【摘要】近年来,针对念珠菌所致急性或慢性气管支气管炎的研究逐渐增多,相关研究中主要关注念珠菌气管支气管炎的高危人群和分类特点。慢性念珠菌气管支气管炎常见于慢性气道疾病患者,与患者病情反复和急性加重有关,早期抗真菌治疗可能使患者获益。急性念珠菌气管支气管炎可分为局限型和弥漫型,局限型常见于有气道黏膜损伤基础的患者,弥漫型多见于免疫功能低下患者,抗念珠菌治疗的效果差,尤其是弥漫型预后极差。针对有高危因素的患者,建议及时行气管镜检查和黏膜活检,抗感染治疗可能改善患者预后。 图1 抗念珠菌治疗前后肺功能比较 图2 念珠菌气管支气管炎的气管镜下表现 ⭐ 参考文献 (向下滑动查看全部文献) [1] Pendleton K M, Huffnagle G B, Dickson R P. The significance of Candida in the human respiratory tract: our evolving understanding[J]. Pathog Dis, 2017, 75(3):ftx029. [2] Meersseman W, Lagrou K, Spriet I, et al. Significance of the isolation of Candida species from airway samples in critically ill patients: a prospective, autopsy study[J]. Intensive Care Med, 2009, 35(9):1526-1531. [3] Ozyigit L P, Monteiro W, Rick E M, Set al. Fungal bronchitis is a distinct clinical entity which is responsive to antifungal therapy[J]. Chron Respir Dis, 2021, 18:1479973120964448. [4] Johnson DC. Chronic candidal bronchitis: a consecutive series[J]. Open Respir Med J, 2012, 6:145-149. [5] Johnson D C, Chirumamilla S K, Paez A P. Respiratory Candida in Patients with Bronchitis, Mucus Plugging, and Atelectasis[J]. Open Respir Med J, 2020, 14:87-92. [6] De Pauw B, Walsh T J, Donnelly J P, et al. Revised definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) Consensus Group[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2008, 46(12):1813-1821. [7] Tanaka K, Goto H, Tsubakihara M, et al. Candidal Tracheobronchitis in Poorly Controlled Diabetes Mellitus[J]. Intern Med, 2017, 56(1):121-122. [8] 邹珩, 马洪明, 张洁莉, 等. 念珠菌性支气管炎临床及内镜特点[J]. 国际呼吸杂志, 2015, 35(18):1384-1387. ⭐ 作者介绍 贺航咏
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