*仅供医学专业人士阅读参考 2022年10月8日,全球首创、中国首发的首个葡萄糖激酶激活剂(GKA)类药物多格列艾汀片(dorzagliatin tablets,华堂宁),由国家药品监督管理局(NMPA)批准上市。多格列艾汀片获批两个适应症,即单独用药治疗未经药物治疗的,或者在单独使用二甲双胍血糖控制不佳时,与二甲双胍联合使用,配合饮食和运动治疗成人2型糖尿病(T2DM),并且对于肾功能不全患者,无需调整剂量。▍多格列艾汀的两项3期临床研究显示,多格列艾汀单药治疗24周后糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)相对基线降低1.07%(p<0.001);餐后2小时血糖值相对安慰剂组明显降低41.94mg/dl(2.33mmol/L)(p<0.001);HOMA2-β与安慰剂组相比,增加了3.28(p<0.05),多格列艾汀+二甲双胍联合治疗24周,HbA1c相对基线降低1.02%(p<0.0001),餐后2小时血糖值相对安慰剂组明显降低44.64mg/dl(2.48mmol/L)(p<0.0001),HOMA2-β与安慰剂组相比增加了2.43(p<0.05),证明了多格列艾汀优秀的降糖疗效和胰岛β细胞功能的改善作用(图2)。 多格列艾汀的调节机制是通过异位变构调节GK活性[12],修复糖尿病患者胰岛素早相分泌[10],并改善糖尿病患者葡萄糖刺激的GLP-1分泌,促进肝糖原合成,减少肝糖输出,是一种区别于传统降糖药物的全新调节血糖的机制。多格列艾汀拥有氨基酸类化学结构,在人体的PK呈良好的线性关系,无主要代谢产物,体内无明显蓄积。这种新结构使得药物绝大部分不通过肾脏排泄,可做到在肾功能不全患者中使用无需调整剂量,为广大患有T2DM合并肾功能不全的患者提供了全新的治疗选择,此外,多格列艾汀对糖尿病的治疗作用也得益于新的研发技术,该技术能够有效提升靶器官的暴露,发挥药物在胰岛、肠道和肝脏的协同作用[13-14],使得多格列艾汀能快速有效降低餐后血糖,低血糖风险低,并且能够维持机体良好的血糖平稳,改善胰岛功能,提高机体核心控糖器官对葡萄糖水平的敏感性,实现葡萄糖停药缓解[11]。 参考文献: [1]IDF糖尿病地图2021版.https:///data/en/country/42/cn.html [2]中华医学会糖尿病学分会.中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2020年版)[J].中华糖尿病杂志.2021,13(4):315-409. [3]Toulis KA,et al.Glucokinase Activators for Type 2 Diabetes:Challenges and Future Developments.Drugs.2020 Apr;80(5):467-475. [4]Ma Y,et al.A new clinical screening strategy and prevalence estimation for glucokinase variant-induced diabetes in an adult Chinese population.Genet Med.2019 Apr;21(4):939-947. [5]Zhu D,et al.Dorzagliatin monotherapy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes:a dose-ranging,randomised,double-blind,placebo-controlled,phase 2 study.Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol.2018 Aug;6(8):627-636. [6]Zhu,D.,et al.Dorzagliatin in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes:a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.Nat Med(2022). [7]Yang,W.,et al.Dorzagliatin add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes:a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.Nat Med(2022). [8]Buse JB,et al.A new class of drug in the diabetes toolbox.Nat Med.2022 May;28(5):901-902. [9]ADA.2022.117-LB-Glucokinase Activator Restores Glucose Sensitivity and Early-Phase Insulin Secretion in T2DM Patient—A Post Hoc Analysis of Dorzagliatin. [10]Riddle MC,et al.Consensus Report:Definition and Interpretation of Remission in Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes Care.2021 Aug 30;44(10):2438–44. [11]ADA.2022.115-LB-Dorzagliatin Showed Sustained Remission in an Observational Study after Discontinuation of Treatment in T2D Patients Who Achieved Good Glycemic Control with Dorzagliatin Monotherapy. [12]Nakamura A,et al.Present status of clinical deployment of glucokinase activators.J Diabetes Investig.2015;6(2):124–32. [13]Matschinsky FM,et al.The Central Role of Glucokinase in Glucose Homeostasis:A Perspective 50 Years After Demonstrating the Presence of the Enzyme in Islets of Langerhans.Front Physiol.2019 Mar 6;10:148. [14]LI CHEN,et al;117-LB:Glucokinase Activator Dorzagliatin(HMS5552)Regulates GLP-1 Release in T2D Patients and Is Synergistic with Sitagliptin and Empagliflozin in Optimizing Beta-Cell Function.Diabetes 1 June 2021;70(Supplement_1):117–LB. |
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