关系副词是用来引导关系从句的词,包括:where,when 和 why。
识别它们可能会令人困惑,因为它们不仅仅用作关系副词。它们还有其他目的。例如,它们可以用来提问题: - I don't know where she lives. (宾语从句)
- I will leave when it gets light outside. (时间状语从句)
识别关系副词的关键方法是,它们引入了一个关系从句,并且它们位于所修饰的名词之后:- The town where we usually go on holiday is in Northumberland.
- I will never forget the year when you proposed to me.
- I'm not sure of the reason why she left.
所以它们提供了更多关于名词的信息。现在我们来看看这三个关系副词的例子。Where 是表示位置的副词,所以它用来指位置,可以是任何类型的地点,例如国家、城市、地理区域、房屋或商店等。它取代了介词加关系代词 in which 或 at which,后者往往只用于正式场合,如学术写作或正式演讲。- I've never been to the office in which my husband works.(正式)
- I've never been to the office where my husband works. (非正式)
- Is that the shop in which you bought your dress? (正式)
- Is that the shop where you bought your dress? (非正式)
- Paris, in which we met, is a beautiful city. (正式)
- Paris, where we met, is a beautiful city. (非正式)
When 是表示时间的副词,因此用于引入与时间有关的关系从句。该从句所指的名词通常是时间,可以是一天中的时间、一天、一周、一年或一个时代等。它取代了介词加关系代词 in which,at which 或 on which,这些词是为更正式的上下文保留的。- The 1970s is the decade in which heavy rock music dominated.
- The 1970s is the decade when heavy rock music dominated.
- I love our office parties, at which we get the chance to relax.
- I love our office parties, when we get the chance to relax.
- Tomorrow is the day on which I get my first pay check.
- Tomorrow is the day when I get my first pay check.
Why 是表示原因的副词,那么它引导的关系从句与为什么会发生某事有关。在这种情况下,它取代了介词加关系代词 for which,后者同样用于更正式场合。- Do you know the reason for which he left?
- Do you know the reason why he left?
- The reason for which I turned down the job is that the pay was too low.
- The reason why I turned down the job is that the pay was too low.
- There are many reasons for which people choose not to get married.
- There are many reasons why people choose not to get married.
如果句子没有 the reason 仍然有意义,我们可以省略 the reason:Do you know why he left?剑桥在线词典关于 reason why 和 reason that 的用法阐述如下:我们在一个子句之前使用 reason why,此时经常省略 why,尤其是在陈述中:- The reason (why) I didn’t contact you was that I was only in town for a few hours.
我们在一个子句之前使用 reason that,此时经常省略 that,尤其是在陈述中。与 reason why 相比,reason that 不太常见但稍微正式。在《朗文英语语法》中关于 reason why,reason for 和 reason that 用法的陈阐述如下:- That's the reason (for which) he dislikes me.
- That's (the reason) why he dislikes me.
- My success in business, (the reason) for which he dislikes me, has been due to hard work.
- My success in business, the reason why he dislikes me, has been due to hard work.
3、that 替换 when,why 和 where That 可能可以(但可选)代替 when,why 和 where,但仅限于限制性定语从句。- That wasn't the reason (that) he lied to you.
由于结构是如此受限或冗余,所以经常会删除一些内容,所以一个简单的时态从句跟在 reason 后面就暗示了 why。也就是,在限制性定语从句中,the reason why,the reason that 或 the reason 意思是一样,又如:- He didn't tell me the reason why he wore a polka-dot dress.
- He didn't tell me the reason that he wore a polka-dot dress.
- He didn't tell me the reason he wore a polka-dot dress.
此外,在非限制性定语从句中,the reason why 中的 the reason 不能省略,换句话说 why 引导的定语从句之前是不能用逗号的,也就是它只引导非限制性定语从句。 怎么使用关系副词与定语从句是限制性的还是非限制性的有一定的关系。限制性定语从句提供了被修饰名词的基本信息,它们不能从句子中省略。它们没有逗号;非限制性定语从句提供额外或附加信息。附加信息用逗号分隔。Where 和 when 可以用于限制性和非限制性从句。
- A chemists is a place where you buy medicine.
- The centre of the village, where you'll find the church and the gardens, is very beautiful.
- I'm hoping for a time when we can be together again.
- The summer, when the sun is shining, is always my favourite time of year.
- I don't understand the reason why they failed the exam.
- Can you tell me why you are late?
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