 “被打的小孩”这一意象带有现代文化的特质，因而超出了个体的心理历程——前俄狄浦斯之与同胞之竞争；俄狄浦斯之对父亲之欲望；对自身人格气质的定向；文明之负罪感对个体的渗透…… 图象中的要素被移置（挨打的人从他人变成自己再变成他人，打人者从父亲变成老师等），形式被扩大（鞭打扩大为羞辱和贬低）。而且，阶段之间有显隐梦之联系。人以不同的解释使图像贯穿了生命。 这是弗洛伊德的一篇重要文献。推荐收藏，反复阅读。 01 译本一： 一个正挨打的小孩： 一份关于性倒错起源研究的文献 A child is being beaten：a contribution to the study of the origin of sexuaal perversions （XVII，177-204），Freud 1919e 弗洛伊德 著作弗洛伊德 李俊宏 翻译 韩诚一、范钧杰 校对 清清风 播读 详 见： （点击上方链接可至相关章节） 02 译本二： A child is being beaten 一个被打的小孩 I It is surprising how often people who seek analytic treatment for hysteria or an obsessional neurosis confess to having indulged in the phantasy: 'A child is being beaten.’ Very probably there are still more frequent instances of it among the far greater number of people who have not been obliged to come to analysis by manifest illness. 令人惊奇的是，那些由于癔症和强迫性神经症前来寻求分析治疗的人往往会坦白他们沉溺于“一个孩子正在被打”的幻想。很可能在更多的人中存在这样的例子，但这些人由于没有表现出明显的疾病而没有前来寻求分析。 The phantasy has feelings of pleasure attached to it, and on their account the patient has reproduced it on innumerable occasions in the past or may even still be doing so. At the climax of the imaginary situation there is almost invariably a masturbatory satisfaction - carried out, that is to say, on the genitals. At first this takes place voluntarily, but later on it does so in spite of the patient's efforts, and with the characteristics of an obsession. 这种幻想带有一种快感，因此病人曾多次重复这一幻想，并且可能现在仍这样做。在这一想象情形的顶点，总是会伴随一种手淫性满足——即发生在生殖器上。起初这种行为可能是自愿的，但之后病人会不顾父母的阻止而坚持这样做。它因此带有强迫症的特征。 It is only with hesitation that this phantasy is confessed to. Its first appearance is recollected with uncertainty. The analytic treatment of the topic is met by unmistakable resistance. Shame and a sense of guilt are perhaps more strongly excited in this connection than when similar accounts are given of memories of the beginning of sexual life. Eventually it becomes possible to establish that the first phantasies of the kind were entertained very early in life: certainly before school age, and not later than in the fifth or sixth year. When the child was at school and saw other children being beaten by the teacher, then, if the phantasies had become dormant, this experience called them up again, or, if they were still present, it reinforced them and noticeably modified their content. From that time forward it was 'an indefinite number’ of children that were being beaten. The influence of the school was so clear that the patients concerned were at first tempted to trace back their beating-phantasies exclusively to these impressions of school life, which dated from later than their sixth year. But it was never possible for them to maintain that position; the phantasies had already been in existence before. 这种幻想总是以一种犹豫、踌躇的方式被说出来。我们难以确认它的首次出现。对这一主题的分析治疗总是遭到明显的抵抗。相比于性生活开端的记忆，在这种情况下，羞耻和一种罪恶感表现的更加强烈。因此我们或许可以证实这类重要的幻想可能很早就存在于生活中：一定在学龄前，并且不晚于五六岁。当一个孩子在学校看见其他孩子被老师打的时候，1）如果这种被打的幻想已陷入沉睡，那它就会被这种经历所唤醒；2）如果它一直在场，这一经历就会强化它，并且改变其内容。从那时起，便会有“数不清”的孩子正在被打。学校的影响是显而易见的：病人总是首先尝试将且只将这种殴打-幻想追溯到六岁以后的学校生活中的某些记忆中。但他们不可能坚持这一立场，因为幻想早已形成。 Though in the higher forms at school the children were no longer beaten, the influence of such occasions was replaced and more than replaced by the effects of reading, of which the importance was soon to be felt. In my patients’ milieu it was almost always the same books whose contents gave a new stimulus to the beating-phantasies: those accessible to young people, such as what was known as the 'Bibliothèque rose’, Uncle Tom's Cabin, etc. The child began to compete with these works of fiction by producing his own phantasies and by constructing a wealth of situations and institutions, in which children were beaten, or were punished and disciplined in some other way, because of their naughtiness and bad behaviour. 尽管在学校的高年级中，孩子不再被打了，但这些场合的影响被阅读的影响所代替，但又不仅仅只是被代替。阅读的重要性很快就被认知到。在我一些病人的情形中，总是同一些书的内容对殴打-幻想产生了新的刺激：那些能被年轻人轻易接触到的书，比如《玫瑰书库[1]》，《汤姆叔叔的小屋》等等。通过制造自身的幻想和构建大量的情形，儿童开始与这类虚构作品竞争。在这些情形中，儿童由于他们的调皮和不良行为以其他的方式被惩罚或训诫。 This phantasy - 'a child is being beaten’ - was invariably cathected with a high degree of pleasure and had its issue in an act of pleasurable auto-erotic satisfaction. It might therefore be expected that the sight of another child being beaten at school would also be a source of similar enjoyment. But as a matter of fact this was never so. The experience of real scenes of beating at school produced in the child who witnessed them a peculiarly excited feeling which was probably of a mixed character and in which repugnance had a large share. In a few cases the real experience of the scenes of beating was felt to be intolerable. Moreover, it was always a condition of the more sophisticated phantasies of later years that the punishment should do the children no serious injury. “一个孩子正在被打”，这一幻想总是被投注了高度的愉悦感。它来源于一种快乐的自体性欲（auto-erotic）满足行为。因此我们可能认为，在学校里看到另一个孩子正在被打的场景可能也会成为类似享乐的来源。但实际上并非如此。在学校被打的真实场景会在那个看到这一幕的孩子心中产生一种强烈的兴奋感。这种兴奋感带有复杂的特征，并且厌恶感在其中占据了很大一部分。而在一些情形中，被打这一场景的真实体验则是无法忍受的。并且，在之后的岁月里，更复杂的幻想总是带有这样一个条件，那就是惩罚不应该对孩子们造成严重伤害。 The question was bound to arise of what relation there might be between the importance of the beating-phantasies and the part that real corporal punishment might have played in the child's bringing up at home. It was impossible, on account of the one-sidedness of the material, to confirm the first suspicion that the relation was an inverse one. The individuals from whom the data for these analyses were derived were very seldom beaten in their childhood, or were at all events not brought up by the help of the rod. Naturally, however, each of these children was bound to have become aware at one time or another of the superior physical strength of its parents or educators; the fact that in every nursery the children themselves at times come to blows requires no special emphasis. 随之而来的问题就是：殴打-幻想的重要性和在儿童家庭成长过程中上演的真实体罚会有何种联系。由于材料的片面性，我们不可能证实最初的怀疑，即这两者的关系是此消彼长的。在这些资料所来源的个人中，他们在童年时期很少被打，或者完全不是在棍棒教育中长大的。但自然而然地，每一个人都会在某个时期感受到其父母或者教育者体力的优越性。下面这一事实无需强调：在每一个幼儿园中，儿童可能时不时地被打。 As regards the early and simple phantasies which could not be obviously traced to the influence of school impressions or of scenes taken from books, further information would have been welcome. Who was the child that was being beaten? The one who was himself producing the phantasy or another? Was it always the same child or as often as not a different one? Who has it that was beating the child? A grown-up person? And if so, who? Or did the child imagine that he himself was beating another one? Nothing could be ascertained that threw any light upon all these questions - only the hesitant reply: 'I know nothing more about it: a child is being beaten.’ 对于这些早期而简单的，却又无法被明确地追溯至学校印象或是书中场景影响的幻想，我们需要进一步的信息。谁是被打的孩子？是产生幻想的本人还是其他人？是否都是同一个人还是会经常被变换对象？谁是打孩子的人？一个成年人？如果的确如此，那又是谁呢？或者孩子幻想他正在打别人？没有任何东西能解释所有这些问题。只有一个迟疑不定的回答：“我只知道如下的事实：'一个孩子正在被打’。” Enquiries as to the sex of the child that was being beaten met with more success, but none the less brought no enlightenment. Sometimes the answer was: 'Always boys', or 'Only girls'; more often it was: 'I don't know, or 'It doesn't matter which'. But the point to which the questions were directed, the discovery of some constant relation between the sex of the child producing the phantasy and that of the child that was being beaten, was never established. Now and again another characteristic detail of the content of the phantasy came to light: 'A small child is being beaten on its naked bottom.’ 关于被打的孩子的性别的问询取得了更大的成功，但却没有带来任何启示。有时候答案是：“总是男孩”或“总是女孩”；但经常是“我不知道”或“这不重要”。但是问题指向的那一点，即在产生幻觉的孩子的性别和被殴打的孩子的性别之间某种恒常联系的发现，从未被确定下来。有时，幻想内容的另一个典型细节时不时会出现：“一个小孩正被在打裸露的屁股上。” In these circumstances it was impossible at first even to decide whether the pleasure attaching to the beating-phantasy was to be described as sadistic or masochistic. 在这些情形中，一开始甚至可能无法确定和殴打-幻想联系在一起的快乐，究竟应该被描述为虐待性的还是受虐性的。 II A phantasy of this kind, arising, perhaps from accidental causes, in early childhood and retained for the purpose of auto-erotic satisfaction, can, in the light of our present knowledge, only be regarded as a primary trait of perversion. One of the components of the sexual function has, it seems, developed in advance of the rest, has made itself prematurely independent, has undergone fixation and in consequence been withdrawn from the later processes of development, and has in this way given evidence of a peculiar and abnormal constitution in the individual. We know that an infantile perversion of this sort need not persist for a whole lifetime; later on it can be subjected to repression, be replaced by a reaction-formation, or be transformed by sublimation. (It is possible that sublimation arises out of some special process which would be held back by repression.) But if these processes do not take place, then the perversion persists to maturity; and whenever we find a sexual aberration in adults - perversion, fetishism, inversion - we are justified in expecting that anamnestic investigation will reveal an event such as I have suggested, leading to a fixation in childhood. Indeed, long before the days of psycho-analysis, observers like Binet were able to trace the strange sexual aberrations of maturity back to similar impressions and to precisely the same period of childhood, namely, the fifth or sixth year. But at this point the enquiry was confronted with the limitations of our knowledge; for the impressions that brought about the fixation were without any traumatic force. They were for the most part commonplace and unexciting to other people. It was impossible to say why the sexual impulse had undergone fixation particularly upon them. It was possible, however, to look for their significance in the fact that they offered an occasion for fixation (even though it was an accidental one) to precisely that component which was prematurely developed and ready to press forward. We had in any case to be prepared to come to a provisional end somewhere or other in tracing back the train of causal connection; and the congenital constitution seemed exactly to correspond with what was required for a stopping-place of that kind. 这类幻想可能是由偶然原因所导致的。它出现于早期的童年生活，并且由于自体性欲满足的目的而被保留下来。根据我们现有的知识来看，我们只能将其视为性变态的一种初级特征。性功能的某一成分似乎在其他部分之前就发展起来。它使自身过早的独立，经过固置（fixation）而退出了之后的发展过程。它通过这一方式证明了在个体中存在一种特殊和反常的构造。我们知道这种类型的幼儿性变态可能并不会持续一生：之后它可能屈服于压抑，被反应-形成所代替，或者通过升华转化（这种升华可能产生于某些压抑功能所抑制的特殊过程）。但如果这些过程没有发生，性倒错就会一直持续到成年期。无论我们在何时发现成年人中的性倒错——变态（性目标方面的变异）、恋物癖、性倒置（性对象方面的变异）——我们都有理由期待对回忆的调查可能会解释我所提出的那种东西。正是这种东西导致了童年时期的一种固置。实际上，在精神分析之前，像Binet一样的观察者就能够将成年时期稀奇古怪的性倒错追溯至一些类似的记忆，而且恰恰是童年的这一时期，即5至6岁。但就这一点来说，调查面临着我们现有知识的限制，因为固置发生的记忆没有受到任何创伤性力量的影响。对其他人来说，它们多半是寻常的。我们不能解释性冲动为什么只在他们身上发生了固置。但我们可以如下的事实中寻找其意义：即他们正好给冲动的那个要素提供了固置的机会（即使是偶然的）。这一要素过早地发展起来并向前推进。无论如何，我们必须准备好在某个地方暂时结束我们对因果关系的追查。先天性的体质似乎完全符合这类要求。 If the sexual component which has broken loose prematurely is the sadistic one, then we may expect, on the basis of knowledge derived from other sources, that its subsequent repression will result in a disposition to an obsessional neurosis. This expectation cannot be said to be contradicted by the results of enquiry. The present short paper is based on the exhaustive study of six cases (four female and two male). Of these, two were cases of obsessional neurosis; one extremely severe and incapacitating, the other of moderate severity and quite well accessible to influence. There was also a third case which at all events exhibited clearly marked individual traits of obsessional neurosis. The fourth case, it must be admitted, was one of straightforward hysteria, with pains and inhibitions; and the fifth patient, who had come to be analysed merely on account of indecisiveness in life, would not have been classified at all by coarse clinical diagnosis, or would have been dismissed as 'psychasthenic’. There is no need for feeling disappointed over these statistics. In the first place, we know that not every disposition is necessarily developed into a disorder; in the second place, we ought to be content to explain the facts before us, and ought as a rule to avoid the additional task of making it clear why something has not taken place. 如果过早摆脱的性要素是虐待性的，那么我们可能根据其他来源的知识推测，随之而来的压抑会导致一种强迫性神经症的倾向。这种推测不会与调查结果相悖。这篇简短的论文立足于六个案例的详尽研究（四个女性两个男性）。其中，两个是强迫性神经症：一个极其严重并且丧失了生活能力。另一种则是中度严重，并且较容易受影响。而第三个案例则表现出明显的强迫性神经症的个体特征。第四个案例，必须承认是一种明确的癔症。它伴随着痛苦和禁令。而第五个病人只是由于在生活中犹豫不决而前来分析。他不能通过粗略的临床诊断归类，充其量只是“精神衰弱”。无需对这些数据感到失望。首先，我们知道并每一种倾向都会发展成疾病；其次，我们应该满足于解释我们眼前的事情，并且通常应该避免额外的任务，即明确有些事情为什么没有发生。 The present state of our knowledge would allow us to make our way so far and no further towards the comprehension of beating-phantasies. In the mind of the analytic physician, it is true, there remains an uneasy suspicion that this is not a final solution of the problem. He is obliged to admit to himself that to a great extent these phantasies subsist apart from the rest of the content of a neurosis, and find no proper place in its structure. But impressions of this kind, as I know from my own experience, are only too willingly put on one side. 我们现有的知识不能让我们在殴打-幻想的理解上走的更远的。在分析师的脑海中，的确存在一种令人不安的怀疑，即这不是问题的最终解决方式。分析师必须对自己承认，在很大程度上，这些幻想不同于神经症的其他内容，并且在其结构中没有立足之地。但从我自身的经历来看，这类记忆反而太希望被放在一边了。 III Strictly considered - and why should this question not be considered with all possible strictness? - analytic work deserves to be recognized as genuine psycho-analysis only when it has succeeded in removing the amnesia which conceals from the adult his knowledge of his childhood from its beginning (that is, from about the second to the fifth year). This cannot be said among analysts too emphatically or repeated too often. The motives for disregarding this reminder are, indeed, intelligible. It would be desirable to obtain practical results in a shorter period and with less trouble. But at the present time theoretical knowledge is still far more important to all of us than therapeutic success, and anyone who neglects childhood analysis is bound to fall into the most disastrous errors. The emphasis which is laid here upon the importance of the earliest experiences does not imply any underestimation of the influence of later ones. But the later impressions of life speak loudly enough through the mouth of the patient, while it is the physician who has to raise his voice on behalf of the claims of childhood. 严格来说——为什么这一问题不能被尽可能严格的思考呢？——只有在分析工作成功消除了成年人对其童年开端（即2-5岁）的记忆缺失时，它才能被认为是真正的精神分析工作。但分析者不能太过强调或是过度重复这一说法。事实上，忘记这一要求的动机是明智的。在更短的时间内，较为准确的获得实践结果的做法是可取的。但现在，理论知识对我们所有人来说都比治疗的成功更为重要，并且任何忽视童年分析的人必定会陷入一些最为严重的错误。我所要强调的是：最早期经历的重要性并不意味着忽视后期生活的重要性。但后期生活的记忆已经通过病人的话语被道出了。因而分析师要做的就是为其病人的童年需求发声。 It is in the years of childhood between the ages of two and four or five that the congenital libidinal factors are first awakened by actual experiences and become attached to certain complexes. The beating-phantasies which are now under discussion show themselves only towards the end of this period or after its termination. So it may quite well be that they have an earlier history, that they go through a process of development, that they represent an end-product and not an initial manifestation. 正是在二至四五岁间的童年阶段，先天力比多因子被现实经历所唤醒，并且与某些情结联系在一起。我们所探讨的殴打-幻想只有在这一阶段的末期或者这一阶段结束后才表现出来。所以它们很可能有一段早期历史，并且经历了发展的过程，代表了一种最终产品而不是原初性的显现。 This suspicion is confirmed by analysis. A systematic application of it shows that beating-phantasies have a historical development which is by no means simple, and in the course of which they are changed in most respects more than once as regards their relation to the author of the phantasy, and as regards their object, their content and their significance. 这一怀疑被分析所证实。系统的分析表明殴打-幻想有一个历史性的、复杂的发展阶段。在这一过程中，它们在多个方面发生了多次转变，比如它们与幻想者的关系，与幻想对象、内容及其意义的关系。 In order to make it easier to follow these transformations in beating-phantasies I shall now venture to confine my descriptions to the female cases, which, since they are four as against two, in any case constitute the greater part of my material. Moreover, beating-phantasies in men are connected with another subject, which I shall leave on one side in this paper. In my description I shall be careful to avoid being more schematic than is inevitable for the presentation of an average case. If then on further observation a greater complexity of circumstances should come to light, I shall nevertheless be sure of having before us a typical occurrence, and one, moreover, that is not of an uncommon kind. 为了更容易地追寻殴打-幻想中的这些转变，我尝试将我的描述局限于四个女性案例。因为它们占据了我材料的大多数（四个对二个）。并且，男性的殴打-幻想与另一个主体有关。在这篇文章中我将其置于一边。在我的描述中，我会尽量避免像介绍一般案例那样简化它们。如果之后通过进一步的观察，这些情形更为复杂了，我也仍旧确信我们面前有一个典型的案例和一个并不罕见的情形。 The first phase of beating-phantasies among girls, then, must belong to a very early period of childhood. Some features remain curiously indefinite, as though they were a matter of indifference. The scanty information given by the patients in their first statement, 'a child is being beaten', seems to be justified in respect to this phase. But another of their features can be established with certainty, and to the same effect in every case. The child being beaten is never the one producing the phantasy, but is invariably another child, most often a brother or a sister if there is any. Since this other child may be a boy or a girl, there is no constant relation between the sex of the child producing the phantasy and that of the child being beaten. The phantasy, then, is certainly not masochistic. It would be tempting to call it sadistic, but one cannot neglect the fact that the child producing the phantasy is never doing the beating herself. The actual identity of the person who does the beating remains obscure at first. Only this much can be established: it is not a child but an adult. Later on this indeterminate grown-up person becomes recognizable clearly and unambiguously as the (girl's) father. 在女孩间，殴打-幻想的第一阶段一定属于童年时期非常早的阶段。但一些特征仍旧非常模糊，令人好奇，仿佛他们毫不重要。病人在她们的首个陈述“一个孩子正在被打”中所给出的极少量的信息，就这一阶段来看似乎是理所应当的。但这些幻想的另一个特征是明确的，并且该特征在每个案例中的效果是相同的——被打的孩子永远不是产生幻想的人，而总是另一个人。倘若患者有兄弟姐妹的话，就会是他们。由于这个小孩既可能是男孩也可能是女孩，在产生幻想的人和被打的孩子这两者的性别上没有恒常的联系。我们很容易将其称之为虐待性的，但我们不能忽视如下的事实，即产生幻想的孩子不会自己亲自实施这一行为。起初那个打孩子的人的身份是模糊不清的。我们只能确定他不是一个小孩，而是一个成年人。之后这一身份模糊的成年人被清晰地认出是女孩的父亲。 This first phase of the beating-phantasy is therefore completely represented by the phrase: 'My father is beating the child.’ I am betraying a great deal of what is to be brought forward later when instead of this I say: 'My father is beating the child whom I hate.’ Moreover, one may hesitate to say whether the characteristics of a 'phantasy’ can yet be ascribed to this first step towards the later beating-phantasy. It is perhaps rather a question of recollections of events which have been witnessed, or of desires which have arisen on various occasions. But these doubts are of no importance. 因此，殴打-幻想的第一阶段完全可以被下面的这句话描述：“我的父亲正在打一个孩子。”当我说：“我的父亲正在打一个我厌恶的孩子”时，我违背了我之后想要提出的东西。并且，有人可能会迟疑幻想的这些特征是否能被归因于之后的殴打-幻想的初级阶段。这可能是一个关于目睹过的事件的回忆或者不同场合下所产生的欲望的问题。但这些疑虑并不重要。 Profound transformations have taken place between this first phase and the next. It is true that the person beating remains the same (that is, the father); but the child who is beaten has been changed into another one and is now invariably the child producing the phantasy. The phantasy is accompanied by a high degree of pleasure, and has now acquired a significant content, with the origin of which we shall be concerned later. Now, therefore, the wording runs: 'I am being beaten by my father.’ It is of an unmistakably masochistic character. 在这第一个阶段及其接下来的阶段之间发生了深刻转变。打人的人的确是相同的（即父亲）；但被打的孩子会不断的变换身份，而现在则变成了产生幻想的孩子。这一幻想伴随着高度的快感，并且现在获得了某种重要的内容。我们会在之后探讨这一内容的起源。因此，现在那句话变成了：“我在被我的父亲打。”它无疑带有受虐性的特征。 This second phase is the most important and the most momentous of all. But we may say of it in a certain sense that it has never had a real existence. It is never remembered, it has never succeeded in becoming conscious. It is a construction of analysis, but it is no less a necessity on that account. 第二个阶段是所有阶段中最为重要的。但在某种意义上，我们可以说它从未存在过。它从未被记住，从未踏入意识。它是分析工作所产生的。但尽管如此，它仍然是必需的。 The third phase once more resembles the first. It has the wording which is familiar to us from the patient's statement. The person beating is never the father, but is either left undetermined just as in the first phase, or turns in a characteristic way into a representative of the father, such as a teacher. The figure of the child who is producing the beating-phantasy no longer itself appears in it. In reply to pressing enquiries the patients only declare: 'I am probably looking on.’ Instead of the one child that is being beaten, there are now a number of children present as a rule. Most frequently it is boys who are being beaten (in girls’ phantasies), but none of them is personally known to the subject. The situation of being beaten, which was originally simple and monotonous, may go through the most complicated alterations and elaborations; and punishments and humiliations of another kind may be substituted for the beating itself. But the essential characteristic which distinguishes even the simplest phantasies of this phase from those of the first, and which establishes the connection with the intermediate phase, is this: the phantasy now has strong and unambiguous sexual excitement attached to it, and so provides a means for masturbatory satisfaction. But this is precisely what is puzzling. By what path has the phantasy of strange and unknown boys being beaten (a phantasy which has by this time become sadistic) found its way into the permanent possession of the little girl's libidinal trends? 第三个阶段和第一个阶段相似。它的措辞是我们经常从病人口中听到的。打人的人不再是父亲，它或是像第一阶段一样悬而未决，或是以一种特有的方式变成了父亲的代表，比如老师。产生幻想的孩子的形象不再出现在幻想中。面对步步紧逼的质询，病人只是宣称：“我很可能只是看着。”不再只有一个孩子被打，通常会有一群孩子在场。（在女孩的幻想中，）被打的人通常是男孩。但这些男孩都不是主体所认识的。这一起初简单的被打情境可能经过了一系列最为复杂的选择。并且对另一个人的惩罚和羞辱可能代替的对他的殴打。但区分这一阶段最简单的幻想和第一阶段幻想，并且与过渡性阶段建立起联系的关键特征是如下这一个：幻想如今带有强烈、清晰的性快感，因此提供了一种自慰满足的方式。但这恰恰是令人惊讶的。陌生男孩被打的幻想（这是一种在此之前就变得虐待性的幻想）是通过何种途径永久性地控制小女孩的性倾向呢？ Nor can we conceal from ourselves that the interrelations and sequence of the three phases of the beating-phantasy, as well as all its other peculiarities, have so far remained quite unintelligible. 我们不能忽视那些迄今仍令人费解的殴打-幻想的三个阶段之间的联系和它的其他独特性。 IV If the analysis is carried through the early period to which the beating-phantasies are referred and from which they are recollected, it shows us the child involved in the agitations of its parental complex. 倘若分析进行到殴打-幻想所涉及的早期阶段，那么这种分析就会向我们展现摇摆于父母情结之间的儿童。 The affections of the little girl are fixed on her father, who has probably done all he could to win her love, and in this way has sown the seeds of an attitude of hatred and rivalry towards her mother. This attitude exists side by side with a current of affectionate dependence on her, and as years go on it may be destined to come into consciousness more and more clearly and forcibly, or else to give an impetus to an excessive reaction of devotion to her. But it is not with the girl's relation to her mother that the beating-phantasy is connected. There are other children in the nursery, only a few years older or younger, who are disliked on all sorts of other grounds, but chiefly because the parents' love has to be shared with them, and for this reason they are repelled with all the wild energy characteristic of the emotional life of those years. If the child in question is a younger brother or sister (as in three of my four cases) it is despised as well as hated; yet it attracts to itself the share of affection which the blinded parents are always ready to give the youngest child, and this is a spectacle the sight of which cannot be avoided. One soon learns that being beaten, even if it does not hurt very much, signifies a deprivation of love and a humiliation. And many children who believed themselves securely enthroned in the unshakable affection of their parents have by a single blow been cast down from all the heavens of their imaginary omnipotence. The idea of the father beating this hateful child is therefore an agreeable one, quite apart from whether he has actually been seen doing so. It means: 'My father does not love this other child, he loves only me.’ 小女孩的感情固着在她的父亲身上，后者同样竭尽全力获得前者的爱。通过这种方式，父亲在女孩心中撒下了对其母亲憎恨和敌对态度的种子。这种态度和一种对母亲的情感依赖并存，并且随着岁月的流逝，它注定会越来越清晰并且强迫性地进入意识，要不然就是推动主体过度挚爱母亲。但殴打-幻想并不和女孩与母亲的关系联系在一起。在幼儿园里，有其他一些仅几岁的小孩子，他们由于各种原因不被喜欢，但主要是因为父母的爱必须也被他们所分享。由于这一原因，他们被那些年的情感生活的野蛮能量所排斥。如果有问题的孩子是一个弟弟或者妹妹（就像在我的三个案例中一样），他们会被病人鄙视或憎恶。但同时，他仍旧得到了爱的分享——盲目的父母总是将这份爱给最小的孩子——这是一个不得不被看见的场景。人们很快就会知道被打尽管不会造成多大的伤害，但它意味着爱的剥夺和羞辱。许多深信自己稳稳地占据其父母不可动摇的感情的孩子，可能会因为了一个轻轻的拍打，就从他想象中无所不能的天堂中坠落。因此父亲打一个令人厌恶的孩子本身是一种令人愉快的想法，更不必说他的确被看见实施了这一行为。这意味着：“我的父亲不爱别的孩子，他只爱我。” This then is the content and meaning of the beating-phantasy in its first phase. The phantasy obviously gratifies the child's jealousy and is dependent upon the erotic side of its life, but is also powerfully reinforced by the child's egoistic interests. Doubt remains, therefore, whether the phantasy ought to be described as purely 'sexual', nor can one venture to call it 'sadistic’. 这就是第一阶段的殴打-幻想的内容及意义。这种幻想显然满足了儿童的嫉妒心，并依托于其生活的性欲方面。但它也被孩子的利己主义所强化。因此，是否这种幻想应该被描述为纯粹 “性欲的”这一问题仍旧存疑，我们也不能冒昧地将其成为“虐待性的”。 As is well known, all the signs on which we are accustomed to base our distinctions tend to lose their clarity as we come nearer to the source. So perhaps we may say in terms recalling the prophecy made by the Three Witches to Banquo: 'Not clearly sexual, not in itself sadistic, but yet the stuff from which both will later come.’ In any case, however, there is no ground for suspecting that in this first phase the phantasy is already at the service of an excitation which involves the genitals and finds its outlet in a masturbatory act. 众所周知，我们将区别建立在一些迹象上。但所有这些迹象，都在我们逐渐接近其来源的时候变得模糊不清。所以我们也许能够像来到班柯的三个女巫所做的预言那样说：“不明显是性的，本身也不是虐待的，但这两者后来都会出现。”但无论如何，没有理由怀疑如下的事实：在第一阶段，幻想已经服务于一种生殖快感，并且在自慰行为中找到出口。 It is clear that the child's sexual life has reached the stage of genital organization, now that its incestuous love has achieved this premature choice of an object. This can be demonstrated more easily in the case of boys, but is also indisputable in the case of girls. Something like a premonition of what are later to be the final and normal sexual aims governs the child's libidinal trends. We may justly wonder why this should be so, but we may regard it as a proof of the fact that the genitals have already begun playing their part in the process of excitation. With boys the wish to beget a child from their mother is never absent, with girls the wish to have a child by their father is equally constant; and this in spite of their being completely incapable of forming any clear idea of the means for fulfilling these wishes. The child seems to be convinced that the genitals have something to do with the matter, even though in its constant brooding it may look for the essence of the presumed intimacy between its parents in relations of another sort, such as in their sleeping together, micturating in each other's presence, etc.; and material of the latter kind can be more easily apprehended in verbal images than the mystery that is connected with the genitals. 显然，既然这种乱伦的爱欲已经实现了对象的过早选择，孩子的性生活便已经到达了生殖结构的阶段。这在男孩的情况中可能更容易发现，但在女孩的情况下同样是无可争辩的。类似于对未来成为最终和常态的性目标的一种预感，控制着孩子的力比多趋向。我们可能只想知道这如何发生，但我们也可能会将其视为生殖器已经在兴奋过程中发挥作用的一个证据。对男孩而言，从母亲那里获得一个孩子的想法从未缺席；而对于女孩来说，一种怀上父亲的孩子的愿望同样一直存在。但尽管如此，主体完全无法对实现这些愿望的方式形成一个清晰的想法。孩子似乎确信生殖器与怀孕有关。即使在其不断的沉思中，他也会寻找父母在另一种关系中的亲昵行为的本质，比如他们睡在一起，在对方面前排尿，等等。后者的材料相比于有关生殖器的秘密更容易在言语表象中理解。 But the time comes when this early blossoming is nipped by the frost. None of these incestuous loves can avoid the fate of repression. They may succumb to it on the occasion of some discoverable external event which leads to disillusionment - such as unexpected slights, the unwelcome birth of a new brother or sister (which is felt as faithlessness), etc.; or the same thing may happen owing to internal conditions apart from any such events, perhaps simply because their yearning remains unsatisfied too long. It is unquestionably true that such events are not the effective causes, but that these love-affairs are bound to come to grief sooner or later, though we cannot say on what particular stumbling block. Most probably they pass away because their time is over, because the children have entered upon a new phase of development in which they are compelled to recapitulate from the history of mankind the repression of an incestuous object-choice, just as at an earlier stage they were obliged to effect an object-choice of that very sort[2]. In the new phase no mental product of the incestuous love-impulses that is present unconsciously is taken over by consciousness; and anything that has already come into consciousness is expelled from it. At the same time as this process of repression takes place, a sense of guilt appears. This is also of unknown origin, but there is no doubt whatever that it is connected with the incestuous wishes, and that it is justified by the persistence of those wishes in the unconscious. 但早开的花蕊被霜冻扼杀的时刻来临了。这些乱伦的爱欲无一能够幸免于压抑。在一些有迹可循的导致幻灭的外部事件中——比如一种出乎意料的冷落，一个弟弟妹妹不受欢迎的到来（这被认为是父母的不忠）——这些乱伦的幻想屈服于压抑。或者这些事情可能会由于另外的内部条件所导致，比如可能仅仅是因为他们的渴望太久没有得到满足。毫无疑问，这些事件并不是有效的成因。但这些爱欲迟早会走向衰败，尽管我们不知道它在哪里受挫。最可能的是它们的时代过去了，因此他们就消亡了。因为孩子已经进入了一个新的发展阶段，在这一阶段中，他们必须从人类历史中概括和重述对乱伦对象-选择的压抑。这就像他们在早期阶段必须施行这样一种对象-选择一样。在新的阶段，存在于无意识的乱伦爱欲-冲动的心理产物不会被意识所接管。在压抑过程发生的同时，一种罪恶感产生了。它的起源同样不可知，但无疑有一种与乱伦愿望相联系的东西。这正是那些存在于无意识的愿望所证实的。 The phantasy of the period of incestuous love had said: 'He (my father) loves only me, and not the other child, for he is beating it.’ The sense of guilt can discover no punishment more severe than the reversal of this triumph: 'No, he does not love you, for he is beating you.’ In this way the phantasy of the second phase, that of being beaten by her father, is a direct expression of the girl's sense of guilt, to which her love for her father has now succumbed. The phantasy, therefore, has become masochistic. So far as I know, this is always so; a sense of guilt is invariably the factor that transforms sadism into masochism. But this is certainly not the whole content of masochism. The sense of guilt cannot have won the field alone; a share must also fall to the love-impulse. We must remember that we are dealing with children in whom the sadistic component was able for constitutional reasons to develop prematurely and in isolation. We need not abandon this point of view. It is precisely such children who find it particularly easy to hark back to the pregenital, sadistic-anal organization of their sexual life. If the genital organization, when it has scarcely been effected, is met by repression, the result is not only that every psychical representation of the incestuous love becomes unconscious, or remains so, but there is another result as well: a regressive debasement of the genital organization itself to a lower level. 'My father loves me' was meant in a genital sense; owing to the regression it is turned into 'My father is beating me (I am being beaten by my father)'. This being beaten is now a convergence of the sense of guilt and sexual love. It is not only the punishment for the forbidden genital relation, but also the regressive substitute for that relation, and from this latter source it derives the libidinal excitation which is from this time forward attached to it, and which finds its outlet in masturbatory acts. Here for the first time we have the essence of masochism. 乱伦爱欲时期的幻想说：“他（我的父亲）只爱我。他不爱另一个孩子，因为他打了那个孩子。”对于这种罪恶感来说，再也没有比这种胜利的翻转更为严厉的惩罚了：“不，他不爱你，因为他打了你。”通过这种方式，第二个阶段的幻想，即被父亲打的幻想。是女孩的罪恶感的直接表达。女孩对父亲的爱屈服于这种罪恶感。幻想因此成为受虐性的。就我所知，它一直如此；一种罪恶感一定是将虐待狂转变为受虐狂的因素。但这当然不是受虐症的全部内容。这种罪恶感不可能独自取得胜利，爱欲-冲动同样会参与其中。我们必须记住我们正在探讨那些虐待因子会由于体质差异过早独立发展的孩子的情况。我们无需放弃这一观点。正是这些孩子最容易回退到他们性生活中先天的肛门-施虐期结构。如果生殖结构几乎在没有受到影响的情况下被压抑，结果就不仅仅是乱伦爱欲的心理表征都成为无意识并保持这种状态。另一种结果同样会发生：生理结构向低级退化。“我的父亲爱我”具有生殖意味；而由于压抑这一表述变成了：“我的父亲正在打我（我在被我的父亲打）”。这种被打如今成为了罪恶感和爱欲的融合。它不仅仅是对被禁止的生殖关系的惩罚，同样是对这种关系的一种倒退性替代。从后者中衍生出一种此后与它联结在一起的性兴奋。这种性兴奋在手淫行为中找到了出口。我们在这里第一次把握了受虐症的本质。 This second phase - the child's phantasy of being itself beaten by its father - remains unconscious as a rule, probably in consequence of the intensity of the repression. I cannot explain why nevertheless in one of my six cases, that of a male, it was consciously remembered. This man, now grown up, had preserved the fact clearly in his memory that he used to employ the idea of being beaten by his mother for the purpose of masturbation, though to be sure he soon substituted for his own mother the mothers of his school-fellows or other women who in some way resembled her. It must not be forgotten that when a boy’s incestuous phantasy is transformed into the corresponding masochistic one, one more reversal has to take place than in the case of a girl, namely the substitution of passivity for activity; and this additional degree of distortion may save the phantasy from having to remain unconscious as a result of repression. In this way the sense of guilt would be satisfied by regression instead of by repression. In the female cases the sense of guilt, in itself perhaps more exacting, could be appeased only by a combination of the two. 第二个阶段——即孩子对被父亲打的幻想——通常是无意识的。这很可能是由压抑所导致的。但我无法解释为什么在我其中一个男性的案例中，他清晰地记得这一情形。这个成年男性在清晰地记得他曾经用被母亲打的幻想来自慰，尽管他母亲的角色很快被他同学的母亲或者某种程度上与她相似的女性所代替了。我们不能忘记当一个男孩的乱伦幻想被转变成受虐幻想的时候，再一次的逆转一定会发生。这不同于女孩的情况，即用以被动代替主动。这种额外程度的扭曲使得这一幻想不会因为压抑而潜入无意识。通过这样的方式，这种罪恶感将会被回退（regression）而不是被压抑（repression）所满足。在女性的案例中，这种罪恶感可能更为强烈，它需要结合压抑和回退来平息。 In two of my four female cases an elaborate superstructure of day-dreams, which was of great significance for the life of the person concerned, had grown up over the masochistic beating-phantasy. The function of this superstructure was to make possible a feeling of satisfied excitation, even though the masturbatory act was abstained from. In one of these cases the content - being beaten by the father - was allowed to venture again into consciousness, so long as the subject's own ego was made unrecognizable by a thin disguise. The hero of these stories was invariably beaten (or later only punished, humiliated, etc.) by his father. 在我四个女性案例的其中两个中，一种精心构造的白日梦的上层建筑在受虐性的殴打-幻想中发展起来。这一结构对病人的生活具有相当重要的意义。它的功能是在自慰行为被限制的情况下仍旧能产生令人满足的兴奋感。在其中一个案例中，只要主体的自我因一层浅显伪装而变得不可辨认，那这一幻想的内容——即被父亲打——会被允许再一次进入意识。这些故事的主人公总是被他的父亲打（之后可能只是惩罚，羞辱，等等）。 I repeat, however, that as a rule the phantasy remains unconscious, and can only be reconstructed in the course of the analysis. This fact perhaps vindicates patients who say they remember that with them masturbation made its appearance before the third phase of the beating-phantasy (shortly to be discussed), and that this phase was only a later addition, made perhaps under the impression of scenes at school. Every time I have given credit to these statements I have felt inclined to assume that the masturbation was at first under the dominance of unconscious phantasies and that conscious ones were substituted for them later. 但是，我需要重申这种幻想通常会保持无意识的状态，并且只能通过分析来重构。这一事实可能会证实一些病人的话是正确的：他们说他们记得出现于第三阶段的殴打-幻想之前（我们即将讨论这一点），并且这一阶段只是后来的补充。它产生于后来在学校的一些记忆。每一次我选择相信这些陈述之后，我都会倾向于假设自慰首先是处于无意识幻想的支配下，之后它们被有意识的幻想所代替了。 I look upon the beating-phantasy in its familiar third phase, which is its final form, as a substitute of this sort. Here the child who produces the phantasy appears almost as a spectator, while the father persists in the shape of a teacher or some other person in authority. The phantasy, which now resembles that of the first phase, seems to have become sadistic once more. It appears as though in the phrase, 'My father is beating the child, he loves only me’, the stress has been shifted back on to the first part after the second part has undergone repression. But only the form of this phantasy is sadistic; the satisfaction which is derived from it is masochistic. Its significance lies in the fact that it has taken over the libidinal cathexis of the repressed portion and at the same time the sense of guilt which is attached to the content of that portion. All of the many unspecified children who are being beaten by the teacher are, after all, nothing more than substitutes for the child itself. 我将第三阶段，即最后一种形式的殴打-幻想视为这种幻想的替代。在这里，产生幻想的孩子几乎总是一个观看者，而父亲的角色通过老师或其他权威人士的形象一直存在。这种类似于第一阶段的殴打-幻想似乎再一次成为虐待性的。它以如下的句子出现：“我的父亲正在打那个孩子，他只爱我。”在第二部分受到压抑之后，重点又重新落在第一部分上。但这一幻想只有形式是虐待性的；从中衍生出来的快感却是受虐性的。它的重要性位于如下的事实中：它接管了对被压抑部分的力比多投注以及对附属于这一部分内容的罪恶感的力比多投注。毕竟，所有那些被老师打的身份不明的孩子都只是产生幻想的孩子的替代。 We find here for the first time, too, something like a constancy of sex in the persons who play a part in the phantasy. The children who are being beaten are almost invariably boys, in the phantasies of boys just as much as in those of girls. This characteristic is naturally not to be explained by any rivalry between the sexes, as otherwise of course in the phantasies of boys it would be girls who would be being beaten; and it has nothing to do with the sex of the child who was hated in the first phase. But it points to a complication in the case of girls. When they turn away from their incestuous love for their father, with its genital significance, they easily abandon their feminine role. They spur their 'masculinity complex' (Van Ophuijsen, 1917) into activity, and from that time forward only want to be boys. For that reason the whipping-boys who represent them are boys too. In both the cases of day-dreaming - one of which almost rose to the level of a work of art - the heroes were always young men; indeed women used not to come into these creations at all, and only made their first appearance after many years, and then in minor parts. 在这里，我们第一次在出演幻想的人当中发现了一种性别的恒常性。无论是对于男孩还是女孩，被打的孩子几乎总是男孩。这一特征自然无法用性别对抗来解释，否则在男孩的幻想中，被打的人将会是女孩；并且它和在第一阶段中被厌恶的那个孩子的性别也无关联。但这一事实指出了女孩情形中的一种并发症。当她们对朝向父亲的乱伦爱欲及其生殖意义感到厌恶的时候，她们很容易放弃自身的女性角色。她们让自身的“男性气质情结”活跃起来，并从此以后只想成为男孩。由于这一原因，她们的代罪羔羊（whipping-boys）也同样是男性（boys）。在两个白日梦的案例中——其中一个几乎上升到艺术品的高度——主人公总是年轻男性；实际上女性从未参与这些创作。她们只在多年后才第一次出现，之后则占据了一个无足轻重的地位。 [1] La Bibliothèque rose est une collection de livres pour la jeunesse créée et éditée par les éditions Hachette en 1856 et destinée aux enfants de six à douze ans. La collection est toujours éditée de nos jours. “Bibliothèque rose”是为青少年所创办的一系列丛书。它有Hachette出版社于1856年编辑发行，其对象时6至12岁的儿童。这一丛书至今仍在发行。 [2] [Footnote added 1924:] See the continuation of this line of thought in 'The Dissolution of the Oedipus Complex’ (1924d) . 附录：下文引自《希区柯克式剪切》（斯拉沃热·齐泽克/文，季广茂/译） ……提一下弗洛伊德在《一个孩子正被打》（A Child is Being Beaten） 一文中对幻象逻辑（logic of fantasy） 所做的精心阐释。 在那篇论文中，弗洛伊德提出并回答了下列问题：最终形态的幻象场景（一个孩子正被打）的形成，是如何以前两个阶段的存在为前提的？在第一个阶段即施虐阶段，我爸爸正在打孩子（即打我哥哥或弟弟，总之在打我的某个对手）。在第二阶段即受虐阶段，我正在被爸爸打。到了第三个阶段，最终的幻象形态开始变得模糊，主体（谁在打人？）被中性化了。同时客体（什么样的孩子正被打？）也以非人格的形态呈现出来（一个孩子正被打）。 在弗洛伊德看来，至关重要的是第二个阶段，即受虐阶段，因为真正的创伤形成于这个阶段，被彻底压抑的，也是这个阶段。在儿子的创伤化中，我们没有发现第二个阶段的蛛丝马迹。我们只能依据下列线索，回溯性地重建这个阶段。这些线索指出了下列事实：在我爸爸正在打孩子和一个孩子正被打之间，必定存在着某种东西，可惜现在找不到了。因为我们无法把第一种形式转化为第三种形式，即最后一种形式，弗洛伊德断定，必定存在着中间地带，它在进行干预： 在这三阶段中，第二个阶段最重要和最关键。但是我们或许会说，在某种意义上，它从来都没有真正存在过。它从来没有被回忆过，从来没有被成功地想到过。它是由精神分析建构起来的，但并不因此降低它的必要性。 因此，第二种形态的幻象就是拉康的实在界。它是这样一个时刻：从来没有在（符号性）现实中现身，从来没有铭刻于符号性肌质（symbolic texture）。 尽管如此，它又必须被预先假定为确保我们的符号性现实（symbolic reality）具有一致性的迷失的一环。 |
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