_angle, default = 0), mid_angle = 0.5*(start_angle + end_angle)) #添加位置rlabel = 0.6 A_pies4 <- mutate(A_pies4, hjust = ifelse(mid_angle>pi, 1, 0), vjust = ifelse(mid_angle<pi/2 | mid_angle>3*pi/2, 0, 1))
rlabel = 1.05#作图很前面一样，环形做法亦是如此ggplot(A_pies4) + geom_arc_bar(aes(x0 = 0, y0 = 0, r0 = 0, r = 1, start = start_angle, end = end_angle, fill = disease))+ geom_text_repel(aes(x = rlabel*sin(mid_angle), y = rlabel*cos(mid_angle), label = paste0 (round(ratio), "%"), hjust = hjust, vjust = vjust),nudge_x = .1, segment.size = 0.5, show.legend = FALSE) + coord_fixed() + scale_fill_manual(values = c('#E5D2DD', '#53A85F', '#F1BB72', '#F3B1A0', '#D6E7A3', '#57C3F3', '#476D87', '#E59CC4', '#AB3282', '#23452F', '#BD956A'))+ scale_x_continuous(limits = c(-1.2, 1.2), name = "", breaks = NULL, labels = NULL) + scale_y_continuous(limits = c(-1.2, 1.2), name = "", breaks = NULL, labels = NULL) + theme_void()+ theme(plot.title = element_text(size = 14, hjust = 0.5))+ labs(title = "Male individuals")
好了以上就是饼图的内容了，其本质是为了统计比例，结果解读比较直观，我们也是跟风做了一些变换的图形，其实最简单的饼图就可以了，各取所需。此外，还有很多其他方法制作饼图，感兴趣的自行百度了解。
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