“夏至”的英文表达，看这一篇就够了！(附视频）

视界·节气表达

A Small Pond

Yang Wanli

From fountainheads water streaks out thin and quiet.

泉眼无声惜细流，

Soft and Sunny are trees reflected in the pond.

树阴照水爱晴柔。

A slim lotus leaf, not yet unfurled, scarcely appears

小荷才露尖尖角，

When on its pointed tip a dragonfly is alighted.

早有蜻蜓立上头。

- 《小池》宋·杨万里

“夏至”是中国传统二十四节气（the 24 traditional Chinese solar terms）中的第十个节气，英文是Summer Solstice。

The summer solstice marks the first day of astronomical summer.

天文学上，夏至标志着夏天的第一天。

Summer Solstice：the longest day of the year 最长的白天

At this time, much of the northern hemisphere receives the most hours of daylight, but it does not bring the hottest temperatures which will come only 20 to 30 days later.

在此期间，北半球绝大多数地方接受着最长的日照，但最严酷的高温在20至30天后才会出现。

The longest day of the year

中国最长的一天是多长时间?据专家严家荣介绍，在中国最北端黑龙江省漠河，算上黎明和晚霞，这一天持续了近17个小时。夏至是“中国不夜城”漠河观赏极光的最佳时节。

夏至节气到了，小编为您准备了一些教学干货，快来一起看看吧～

一

教学素材视频导入

首先，老师可以将2022年北京冬奥会开幕盛典上的二十四节气倒计时短片作为课堂引入，吸引学生对夏至节气的兴趣。

当学生们对夏至有一定的知识储备后，老师可以引导学生们观看新华社CNC推出的大型纪录片Seasons of China《四季中国》，其中第10集对夏至进行了长达20分钟的介绍。该段视频生词量不多，结合双语字幕和上下文，可作为课后知识补充所使用，可以帮助学生们补充夏至节气相关的文化背景知识。

二

与summer相关表达

三

夏至相关表达

“Summer Solstice” comes on June 21 to June 22 each year when the sun altitude arrive the highest in north. This day has the longest day time of the year in the Northern Hemisphere and the sunshine in many cities in south China may last fourteen hours per day.After this day, the spot of the direct sunlight gradually moves southward.

和其他节气一样，夏至也分为三候，指的是中国古代动植物发生的变化。《夏至》的三候是:一候鹿角解；二候蝉始鸣；三候半夏生。这些现象与夏至期间的湿热气候密切相关。

Like other solar terms, Xiazhi is also divided into three pentads, which refers to the changes happened in animals and plants according to ancient Chinese people. The three pentads in Xiazhi are: the antlers of deer will begin to fall; the singing of cicada can be heard frequently; and a type of Chinese herb medicine called Banxia (crow-dipper) will thrive. These phenomena are strongly related to the hot and humid climate during the Xiazhi.

四

夏至风俗习惯

— 举行祭祀 —

芒种在农历五月间，春日的百花禁不住日渐猛烈的农人将四季和每个季节的开始与结束统称为四时八节。夏至最长的日照时间使得古人们相信这天的阳气最盛，因而夏至在二十四节气中拥有十分重要的地位。

Chinese farmers refer to the four seasons and the beginning and end of each season collectively as “si shi ba jie”(literally, four seasons and eight solar terms). The Summer Solstice is the day with the most daylight hours throughout the year and was considered by the ancient Chinese to be the day with the strongest Yang energy. It has become one of the most important solar terms.

自古以来就有在夏至进行祭祀的习俗。从周朝开始，百姓就会在夏至祭祀神灵，希望能清除饥荒、瘟疫和死亡。

It has long been a custom to hold sacrificial ceremonies during the Summer Solstice. Since the Zhou Dynasty, people have offered sacrifices to gods on this day, hoping that they will eliminate famine, pestilence and death.

从农业角度来说，夏收已经结束，秋收作物也已经种下，农民们希望通过祭祀祈祷感恩上天在夏收时的恩赐，另一方面祈求秋收作物也取得好收成。

In agriculture, at this time the summer harvest is over and autumn crops have been planted. By making offerings to gods, farmers express their gratitude for the summer harvest and pray for a good harvest in autumn.

— 消夏避暑 —

古时候没有空调，古代的平民百姓会用扇子扇风纳凉，用粉脂囊中的脂粉涂抹身体，防生热痱和驱赶蚊虫。

There was no air conditioning in ancient times so the common people used fans to beat the heat. They also applied perfume powder to their body to prevent heat rash and repel mosquitoes.

夏至这天，古代妇女们还会互相赠送彩扇和粉脂囊，用这些祛暑的实用小物件维系友谊。

On the Summer Solstice, women gave each other coloured fans and powder pouches, using these small useful gifts to strengthen their friendships.

古代宫廷还会用冰块消暑。据史料记载，早在明代宫廷就已经会将冬天的冰储藏在冰窖内，待到夏天再将冰块取出，为皇宫贵族们带来夏日的清凉。

In the imperial palace, people also used ice for cooling. According to historical records, as early as the Ming dynasty, people in the palace made ice in winter and preserved it in ice cellars. The ice would be taken out in the next summer for the nobility to keep cool.

— 吃夏至面 —

我国有一句俗语：“冬至饺子，夏至面”，吃夏至面是我国汉族的一种传统风俗。

There is a saying in China: “Eat dumplings on the Winter Solstice and noodles on the Summer Solstice.” Eating noodles during the Summer Solstice is a traditional custom for the Han Chinese.

不同的地区流行的夏至面各有特色，有些地区的人相信夏天属火，所以吃生冷的食物既能降暑，又不会因寒凉损害肠胃，所以他们会在夏至用凉水冷却煮熟的面条，捞出后加入料汁制成凉面。

Different regions have their own special Summer Solstice noodles. People in some areas believe summer falls under the Fire Element (one of the five basic elements in Chinese philosophy), and that eating cold food at this time can relieve the summer heat without putting too much burden on the stomach. So, during the Summer Solstice, they make cold noodles by cooling them in cold water and then mixing them with sauce.

吃夏至面的习俗也源自于农业：此时夏收麦子已经完成收获，用新麦做成面条品尝，也有尝新和祈福的意味。

This eating custom has its roots in agriculture. By this time, the summer wheat has been harvested. Making noodles with the new wheat is a good way to taste the new grains and pray for good luck.

五

除了“hot”，热的表达

六

各种“冰淇淋”怎么表达？

看到这里，小伙伴们是不是已经汗流浃背啦？贴心的小编意准备了冰爽套餐，就是下面这串“冰淇淋”相关的表达↓

1. 冰棍 popsicle/ ice lolly/ ice pop

I prefer popsicles to ice cream when it's scorching hot. 

天气很炎热的时候，比起冰淇淋，我更喜欢吃冰棍。

2. 甜筒 cone

cone的本意是圆锥体，是不是很形象呢？

sugar cone 蛋卷甜筒

wafer cone 威化甜筒

waffle cone 华夫甜筒

Please give me two scoops, strawberry and mango, in a waffle cone.

我要草莓拼芒果的两球冰淇凌，要华夫筒的。

3. 圣代  sundae

圣代一般由冰淇淋球做成，不过它里面可丰富了，除了美味的酱料（sauce）和糖浆（syrup），你还可以选择加各种配料（toppings），例如糖果粒（sprinkles）、坚果（nuts）、水果等。

I'd like a banana fudge sundae to go.

我要外带一份香蕉圣代。

4. 奶昔 milkshake

奶昔是将牛奶或冰淇淋，以及水果、巧克力等配料混合或搅拌至产生气泡的饮料。

Can you get me an apple pie and a chocolate milkshake?

可不可以帮我买个苹果派和一杯巧克力奶昔？

5. 冰沙 smoothie

也可以写作 smoothy，相对于奶昔，冰沙冰块较多且细腻。

Each morning I start my day with a delicious mango smoothie, which I recently learned how to make.

每天早上我吃一份芒果冰沙，这是我最近刚学会做的。

6. 意大利冰淇淋 gelato

并非所有的冰淇淋都可以称为 gelato，源自意大利语的 gelato 通常被译为手工冰淇淋或是意式冰淇淋，而我们常见的 ice cream 更多是指美式冰淇淋。

The oranges have also been used to create gelato、sorbet and Italian soda.

橘子也被用来制造意大利冰淇淋、冰糕和意大利苏打水。

七

与夏至相关的成语

杯弓蛇影

你知道吗？“杯弓蛇影”这个成语是与夏至有关的，相关故事被记载在东汉学者应劭的《风俗通义》中。

相传杜宣在夏至这天参加了一场宴会，他将弓投在杯中的倒影误认为是蛇。出于对上司的惧怕，他硬着头皮喝下了酒。宴会后，他感到腹痛，即使看了许多医生也不见效。最后，他发现是自己误将墙上的红弓在杯中的倒影当作了蛇，于是便康复了。后来，人们用这个成语来指代那些疑神疑鬼吓唬自己的人。

bellyache：腹痛