80个常用动词短语

80个常用动词短语

80 Most Common Phrasal Verbs

短语动词是两个或两个以上的单词组合在一起构成一个全新的单词，其含义与原来的单词不同。例如，pick up的意思是“抓取”或“举起”，与单独的pick和up的定义非常不同。动词短语在英语口语中很流行，但有时会让人很困惑，因为它们的定义并不总是那么容易猜出来，而它们有成千上万个。事实上，许多动词短语是同一个基本动词的不同变体，这可能会增加混淆。

特别是对于讲多种语言的人来说，动词短语是英语学习中最困难的话题之一。为了帮助简化这个复杂的问题，下面是我们理解英语动词短语的指南，包括最常见的动词短语列表。

什么是动词短语?

动词短语将普通动词与副词或介词组合在一起，形成一个全新的动词短语——动词短语。动词短语的意思通常与组成它的单词的意思无关，所以把一个动词短语看作一个全新的、独立的单词。

You can use get over just like a normal verb, in any form or tense. Here are some quick examples:

在句子中使用时，短语动词在变位和位置方面与其他动词相同，尽管它们在词序方面有特殊的规则，我们将在下面讨论。动词短语可以组合成任何类型的动词形式，所以你可以在任何可以使用普通动词的地方使用它们。

让我们以动词短语get over为例。动词get意为“获得”，介词over通常指更高或高于某物。然而，把它们放在一起，动词短语get over的意思是“恢复”或“克服”，这是一个完全不同于get和over的定义的新定义。

你可以像使用普通动词一样使用get over，可以用任何形式或时态。下面是一些简单的例子:

一般过去时:

I had the flu last week but got over it.

不定式:

He wrote a song to get over his grandmother’s death.

动名词:

Getting over prejudice at work is never easy.

分词:

Having finally gotten over the breakup, they were ready to return their partner’s things.

怎么变化动词短语

当一个动词短语用作一个句子的主要动词时，你把动词的部分变化起来，而其他单词则保持原样。只要使用你想单独使用的动词形式就可以了。

I get up at noon during the summer.

However, this morning I got up at sunrise.

I have gotten up early too many times this month.

注意，只有get这个词变了，而up这个词保持不变。还要注意get这个不规则动词是如何使用它的不规则形式来适应它所需要的时态的。

这样，你就可以使用所有动词时态的动词短语，这样你就可以交流任何你想要的东西。如果你在一个动词短语列表中使用其他动词，变位对于保持动词时态的一致性也很重要。

动词短语的类型

为了更好地理解动词短语，可以把它们分成两组:及物动词和不及物动词;可分离的和不可分离的。一个动词短语只能属于每对中的一个(尽管所有的可分离动词短语都是及物动词)。

及物的动词短语

及物动词短语使用直接宾语，就像普通及物动词一样。

Charlie couldn’t put up with the meowing cats any longer.

不及物动词短语

同样地，不及物动词短语不使用宾语。

The regional director was late, so the sales team went ahead without her.

可分离的动词短语

对于及物动词短语，你有时可以把直接宾语放在单词之间，例如，“pick you up”。然而，对于可分离动词短语有一些规则要遵循，所以请注意接下来关于词序的内容。

He forgot to shut the lights off before he left.

不可分离的动词短语

不可分的动词短语不能分开使用，必须一起使用。

The wayward son carried on without his father.

带动词短语的词序

大多数时候，动词短语中的单词是在一起的。对于不及物动词短语和不可分动词短语，动词和小品词必须紧挨着，不能分开。

然而，可分离动词短语遵循不同的规则。对于初学者来说，可分离动词短语总是及物动词，所以它们总是有一个直接宾语。你可以把直接宾语放在可分离动词短语的中间，在动词和分词之间:

Augustus would never let Hazel down.

名词短语也是如此;将名词短语中的所有单词放在动词短语和小品词之间:

You would never let any of your friends down.

有些可分离动词要求你每次都把直接宾语放在中间。例如，让我们来看看动词短语get down。

[错误] The beginning of the movie Up gets down everyone.

[正确] The beginning of the movie Up gets everyone down.

另一方面，有时直接宾语是在动词短语的中间还是结尾并不重要。两种选择都是可以接受的。不幸的是，没有办法知道你是否必须把动词短语分开;你只需要学习和练习，直到它变得自然。

[正确] Pick the box up and carry it to the kitchen.

[正确] Pick up the box and carry it to the kitchen.

However, pronouns follow a special rule when it comes to separable phrasal verbs: If the object is a pronoun, it must be placed in the middle of a phrasal verb. Pronoun direct objects cannot go at the end.

然而，当涉及到可分离动词短语时，代词遵循一个特殊的规则:如果宾语是代词，它必须放在动词短语的中间。代词直接宾语不能放在后面。

[错误] Pick up it and carry it to the kitchen.

[正确] Pick it up and carry it to the kitchen.

记住，并不是所有及物动词短语都是可分离的。及物动词短语既可以是可分离的，也可以是不可分离的，所以要注意你把宾语放在哪里。例如，及物动词短语get through、come between和go against都是不可分割的，所以直接宾语每次都跟在它们后面。

[INCORRECT] Nothing comes us between.

[CORRECT] Nothing comes between us.

常用的动词短语(含义和例句)

back [x] up

support or defend someone

When the class was making fun of me, only the teacher backed me up.

break down

stop working, especially when referring to machines

The ice cream machine at McDonalds is always breaking down.

call around

contact multiple people

Roy called around to find a nearby mechanic.

calm down

relax after an energetic or irritated state

I need a few minutes to calm down after that match.

call [x] off

cancel

We called the party off. / We called off the party.

check [x] out

verify a person or thing (can sometimes be flirtatious when used in reference to a person)

I’ll check the contract out. / I’ll check out the contract.

clean up

be extremely successful in an endeavor, such as business, sports, or gambling

Our hockey team cleaned up at the tournament and went home undefeated.

stop questionable behavior, such as consuming drugs or alcohol

Her boss said she had to either clean up or find a new job.

clean [x] up

clean a general area

John cleaned the living room up. / John cleaned up the living room.

cheer [x] up

make someone happy, especially if they were previously sad

Reading always cheers me up on a rainy day.

come around

change an opinion or see a new point of view

I never liked seafood, but came around after trying fried calamari.

come between

disturb a relationship

After more than fifty years of marriage, nothing could come between them.

come down on

attack or punish harshly

Ever since last month’s accident, police have been coming down on drunk driving.

come down with

become sick

After sitting in the rain for hours, Chandra came down with a nasty cold.

come out of

happen as a consequence of another event

We missed a day of school, so at least some good came out of our boring class trip.

come up

become the topic of discussion or receive attention

Everyone talked about how much they enjoyed the movie, but the run time never came up in the conversation.

approach or come near

While walking outside the fence, a cow came up right next to me and licked my face.

happen or occur, as with an event or situation

Don’t worry about a problem until after it comes up.

come up with

think of an idea, especially as the first person to do so, or to produce a solution

Sahar comes up with her best story ideas at night, so she writes them down before she forgets them.

count on

rely or depend on

If I’m ever making a mistake, I can count on my friends to warn me.

dive into

occupy oneself with something; to pore over quickly or reach into quickly

I’ll dive into that new TV show later tonight.

dress up

wear nice clothes or put forth in the best light

Abed dressed up for the award ceremony.

end up

eventually reach some conclusion or destination

After thinking for a day, he ended up taking the job.

fall apart

break into pieces

My new dress completely fell apart after just two washes.

suffer from mental or emotional distress

He endured all kinds of harassment at work without flinching, but completely fell apart when his cat got sick.

fill [x] up

fill something completely

Bruce filled his wine glass up to the brim. / Bruce filled up his wine glass to the brim.

find out

discover or learn

We’ll have to wait until the next TV episode to find out who the killer is.

get [x] across

communicate or explain something clearly

The professor spoke for hours, but didn’t get anything across to the students.

get ahead

succeed or progress

You’ll never get ahead at this company unless you follow the rules.

get around

travel from place to place

It’s impossible to get around this city without a car.

get around to [x]

do something eventually

I’ll get around to fixing the table after the playoffs.

get away with

escape punishment or some other unpleasantness

Shirley thought she got away with cheating until the teacher asked her to stay after class.

get along with

be friendly with

My dog gets along with everyone as long as they’re not a cat.

get at

reach

There’s an itch on my back that I can’t get at.

attempt to prove or explain

What these graphs are getting at is that we’ll be bankrupt by next week.

get away

escape or depart from

Lucio liked to go to the lake every weekend, just to get away from the city.

get away with

escape punishment for a crime or misdeed

The boss’s nephew gets away with much more than any of the other employees.

get [x] back

have something returned

Rodger got his pencil back from Greta. / Rodger got back his pencil from Greta.

get back at

have revenge on someone

Laila promised herself that she would get back at whomever started the rumor.

get by

survive or manage at the bare minimum

When Sheila lost her job, the family had to get by with only their savings.

get down

enjoy oneself without inhibitions, especially with music or dancing

Vicente may be overly formal at work, but he sure knows how to get down to hip-hop.

get [x] down

depress or discourage someone

Kima always gets everyone down with her stories from the hospital.

record or write something down

The President spoke quickly at the press conference, and reporters were struggling to get all of his comments down.

get down to

begin or start

Once everyone arrives, we’ll get down to picking teams.

get in on

join an activity

After Bitcoin started going up, everyone wanted to get in on cryptocurrency.

get into

discuss something thoroughly

I don’t want to get into our finances now; we’ll talk after our guests leave.

get [x] out of

receive a benefit from something

Babysitting the Cohles was a nightmare, but at least Janelle got some money out of it.

get over

recover or overcome

Drinking a lot of water helps in getting over an illness.

get through

complete or endure an unpleasant task

Alessandra can’t get through a morning without coffee.

get to

annoy or bother someone

People who don’t clean up after their dogs really get to me.

get together

have a social event

The volleyball team is getting together for dinner after practice.

give [x] away

donate something or give something for free

Mindy gave her prized doll collection away. / Mindy gave away her prized doll collection.

give up

accept defeat, quit, or surrender

Carin felt like giving up every time she saw the scoreboard.

give [x] up

stop consuming or doing something, often a habit

Minh gave chocolate up for his diet. / Minh gave up chocolate for his diet.

go against

contradict, oppose, or fight against

A group of students went against the school dress code yesterday and wore ripped jeans.

go ahead

proceed or move forward

Because of the snow, we can’t go ahead with the festival.

go along with

agree with or pretend to agree with

Even though Cedric hated weight lifting, he went along with it because his coach suggested it.

go for

try or attempt to achieve something

Carlos trains so hard because he is going for an Olympic gold medal.

go on

continue doing something (see keep [x] up)

The boys will go on digging until they hit a water pipe.

go over

review or look at again

Marie went over the study guide one last time before the test.

hand in

submit (especially an assignment)

The teacher wants us to hand in our essays through email.

hold [x] back

prevent someone from doing something

I wanted to become an architect, but my bad grades held me back.

keep [x] up

continue doing something (see go on)

Keep this pace up and you’ll set a new record!

leave [x] out

omit or disregard

Orna left the graph out of the presentation. / Orna left out the graph from the presentation.

let [x] down

disappoint

Kamal let Marco down when he arrived late. / Kamal let down Marco when he arrived late.

let go of

release or free

Don’t let go of the rope until I’m safe.

let [x] in

allow to enter

Close the door or you’ll let the flies in!

let [x] know

tell someone something

Let me know as soon as Leslie texts back.

look after

take care of someone or something

Thank you for looking after me when I was sick.

look up to [x]

admire or idolize someone

I looked up to this YouTuber until I read about their scandal.

mix up

confuse something with something else

It’s easy to mix up Chris Pine and Chris Pratt.

pull [x] up

retrieve or bring something nearer

Eugene pulled the document up on his computer. / Eugene pulled up the document on his computer.

put [x] on

wear or add something to your person or an object

I always put my backpack on before leaving the house. / I always put on my backpack before leaving the house.

put up with

tolerate or condone

Somehow Paz could put up with Janice’s cynical attitude.

run out of

use all of or drain the supply of something

Isabella ran out of toilet paper at the worst possible time.

see to

make sure something is done

I’ll see to watering the plants while you’re gone.

set [x] up

arrange or organize

Since no one invited me to join their study group, I set one up myself.

show off

deliberately display abilities or accomplishments in order to impress people

Panya didn’t need to shoot so many three-pointers; she was just showing off.

shut [x] off

turn off, especially a machine

Don’t forget to shut the water off after your shower. / Don’t forget to shut off the water after your shower.

take after

resemble, especially with parents and their children

Li takes after his father when it comes to politics.

take [x] out

move something outside

Please take the garbage out before dinner. / Please take out the garbage before dinner.

think [x] over

consider something

When his parents suggested selling his Pokemon cards, Yosef thought it over.

throw [x] away

dispose of something

Could you throw that old burrito away? / Could you throw away that old burrito?

turn [x] down

reject or say “no”

My crush turned me down after I asked them out.

top off

fill something to the top; to complete something in a special or spectacular way

May I top off your beverage?

wait on

serve, especially at a restaurant

Billie eagerly waited on the new table of customers, hoping for a big tip.