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中国古代建筑中，石材一直被广泛使用。有这么一组石构件，它枕于门框和门扇之下，卡在门槛两端，承托门扇研磨，经受风吹日晒。 In ancient Chinese architecture, stone has always been widely used. There is a set of stone components that rest under the door frame and door leaf, are stuck at both ends of the threshold, support the grinding of the door leaf, and withstand wind and sun.
华夏大地无论大江南北，传统宅院门前多有它的身影。它就是门墩。 In the land of China, regardless of the north and south of the Yangtze River, its figure is often seen in front of traditional houses. It is the gate pier. 门墩从最初的素面条石，逐渐被描绘上了丰富的纹饰、被赋予了文化的内涵，成为我们了解传统文化的一扇窗口。 The gate pier has gradually been depicted with rich patterns and cultural connotations from the initial plain stone, becoming a window for us to understand traditional culture.
功能：从固定院门到装饰门面 Function: From fixed courtyard door to decorative facade 自成一体的门，在春秋战国时就已出现。门规制的逐步完善、工艺的不断提高，也带动了门墩的发展。在一些出土的汉代画像砖上，已可见门墩的雏形。 The gate, which formed its own unity, had already appeared during the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. The gradual improvement of gate regulations and the continuous improvement of craftsmanship have also driven the development of gate piers.
门墩又称门枕石、门鼓石、门台、镇门石。门墩最初的主要作用是固定门框、门槛和门轴。 The gate pier is also known as the door pillow stone, door drum stone, door platform, and town gate stone. The initial main function of the gate pier was to fix the door frame, threshold, and shaft. 门墩可以分成两部分：门墩藏于门内的部分凿有凹槽、石窝，用于固定院门；门墩露于门外的部分起到内外平衡作用。门墩露于门外的部分最初只是方石。 The gate pier can be divided into two parts: the part of the gate pier hidden inside the door is chiseled with grooves and stone pits, which are used to fix the courtyard door.
如今的一些农家院，这部分仍然不加任何雕琢。农人忙完农活进家门前，会在这上面擦去铁锹、镰刀上的泥土。 Some farmhouses nowadays still do not add any carving to this part. Farmers will wipe away the soil on the shovel and sickle before entering the house after finishing farm work. 随着时代发展，门墩露于门外部分不断长高、长大、变美，成为表达审美、装饰门面的物件。门墩既保留了作为建筑构件的实用功能，又新增了装饰功能。 With the development of the times, the exposed part of the gate pier outside the door continues to grow, grow, and become beautiful, becoming an object to express aesthetics and decorate the facade.
从博物馆展出的门墩可以发现，汉代门墩露于门外部分，还只是简单地浮雕了虎头、狮首；到了南北朝时期，门墩露于门外部分，已有了较为完整的石狮造型。 From the gate piers exhibited in the museum, it can be found that the Han Dynasty gate piers were exposed outside the door, and were simply embossed with tiger and lion heads... 形态：箱式和鼓式并驾齐驱 Form: Box style and drum style go hand in hand 历史演变中，门墩在外观上主要形成了箱式和鼓式两种形态。曾有研究者推断，书香门第多用箱式门墩，造型可能源于文人经常使用的书箱外形和文官所戴官帽。武将之家、官宦之家则多用鼓式门墩，造型可能源于军中的战鼓和中国古代的路鼓制度。 In historical evolution, the appearance of gate piers mainly formed two forms: box and drum. Researchers have speculated that scholarly doorways often use box shaped gatekeepers...
路鼓，即官衙外用于申诉之鼓。《吕氏春秋》记载：“尧有欲谏之鼓，舜有诽谤之木”。其意为，尧舜为王时，曾在交通要道设有鼓和木牌，百姓可以击鼓求见，或是将自己的意见写于木牌之上。后来，“欲谏之鼓”的样式逐渐移植到门墩上，而“诽谤之木”逐渐演化为华表。 Road drum, also known as the drum used for appeal outside the government office. The "Spring and Autumn Annals of the Lu Family" records: "Yao had a drum for remonstrance, while Shun had a wood for libel.
纹饰：表达对生活的向往 Decoration: Expressing a longing for life 门墩上通常雕刻一些中国传统的吉祥图案，表达人们对美好生活的向往。 The gate piers are usually carved with some traditional Chinese auspicious patterns to express people's longing for a better life. 鼓形门墩在两侧鼓面、箱形门墩在其箱体四面，都常雕刻动物植物，取其美好寓意：猴子寓意官爵，仙鹤寓意长寿，天鹅寓意鸿鹄之志，两只喜鹊寓意双喜临门，莲花寓意清廉，石榴寓意人丁兴旺，牡丹代表富贵，百合寓意百年好合。 The drum shaped gate piers on both sides and the box shaped gate piers on all sides of the box are often carved with animals and plants, taking their beautiful meanings: monkeys symbolize officials and nobles, cranes symbolize longevity...
鱼：连年有余、化鱼为龙，“鱼”和“余”、富裕的“裕”谐音，象征吉祥富裕、美好。雕“莲”和“鱼”的图案象征着“连年有余”。雕鲤鱼跃于两山之间的流水之中，表示鲤鱼跳龙门，象征着仕途高升。 Fish: Having surplus and transforming fish into dragons year after year, "fish" is homophonic with "surplus" and "abundance", symbolizing auspiciousness, prosperity, and beauty. 猴：封侯挂印雕一只猴子攀援在枫树枝上，想摘取挂在枝头的官印，树旁蜜蜂翻飞，取意“封侯挂印”，象征官运亨通。 Monkey: Marquis Seal Carving: A monkey climbs onto a maple tree branch, wanting to pick up the official seal hanging on the branch. Bees fly by the tree, meaning "Marquis Seal", symbolizing the prosperity of official fortune.
这小小的门墩，不仅让出入的家人看到时心生欢喜，也给来访的客人、往来的行人，送出美好的祝福。 This small gate pier not only brings joy to the families who come and go, but also sends beautiful blessings to the visiting guests and pedestrians. 门墩的地域特色也十分突出：陕西的粗犷，江南的细腻，山西的精致，鲁西南的则有孔孟之乡的儒雅，广东地区狮首和伏兽的表情笑容可掬，常让人联想到节庆时的舞狮。 The regional characteristics of Mendun are also very prominent: the roughness of Shaanxi, the delicacy of Jiangnan, the delicacy of Shanxi, the elegance of the hometown of Confucius and Mencius in southwestern Shandong... 成语“门当户对”，门当就是门墩，户对则是指门楣上的门簪。门当与户对，这是古代建筑中对称美的体现，后来则引申为婚姻般配。 The idiom "doorstep is doorstep, doorstep is the doorstep, and doorstep refers to the hairpin on the lintel. The door should be aligned with the household, which is a reflection of symmetrical beauty in ancient architecture, later extended to marriage matching.
中国古建筑上的门，最初只是一个用来进出的出入口，到了后来，具有了深刻的政治与社会文化含意，门上的诸多元素，如门簪、门钉、门环、门槛、抱鼓石等等，成为了大门不可分割的一部分，再加上门上的附加装饰，如门神、门联、斗枋等等，也逐渐孕育出中国建筑独特的门户文化。 The doors on ancient Chinese architecture were initially just an entrance and exit for entry and exit. Later on, they had profound political and socio-cultural connotations. 门墩，虽是一方小小的石头，却被赋予了丰富的文化内涵，它与门户建筑一同被用于彰显屋主人的身份等级、门第卑贱。 The gate pier, although a small stone, is endowed with rich cultural connotations. Along with the portal architecture, it is used to showcase the identity and rank of the homeowner, as well as the lowly status of the family.
处处皆景，处处皆情，小小门墩，多样图案，使门的建筑富于变化和灵气，隐含了中国传统古老的观念。 Everywhere there is scenery and sentiment, with small gate piers and diverse patterns, the architecture of the gate is full of changes and spirituality, implying ancient Chinese traditional concepts. 如今，门墩日渐稀少，但其中的文化意味依然隽永。 Nowadays, gate piers are becoming increasingly rare, but their cultural significance remains profound.
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