肩胛提肌Levator Scapula

The Levator Scapula (LS) is a neck and scapular muscle that is short and powerful 

肩胛提肌是一条连接在颈部和肩胛的肌肉，短而强壮

 
LS attaches to C1-C4 vertebrae at the transverse processes, making it a fine lateral neck flexor (same side bender) of the scapula is fixed. 

肩胛提肌附着在C1-C4的横突上，肩胛骨固定时，使颈部向同侧侧屈。

LS also attaches to the superior angle of the scapula, right where most of my patients have what I affectionately deem a “perma-knot.”

肩胛提肌也连接在肩胛上角的位置，我的大多数病人都会在这个地方出现结节。

If the neck is fixed, LS elevates and slightly retracts the scapula, contributing to downward scapular rotation. 

如果颈部固定，肩胛骨会产生轻微的后缩和下回旋动作

LS is Innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve C4-C5, as well as a separate Innervation from C3-C4 ventral rami branches. This muscle is quite secure, with its dual innervation and connections. 
肩胛提肌是由肩胛背侧神经c4-c5支配，同时也受到c3-c4神经腹侧支配，双重神经支配以及连接点使得这块肌肉稳定可靠

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LS forms part of the floor of the posterior neck triangle, where it’s covered in a fascia that connects it to the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia. Thus, when abdominal pressure is lost, LS kicks in as an assist for lateral spinal flexion. 

肩胛提肌构成后颈部三角区域的一部分，被连接到胸腰筋膜后侧层的筋膜所覆盖，因此腹内压不足时肩胛提肌会出来协助脊柱侧弯动作

Shoulder hiking (via trapezius and LS) is a major compensation for lack of abdominal stability in ipsilateral lateral flexion, particularly with quadratus lumborum or internal abdominal oblique inhibition. 
耸肩（斜方肌和肩胛提肌产生）是侧弯时腹部稳定不足的主要代偿动作，特别是腰方肌或腹内斜肌受到抑制时

LS is linked to cervical instability, especially in cases of improper extension hinging patterns in the cervical spine. LS locks the cervical spine to try to prevent its movement. 
肩胛提肌和颈椎稳定关系密切，特别是在不正确颈椎伸展活动时，肩胛提肌会锁定颈椎避免活动。

People with LS tightness often try to mobilize it, creating more instability. This causes LS to reflexively tighten more, creating more of perceived need to stretch and mobilize an unstable cervical segment. 
肩胛提肌紧绷的人通常会试着活动它，反而产生更多的不稳定，而且会造成肩胛提肌反射性的紧绷更为严重，让你觉得不稳定的颈椎需要更多的伸展和放松

Just because something is tight, it doesn’t mean you should stretch it. 
因为紧绷的组织不代表需要伸展的

Often times, things will be tight in attempt to stabilize nearby structures.

大多数情况下，紧绷是为了要稳定周围的组织

In the cases of cervical spine instability, the areas in need of mobilization are often the upper and lower cervical segments, otherwise known as transitional areas.
在颈椎不稳定的情况下，通常需要活动颈部上部分或者下部分区域，其余区域是过度性区域

The midcervical spine actually seeks stability, not excessive mobility. When it is asked to mobilize for immobile segments, it creates instability. 
颈部中段需要的是稳定而不是过多的活动，当你活动了那些不动的颈椎时，会造成颈椎的不稳定

So, all that self-neck adjusting and LS stretching may be making your condition worsen. 
 所以，自行颈椎正骨和肩胛提肌伸展可能会造成情况更严重

Elevation of the shoulder can be compromising to the rotator cuff structures, particularly supraspinatus.
耸肩也可能是代偿旋转肌群的动作，特别是冈上肌

If excessive anterior scapular tilting is permitted, the structural integrity of suprapsinatus may be compromised. 
如果有过度肩胛前倾的情况，冈上肌的整体功能就可能会产生问题

Because of LS’s ability to downwardly rotate the scapula, people with hiked shoulders may trade the power of latissimus dorsi (lat) for LS overuse. Since the lat internally rotates the humerus with LS recruitment, the lat becomes unavailable for humeral extension. 
由于肩胛提肌可以下旋肩胛骨，耸肩动作造成肩胛提肌过度活化而牺牲背阔肌的力量。若背阔肌内旋肱骨时伴随肩胛提肌的活化，肱骨伸展的动作就无法产生

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原文作者：Dr. Kathy Dooley

编辑翻译：康复小南宁

小编微信：kangfxnn