英语语法：强调句

为了强调、突出某种意思，为了强调句子的某一部分，会用到强调结构。笼统的说，强调结构可以分为口语和书面语两种强调结构。

分类

1 口语的强调

口语中强调比较简单，主要是通过重读来实现的。如下句：

Tom never goes to the cinema.

1) 要强调Tom而不是别人从不去影院，会重读TOM，从而形成

’TOMnever goes to the cinema.

2) 要强调Tom从不去影院，而不是去其他地方，会重读theCINEMA，从而形成

Tomnever goes to the’CINEMA.

3) 而要强调Tom从不NEVER去影院，会重读NEVER，从而形成

TOM’NEVERgoes to the cinema.

相对要简单很多。

2书面语的强调

一般我们所说的强调，指的是书面语的强调。常用的就是强调句、倒装等一些特殊句式。

强调句句型的种类及句型

⒈ 陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。

如：It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.

⒉ 一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。如：Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?

⒊ 特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分?如：When and where was it that you were born?

⒋ 强调句例句：

针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。

① 强调主语：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.

② 强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.

③ 强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.

④ 强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.

⑤注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that、who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that， who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was…，其余的时态用It is…

not … until … 句型的强调句

⒈ 句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分

如：普通句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.

强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.

⒉注意：此句型只用until，不用till。

但如果不是强调句型，till， until可通用;

因为句型中It is/ was not …… 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。

谓语动词的强调

⒈ It is/ was …… that …… 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did.

如：Do sit down. 务必请坐。He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必(千万)要小心啊!

⒉ 注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did，没有别的形式;过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。

强调句的疑问句

⒈ 强调结构的疑问形式：强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时，要在主句中用一般疑问句的顺序。

如：Was it you that/who broke the window?

Was it in the war that he lost his son?

⒉ 强调特殊疑问句中的疑问词，其结构模式是：“疑问词+is/was+it +that。”它同感叹句的强调模式极其相似，首先将疑问句开头的部分作为强调部分，套入强调结构，然后再将其变为疑问句。

如：Where were you born?

→Where was it that you were born?

What did you want to see?

→What was it that you wanted to see?

How many people are being trained for the special work?

→How many people is it that arebeing trained for the special work?

强调句型中的主谓一致

⒈被强调的成分为原句的主语时，that/who之后的谓语动词应与被强调的名词或代词在人称和数方面保持一致关系，从而选用恰当的动词形式。

如：It is you who/that are wrong.

It is I who/that am answering the question.

⒉ 但是如果被强调的部分是人称代词，按理应用人称代词主格形式，但在口语或非正式文体中也可以用其宾格形式，此时that/who的谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式is或was。

如：It is me who is being asked the favor.

⒊ 另在Itis/was…，not…that…句型中，其谓语动词应与肯定部分的词保持一致关系。

如：It is my brother,not I that studies in that school.

It is you,not your sister that are in charge of the company.

感叹句的强调结构

既要体现强调句型的形式特征，又要体现感叹句的自然语序。

如：How happy he looks!→How happy it is that he looks!

What a clever boy he is!→What a clever boy that he is!