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逻辑连接词这个概念不难理解，就是连接两个独立句子，显示两句话逻辑关系的词语。从形式上看，逻辑连接词可分为三类：a. 连词，如and、but、because、until和although等等；b. 副词，包括therefore、however、consequently、nevertheless和besides等等；c. 副词性短语，如in reality、at the same time、for instance、in other words和to summarize等等。具体的逻辑关系分类大家可以参考下面这张图。 作者在书中指出，中式英语常常会漏掉或用错逻辑连接词。为什么中国小伙伴会犯这个错误呢？我们来看两个中文句子，试着分析中英文差异吧。 A: 今天下雨了，我没有出门。 B: 因为今天下雨了，所以我没有出门。 大家看这两句话，A句没有用逻辑连接词“因为……，所以……”，但不难看出逻辑是因果关系，对不对？相比起来，虽然B句用上了逻辑连接词，意思清楚，但读起来是不是有点不自然？ 没错，这就是中文一大特点——“形散神不散”。很多时候，中文不必使用连接词，逻辑暗含在行文之中。恰恰相反，英文要求逻辑显化，绝对不能说It rained today, I didn’t go out，而要加上逻辑连接词，写成I didn’t go out because it rained today。正因为中英语言存在这一差异，我们经常会犯逻辑连接词错误。 如何正确使用逻辑连接词？ 在使用逻辑连接词时，我们要记住3C原则，也就是“continuity, coherence, and clarity”。如果两句话之间的过渡比较自然，那么没有必要滥用逻辑连接词。相反，如果逻辑关系不够清楚，过渡有些突兀，就要使用逻辑连接词。我们来看三种遗漏逻辑连接词的情况。 A: As for the Chinese, in the stage of strategic defensive, the Kuomintang troops staged one retreat after another in front-line battlefields. Although the people's anti-Japanese forces had expanded, they were far from being able to carry out a strategic counter-offensive. B: As for the Chinese, in the stage of strategic defensive, the Kuomintang troops had retreated time after time from front-line battlefields. And although the people's anti-Japanese forces had expanded, they were far from being able to carry out a strategic counter-offensive. 分析： 第一句的主要信息是“在战略防御阶段，国民党在前线节节败退”，第二句是“虽然抗日人民力量不断扩大，但还不足以进行战略反击”。第二句开头有逻辑连接词although，但although体现的是这句话内部的逻辑关系。那第一句和第二句之间是什么关系呢？没错，是顺接关系，B句加上and就显化了这一关系。 A: During the next six months, because the British side stuck to its position on the question of sovereignty over Hong Kong, there was no progress in the negotiations. In March 1983 Mrs. Thatcher wrote to the Chinese Premier promising that at a certain stage she would propose to the British Parliament that sovereignty over all of Hong Kong be returned to China. B: During the next six months, because the British side stuck to its position on the question of sovereignty over Hong Kong, there was no progress in the negotiations. In March 1983, however, Mrs. Thatcher wrote to the Chinese Premier promising that at a certain stage she would propose to the British Parliament that sovereignty over all of Hong Kong be returned to China. 分析： 第一句在说香港谈判没有取得进展，如果两句之间没有任何逻辑连接，大家都会默认接下来也是顺接关系，讲谈判失败的内容等等。但是下一句讲到撒切尔夫人松口，是转折关系，如果不加上however，就会显得突兀。另外，作者也提到如果不想表示强烈的转折，可以把however插入句中，不要放在开头。 A: Private schools are in difficulty now because they can no longer rely on warlords and bureaucrat-capitalists for financial resources as they used to. Their school farmland was distributed to peasants during the agrarian reform. The government should show concern for these difficulties. B: Private schools are having difficulties now, because they can no longer rely on warlords and bureaucrat-capitalists for financial support, and because their farmland was distributed to peasants during the agrarian reform. The government should concern itself with these difficulties. 分析： 句子的主要信息是“私立学校陷入困境”，最后呼吁政府关注这些困难。那么原文第二句“学校土地分给农民”和上下文是什么关系呢？其实是因果关系，“不能依赖军阀、资本家”和“土地被分给农民”都是学校陷入困境的原因。作者指出，因果关系的逻辑没有顺接和转折明显，有时读者难以自己判断，因此因果逻辑连接词更加重要。 我们今天就学习这三个逻辑连接词遗漏的案例，初步了解逻辑连接词的重要性。下周，小编将为大家介绍有“死亡二词组”之称的while和with，敬请期待！
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