封面:Kallima属的橡树叶蝴蝶是最著名、最引人注目的仿叶昆虫之一。在这一问题中,Wang等人探索了橡叶蝶的遗传和物种多样性,揭示了喜马拉雅东部的多样性热点是Kallima进化中的一个多样化中心,并且一个单一基因皮层参与控制翅膀多态性。封面图片显示两只橡树叶蝴蝶正在交配,翅膀向后折叠,看起来像褐色的枯叶。该属是一个有魅力的模型,可以帮我们理解生物地理学驱动多样化和自然选择产生复杂的多态性适应。图片来源:Albert Lau。 2022年Cell第17期研究论文汇总 【蚊子体内非经典气味编码】 Non-canonical odor coding in the mosquito 人类产生一种复杂的混合气味线索,吸引雌性蚊子,这些线索通常是由表达单一受体的嗅觉神经元检测到的。然而,在雌性埃及伊蚊中,许多这些神经元共同表达多种化学感觉受体,直接影响蚊子的行为,并挑战典型的一对一受体神经元组织。人 produce odor that attract 雌性蚊子, and these cues are typically detected by 嗅觉神经元expressing 单一受体. In female 埃及伊蚊, however, many of these neurons co-express multiple 化学感觉受体 directly affecting mosquito behavior and challenging the canonical one-receptor-to-one-neuron organization. Melanopsin retinal ganglion cells mediate light-promoted brain development 在生命早期,表达黑视素的内在光敏性视网膜神经节细胞被光激活后加快催产素释放神经元来促进皮层突触发生,并确保成年小鼠的适当学习能力。Light sensation by X ensures learning ability by activating, which in turn promotes X. The evolution and diversification of oakleaf butterflies 宏观和微观进化分析表明,生物地理学推动了喜马拉雅山生态系统中橡树叶蝴蝶的多样化,自然选择产生了复杂的多态性适应。Analyses(analysis的复数) reveal that biogeography drove the diversification of 橡树叶蝴蝶 and natural selection produced complex, polymorphic adaptations. Repeat-based holocentromeres influence genome architecture and karyotype evolution 虽然大多数真核生物含有单一的区域着丝粒,但一些植物和动物谱系沿着整个染色体长度组装全着丝粒。染色体规模的全中心基因组与喙莎草及其最近的单中心亲属的基于重复的全中心体的组装揭示了受着丝粒组织影响的基因组结构和进化的重要方面。While most 真核生物contain 单一的区域着丝粒, several plant and animal lineages assemble 着丝粒along the entire chromosome length. The intrinsic and extrinsic effects of TET proteins during gastrulation 【TET 蛋白在原肠胚形成过程中的内在和外在作用】 TET 介导的去甲基化改变基因表达的谱系和时间特异性的方式,但这种改变可以被源自相邻细胞的细胞间信号克服。TET-mediated demethylation alters gene expression in a lineage- and time-specific fashion, but such alterations can be overcome in the presence of inter-cellular signals from neighboring cells. PABP/purine-rich motif as an initiation module for cap-independent translation in pattern-triggered immunity【富含PABP/嘌呤的基序触发免疫中帽非依赖翻译的起始】 对模式触发免疫(PTI)信号通路的研究揭示了一种促进应激诱导的帽非依赖翻译体重编程的翻译机制。Study unveils a cap-independent translation mechanism for facilitating stress-induced translatome reprogramming. In the process of Cap-dependent translation, eIF1 and eIF1A are required to identify the starting password. EIF1 occupies a part of the P site (peptidyl site), with a conservative ring, which can extend into the mRNA channel to detect the pairing of codons. EIF1A occupies a part of site A (aminoacyl site). Its combination makes the base of rRNA decoding site in an open conformation, which weakens the interaction between mRNA and rRNA, thus promoting the scanning of mRNA. Structure of a fully assembled tumor-specific T cell receptor ligated by pMHC【pMHC连接的完全组装的肿瘤特异性T细胞受体的结构】 结合到肿瘤特异性人类I类pMHC的T细胞受体(TCR)复合物的冷冻EM结构分析表明,连接肽和甾醇脂质对复合物组装的功能影响,并表明TCR信号可能在没有自发结构重排的情况下被触发。 Mitochondrial ROS promotes susceptibility to infection via gasdermin D-mediated necroptosis【线粒体ROS通过gasdermin D介导的坏死促进感染易感性】 激酶Lrrk2中与疾病相关的突变促进了gasdermin D与线粒体膜的联系,从而导致活性氧的释放,向坏死性细胞死亡的转变,以及高炎症病理学。Mutations in Lrrk2 promote association of gasdermin D with mitochondrial membranes, which induces release of reactive oxygen species, a switch toward necroptotic cell death, and hyperinflammatory pathology. Epigenetic reader SP140 loss of function drives Crohn’s disease due to uncontrolled macrophage topoisomerases【表观遗传阅读器SP140功能丧失导致克罗恩病,起因是巨噬细胞拓扑异构酶失控】 SP140是拓扑异构酶的阻遏物,维持巨噬细胞细胞因子和细菌杀伤功能,预防克罗恩病等炎性疾病。SP140 acts as a repressor of topoisomerases and maintains macrophage cytokine and bacterial killing functions, preventing inflammatory conditions such as Crohn’s disease. Bacteriophages benefit from mobilizing pathogenicity islands encoding immune systems against competitors【噬菌体从动员编码免疫系统的致病性岛对抗竞争对手中获益】 噬菌体诱导染色体岛(PICI)是高度可移动的遗传元件,不仅在革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌中提供多种防御系统,还可以由辅助噬菌体诱导,以保护辅助噬菌体和细菌宿主免受竞争噬菌体和其他可移动遗传元件的影响。这揭示了细菌、PICI及其辅助噬菌体之间复杂的相互关系,可能广泛影响水平基因转移。 Intestinal transgene delivery with native E. coli chassis allows persistent physiological changes【天然大肠杆菌作为“底盘”植入宿主可引起持久稳定功能变化】 从小鼠粪便中分离的大肠杆菌菌株经过基因工程改造,可长期植入常规小鼠肠道,并对宿主产生长期全身效应,如改善2型糖尿病小鼠模型的胰岛素敏感性。 往期回顾:(点击每期任意文字可转到详解内容) |
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