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Stress affects all systems of the body including the musculoskeletal, respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine, gastrointestinal, nervous, and reproductive systems.压力影响身体的所有系统，包括肌肉骨骼系统、呼吸系统、心血管系统、内分泌系统、胃肠系统、神经系统和生殖系统。
Our bodies are well equipped to handle stress in small doses, but when that stress becomes long-term or chronic, it can have serious effects on your body.我们的身体能够很好地处理小剂量的压力，但是当压力变成长期或慢性的，它会对你的身体产生严重的影响。
Musculoskeletal system When the body is stressed, muscles tense up. Muscle tension is almost a reflex reaction to stress—the body’s way of guarding against injury and pain.当身体受到压力时，肌肉就会紧张起来。肌肉紧张几乎是对压力的反射性反应——身体防止受伤和疼痛的一种方式。 With sudden onset stress, the muscles tense up all at once, and then release their tension when the stress passes. Chronic stress causes the muscles in the body to be in a more or less constant state of guardedness. When muscles are taut and tense for long periods of time, this may trigger other reactions of the body and even promote stress-related disorders.在突然发生的压力下，肌肉会立刻紧张起来，然后当压力过去时释放它们的紧张。长期的压力会导致身体的肌肉或多或少处于一种持续的戒备状态。当肌肉长时间处于紧绷和紧张状态时，这可能会引发身体的其他反应，甚至促进与压力有关的疾病。 For example, both tension-type headache and migraine headache are associated with chronic muscle tension in the area of the shoulders, neck and head. Musculoskeletal pain in the low back and upper extremities has also been linked to stress, especially job stress.例如，紧张型头痛和偏头痛都与肩、颈和头部的慢性肌肉紧张有关。下背部和上肢的肌肉骨骼疼痛也与压力有关，尤其是工作压力。 Millions of individuals suffer from chronic painful conditions secondary to musculoskeletal disorders. Often, but not always, there may be an injury that sets off the chronic painful state. What determines whether or not an injured person goes on to suffer from chronic pain is how they respond to the injury. Individuals who are fearful of pain and re-injury, and who seek only a physical cause and cure for the injury, generally have a worse recovery than individuals who maintain a certain level of moderate, physician-supervised activity. Muscle tension, and eventually, muscle atrophy due to disuse of the body, all promote chronic, stress-related musculoskeletal conditions.数百万人患有继发于肌肉骨骼疾病的慢性疼痛。通常，但并不总是，有可能是一个伤害，引发慢性疼痛状态。决定一个受伤的人是否继续遭受慢性疼痛的是他们对伤害的反应。那些害怕疼痛和再次受伤的人，那些只寻求身体原因和治疗的人通常比那些保持一定程度的温和的、由医生监督的活动的人恢复得更差。肌肉紧张，并最终，肌肉萎缩，由于不用身体，所有促进慢性，压力相关的肌肉骨骼条件。 Relaxation techniques and other stress-relieving activities and therapies have been shown to effectively reduce muscle tension, decrease the incidence of certain stress-related disorders, such as headache, and increase a sense of well-being. For those who develop chronic pain conditions, stress-relieving activities have been shown to improve mood and daily function.放松技术和其他压力缓解活动和疗法已被证明能有效地降低肌肉紧张，降低某些压力相关疾病的发生率，如头痛，并增加幸福感。对于那些患有慢性疼痛的人来说，缓解压力的活动已经被证明可以改善情绪和日常功能。 |
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