氨甲环酸可不止能祛斑,带你了解它在皮肤科的更多用法!
一项大型的回顾性病例系列报道了561例患者口服氨甲环酸250mg,每日两次,持续4个月,并报告90%的患者黄褐斑得到改善,停止治疗后仅27.2%的患者复发[1]。
夏尔马等人报道,100例患者口服氨甲环酸250mg,每日两次,与皮内氨甲环酸4mg/mL显微注射,每周一次,持续3个月,两种给药途径进行比较,疗效相似[2]。但一项皮内氨甲环酸注射频率较低(每月4mg/mL)的研究表明,皮内注射氨甲环酸的疗效低于口服氨甲环酸250mg,每日两次,复发率更高,这表明皮内氨甲环酸注射应更频繁,以达到与口服氨甲环酸 相当的疗效[3]。
外用氨甲环酸对黄褐斑的疗效研究较少,一项包含60名患者的研究表明,外用5%氨甲环酸,每日两次,与2%氢醌,每日两次,持续12周对比,发现黄褐斑色素沉着减少量无显著差异[4]。
氨甲环酸是一种长期存在的抗纤维蛋白溶解剂,在皮肤病学中具有多种用途。 口服和皮内注射氨甲环酸已用于治疗黄褐斑。 口服氨甲环酸可预防遗传性血管性水肿发作。 氨甲环酸的不良反应包括腹痛、腹胀、恶心和呕吐、麻木或面部瘙痒、耳鸣、短暂性遗忘、震颤、痛经、脱毛、面部多毛症、唇部或眶周肿胀以及心悸。 应告知患者血栓栓塞事件的罕见风险,并在开始治疗前确定潜在的危险因素。
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