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Board Review case 3:tibial plateau fractures 胫骨平台骨折

 粤C影像科 2023-05-14 发布于广东

致谢:该病例来自auntminnie Board Review——Musculoskeletal

翻译:赵文韬   江门市中心医院 放射科

NO.1

A 30-year-old man presents to the emergency department complaining of right knee pain after being hit by a car while the vehicle was reversing out of a parking space. The patient reports worsening pain and an inability to bear weight on the right lower extremity.

Frontal, lateral, and oblique radiographic views of the right knee are shown below.

What is the diagnosis?

 A.Femoral condylar fracture

 B.Floating knee

 C.Internal derangement of the knee

 D.Lateral tibial plateau fracture

 Correct answer : D

一名30岁的男子向急诊科讲述,一辆从停车位倒出的汽车,把他撞倒了,导致右膝疼痛。患者说疼痛逐渐加重,右下肢不能负重。

右膝关节正位、侧面和斜位X线平片如下所示

诊断是什么?

A.股骨髁骨折

B.浮膝

C.膝关节内紊乱

D.胫骨平台外侧骨折

正确答案:D



Explanation: Fractures of the tibial plateau often result from axial loading with or without rotational injury and with or without valgus angulation. Most tibial plateau fractures are fractures of the lateral plateau (75% to 80%). These fractures are classified using the Schatzker classification system. In general, types I to III are low-energy and involve only the lateral plateau, and types IV to VI are high-energy. Meniscal tears may happen in anywhere from 2% to 47% of tibial plateau fractures. Patients often present with pain, inability to bear weight, and a knee joint effusion. Compartment syndrome must be ruled out. In older patients, it is more common in women and often related to osteoporosis. In younger patients, it is more common in men and often related to high-energy sports injuries. Lipohemoarthrosis will be seen on a cross-table lateral view and can serve as a clue for subtle nondisplaced tibial plateau fractures.

解析:胫骨平台骨折通常是由轴向负荷引起的,伴或不伴旋转损伤、外翻。其中胫骨平台外侧骨折多见(75%~80%)。上述骨折采用Schatzker分型。一般来说,Ⅰ型—Ⅲ型是由低能量暴力导致的,只涉及胫骨平台外侧,Ⅳ型—Ⅵ型是高能量暴力导致的。在胫骨平台骨折中,半月板撕裂发生的几率为2%到47%。患者常表现为疼痛、无力负重和膝关节积液。务必排除骨筋膜室综合征。在老年患者中,女性更为常见,多与骨质疏松有关。在年轻患者中,男性更为常见,通常与剧烈运动损伤有关。若在穿桌侧位看到关节积脂血症,可以作为轻微无错位胫骨平台骨折的线索。


In the Schatzker classification commonly used to classify these fractures, which type is most common?

A.    I

B.    II

C.    III

D.    IV

E.     V

F.     VI

Correct answer : B

在Schatzker骨折分类法中,哪种骨折最常见?

A.    I

B.    II

C.    III

D.    IV

E.     V

F.    VI

正确答案:B

补充知识点:

Schatzker分类系统:

I型:外侧平台劈裂骨折,无关节面塌陷。多发生于年轻人。骨折移位时常伴有外侧半月板撕裂,或向四周位移或半月板嵌入骨折间隙。此型占胫骨平台骨折的15.0%。

II型:外侧平台劈裂,关节面塌陷,多发生于40岁以上的病人。此型占胫骨平台骨折的23.2%。

III型:外侧平台单纯压缩骨折。压缩部分常位于关节中心部分,由于压缩大小和压缩程度的不同及外侧半月板损伤情况的不同,这种损伤可能是稳定或者不稳定骨折。此型占胫骨平台骨折的14.5%。

IV型:胫骨内侧平台骨折,多由中等到高能量暴力致伤,常合并膝关节脱位、血管损伤,因此需仔细检查。此型占胫骨平台骨折的14.5%。

V型:双侧平台骨折,高能量暴力损伤所致,易合并血管神经损伤。此型占胫骨平台骨折的12.0%。

VI型:双侧平台骨折加胫骨干与骨骺端分离,由高能量暴力损伤所致,在X线平片显示为粉碎爆裂骨折,常合并膝部软组织严重损伤、筋膜室综合征和严重神经血管损伤。此型占胫骨平台骨折的20.8%。

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