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中考105个英语语法公式!

 bookman1959 2025-01-14 发布于湖北
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☘中考☘100个☘英语☘语法☘公式☘

1.a+单数量词+of+复数可数名词

a set of keys一串钥匙

a basket of eggs一篮子鸡蛋

a group of children一群孩子

2.数词+复数量词+of+复数可数名词

four baskets of peaches 四篮子桃子

two boxes of matches两盒火柴

two baskets of apples两篮子苹果

3.a+单数量词+of+不可数名词

a piece of chalk一支粉笔

a bottle of water一瓶水

a bit of bread 一点面包

a cup of milk一杯牛奶

4.数词+复数量词+of+不可数名词

two glasses of milk两杯牛奶

five bottles of water五瓶水

three cups of coffee 三杯咖啡

5.单数名词词尾+“ 's”表示所属关系(名词所有格的用法)

Tom's father汤姆的爸爸

the children' s toys儿童玩具

today' s newspaper今天的报纸

6、复数名词词尾(以 s结尾)加“ ' ”表示所属关系。

Jimmy's book(吉米的书)

Jane's schoolbag(简的书包)

Children's Day (儿童的节日、六一儿童节)

the teachers' club教师俱乐部

someone else's wallet其他人的钱

the workers'rest room工人疗养院

the students' dormitory学生宿舍

My parents' hometown 我父母的家乡

7、A(+B..)+and +C+'s表示两者或多者共同拥有。

Professor Wang is Li Ming and Li Ling's mother. 王教授是李明和李玲的妈妈。

Tom and Jack's room.汤姆和杰克的房间(共有一个房间)

8、A + 's( + B + 'S.)+ and + C + 's表示两者或多者分别拥有。

Tim's and Peter's fathers both teach in the same school. 蒂姆的爸爸和彼得的爸爸在同一所学校教学。

Tom's and Jack's rooms.汤姆的房间和杰克的房间(各人的房间)

9、“名词+of+名词”一般用于无生命事物的名词所有格,有时也可表示人或其他有生命事物的名词间的所有关系。

a map of China一张中国地图

the door of the room房间的门

a picture of my family我的一张全家福

The windows of that house are broken.

那间屋子的窗户破了。

△以下情况,也可用's表示所有格。

①表示时间、距离和价格单位的名词,单数加's,复数加'。

a day's work 一天的工作

a year's salary 一年的薪资

ten years' time 十年的光阴

fifty miles journey 五十英里的行程

two miles' distance 两英里的距离

million dollars' worth of ivory价值数百万美元的象牙

②表示交通工具的名词,单数加's,复数加'。

the ship's size 船的大小

the car's door. 汽车门

the plane's wings 飞机机翼

10、名词+of+名词的s所有格

I have only read four books of Dickens' .

我只看过狄更斯的四本书。

11、“many等+复数可数名词”

只修饰复数可数名词的词或短语有a great many,quite a few等。

He made a great many mistakes.

他犯了许多错误。

12、“much等+不可数名词”只修饰不可数名词的词或短语有a good/great deal of, a good/great/large amount of等。

We got little help from them.我们没有从他们那儿得到什么帮助。

13、plenty of/lots of/a lot of/ quantities of/a quantity of等既可修饰复数可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,表示 “很多的,大量的”。

We had to save a lot of money before we could buy a house.我们当时攒了很多钱才能买房。

14、a/an+单数可数名词

A square has four sides.正方形有四条边。

a boy一个男孩

a desk一张桌子

an umbrella一把雨伞

An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一日一苹果,医生远离我。

15、the+单数可数名词

The tiger is without doubt the most magnificent of the big cats. 老虎无疑是大型猫科动物中最威武的。

16、零冠词+复数可数名词/不可数名词Plastic is hard to break up.塑料很难分解。

17、a/an+单数可数名词表示泛指、初次提到('一;每' 等意义)

He was born in a small mountainous village in Guizhou Province. 他出生在贵州省的一个小山村里。

18、“a/an+专有名词”表示具有某种特性的人或物、某一个不认识的人或不确定的时间。

The story took place in an October in the 1980s.这个故事发生在20世纪80年代一个10月。

19、“a/an+抽象名词”:当抽象名词表示具体的人或事物,或表示引起人们某种情绪、情感的人或事时,视为可数名词,可用不定冠词修饰。

Working with Jane is a great joy.

和简一起工作是一件很快乐的事情。

20、“a/an+物质名词”(如 fog,rain,snow,wind等前面用不定冠词),表示'一……'之意。

I'd like a coffee and a chicken sandwich, sir .

先生,我要一杯咖啡和一个鸡肉三明治。

21、the的用法:“the+名词”特指上文提到过的、特定的或谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。

I bought a new bike yesterday. The bike cost me eight hundred yuan.昨天我买了一辆新自行车,这辆自行车花了我800元钱。

I visited a church in Jinan. The church was built in the early 1900s.我在济南参观了一座教堂。这座教堂建于20世纪初。

22~28、the 的用法

①the用在特定的人或物的名词前,表示特指。

Who is the girl over there?那边的女孩是谁?

②用来指上文中已提到过或谈话双方都知道的人或事物。

人There is a chair in the room. An old man is sitting on thechair.房间里有一把椅子,椅子上坐着一位老人。

Give me the schoolbag,please.

③用于表示世界上独一无二的事物名词前以及普通名词构成的专有名词前。

the sun太阳

the Mars火星

the moon月亮

the earth地球

the Great Wall长城

the United States美国

the Pacific Ocean太平洋

the Tianshan Mountains天山山脉

④用在表示演奏的西洋乐器之前。

play the violin/piano/drums/guitar拉小提琴/弹钢琴/敲鼓/弹吉他

注意:中国的传统乐器前不加the。

注意:中国的传统乐器前可加the也可不加the。

play (the)Erhu拉二胡

play (the) Pipe 弹琵琶

⑤the用于形容词、副词的最高级前。

Tom is one of the tallest students in our class.汤姆是我们班最高的学生之一。

记:形容词的最高级前用the,副词最高级前的the,可以省略。如:

Tom runs(the)fastest in our school.

⑥用在序数词或表示顺序的其他词前。

the first time(第一次)

the second one(第二个)

All the students take five subjects in the first year.所有学生第一年要上五门课程。

⑦“the+形容词”或“the+可数名词单数”表示一类事物。

The rich/poor富人/穷人

The new is sure to replace the old.新事物一定会取代旧事物。

The dog is one of the cleverest animals in the world.狗是世界上最聪明的动物之一。

⑧用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。

The Blacks 布莱克一家

The Greens 格林一家

The Turners were having lunch when I got there.我到那里的时候,特纳一家正在吃午饭。

⑨用在next, last, same, only等词前。

—Are you the only child?你是独生子吗?

—No. I have a sister.不是,我有一个姐姐。

⑩用在一些固定短语中。

around the world世界各地

do the dishes清洗餐具

go to the movies看电影

take the subway乘地铁

in the countryside在乡下;在农村

in the face of面对(问题、困难等)

at the top of...在……顶部或顶端

in the end最后on the whole 大体上

【定冠词the的用法口诀】

特指双方熟悉,上文已经提及。

世上独一无二,方位名词乐器。

某些专有名词,外加复数姓氏。

序数词最高级,习惯用语要特记。

29、Such/what/half+a/an(+形容词)+单数可数名词

He has never written such an interesting book as that.他从未写过像那本书一样那么有趣的书。

30、that/as/so/too/how/enough+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词.

Lily is too young a child to be left by herself at home.莉莉还太小,不能把她单独留在家里。

31、quite/rather+a/an(+形容词)+名词

I had quite/rather an easy test yesterday. 我昨天的考试很简单。

32、
all/both/double/half/twice等+the+名词。

All the students in the class went out 班里所有的学生都出去了。

33~35、人称代词的排列顺序:

单数人称二三一,复数人称一二三

33)“you+he/she+l”用于多个单数人称并列的场合。

You and I have done our best

我和你都已经尽全力了。

34)“we+you+they ”用于多个复数人称并列的场合。

We,you and they are all Chinese.

我们、你们和他们都是中国人。

35)“he +she”用于男、女两性并列的场合。

He and she don't agree with me.

他和她不同意我的看法。

36、It+be/get+形容词/名词/介词短语.

it用作非人称代词时,常表示天气、日期、时间、距离、温度等。

It gets colder and colder 天气变得越来越冷。

37、It+be +被强调部分+that..构成强调句,强调句子的主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时,that可以换成who,其他情况一律用that。

It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.直到我来到了这里我才意识到这个地方不仅以美景闻名,而且它的天气也很有名。

38、It+be+形容词(+for sb.)+to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是……的。

It is very important for us to master the skills of puters.对于我们来说,掌握计算机技能是非常重要的。

39、It+be+no use/no good + doing sth.意为“做.…是没用的'(动名词是真正的主语,it是形式主语)

It is no good turning to him. He is always indifferent towards others' matters 向他求助没用,他对别人的事总是漠不关心。

40、It+be+过去分词+that 从句。

在“ It + be + 过去分词+ that 主语从句”句型中常见的过去分词有:announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported,said, shown等,常构成下面句式.

①It is said that… 据说……

It’s said that quite a few boys in your school like playing football in their spare time.听说你们学校有不少男孩子喜欢在业余时间踢足球。

It is said that he's gone abroad. 据说他已出国了。

②It is believed that… 据说……,据信……

It is believed that the castle was built in the 16th century. 据信这座城堡建于16世纪。

③It is expected that… 据估计…,预计……

It’s expected that the war would end soon. 预计战争不久即可结束。It is expected that there will be a good harvest. 我们期望今年有个好收成。

④It is known that… 众所周知…,人们认为……

It is well known that penguins live in the Antarctic. 企鹅生活在南极洲是众所周知的。

It is known that he is honest. 众所周知,他是个老实人。

⑤It is reported that… 据报道……

It is reported that the waves are big today. 据报道,今天浪大。It is reported that soon afterward it began to rain. 据说之后不久就开始下雨了。It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon next year. 据报道,明年会在月球上建一个空间站。

⑥It is suggested that … 有人建议(建议;据建议)……It is suggested that you spend more time in studying English. 你应该花更多的时间学习英语.

⑦It is required that … 要求……It is required that every student ( should) wear a school uniform. 所有学生都要求穿校服。

41、It+be+名词+不定式/that 从句。

此句型中常用的名词有:a pity,an honor,a shame,a question, a good thing,a fact,a surprise,good news, one’s duty,time等。

It is a pity (that) you missed the sports meeting last week. 很遗憾,你错过了上周的运动会。

It is a question that who will hold the meeting.谁来主持会议是个问题。

It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 英语正在被接受为一种国际语言,这是一个事实。

It is an honour for me to be invited to speak here.我很荣幸应邀在这里讲话。

It is a surprise that the house was built on the top of the mountain. 那座房子建在山顶上,真令人惊奇。

It is a wonder that he came here so early this morning. 他今天早晨到得这么早,真是怪事。

It is no wonder that he should have succeeded. 他成功了,这不足为奇。

In a way, it is a good thing that you didn’t pass the exam, for you will realize your shortcoming.在某种程度上,你没有通过考试是件好事,因为你会意识到自己的缺点。

It is our duty that we should keep the room clean.保持房间清洁是我们的责任。

It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed.孩子们该睡觉了。

It is the first time that I have been to Beijing this year.这是我今年第一次来北京。

42、It+be+形容词+that 从句

It is obvious that he doesn't know how to repair a car 很明显,他不知道怎样修理汽车。

43、It+动词+that 从句

用于该句型的动词有appear,seem, happen等。

It appears that all the files have been deleted.所有的档案好像都已经被删除了。

44、It+be+ (high) time.…

Now it is time for me to study hard. 现在是我努力学习的时候了。

45、It+is/has been+时间段+since..主语连系

It is three months since they completed the great project. 他们完成这项大工程已经3个月了。

46、It+was/will be+时间段+before.(过多长时间才…;还要多长时间才…)

It was several minutes before we realized what was happening .几分钟后我们才明白发生了什么事情。

47、主语+谓语动词+it+宾语补足语

I thought it appropriate to invite her to speak at the meeting.我认为邀请她在会上发言是合理的。

48、名词+of+形容词性物主代词+own(完全属于自己的;……自己的…)

There is only one success in the world——to be able to spend your life in your own way .世界上只有一种成功,那就是能够用自己的方式度过一生。

49、one.….,the other.…(两者中的一个……另一个……)

He has two sons. One is a doctor and the other is a soldier.他有两个儿子。一个是医生,另一个是军人。

50、some.…,others….(不确定范围中的一些…….另一些.…)

Some boys are playing football, and others are playing basketball in the playground.操场一些男孩子在踢足球,另外一些在打篮球。

51、Some…….,the others.….(确定范围中的一些……其余的全部……)

Of these students, some are from Peking University, and the others are from Tsinghua University.这些学生中,一些来自北京大学,其余的来自清华大学。

52、one….another…..the other(三者以上中的 一个…… 一个…….另一个……)

The old man's three daughters are all abroad. One is in the US, another is in England and the other seems to be in France. 这位老人的三个女儿都在国外。一个在美国,一个在英国,另外一个好像在法国。

53、(a) few/many(+复数可数名词)(b) little/much(+不可数名词)

I have got a few friends who live nearby. 我有几个住在附近的朋友。

54、“such+be..…”句型中be 的单复数形式由其后的名词或代词决定。

Such were her wishes.这就是她的愿望。

55、none和no one的区别

1)对象不同

none:没有一个。既可指人也可指物。反义词all.

no one:没有人。只能指人。

none,一个都没有,强调数量;no one不强调数量。

2)谓语不同

none作主语时,谓语动词单复数据均可。如:None of these pens works/work.这些钢笔没有一支能用。

no one作主语时,谓语动词只能用单数。如:

No one knows the truth. 没有人知道真相。

3)用法不同

①none可接由of构成的短语;no one却不能。如:

None of us knew him.

No one likes him.

②none一般可用来回答:how many+名词、 how much+名词以及含any+名词引导的疑问句。如:

-How many books are there on the desk?

-None.

no one用来回答“who,以及含 anyone/anybody”引导的疑问句。

-Who is in the room?-No one.

56、基数词+
dozen/hundred/thousand/million+复数可数名词(..…打/百/千/万..…)

There were about seven hundred students in the school building during the earthquake. 地震时教学楼里大约有700名学生。

The hall can hold 3000 people.这个大厅能容纳3000人

57、dozens/scores/hundreds/

thousands/millions +of +复数可数名词(数十/百/千/百万……)

Hundreds of people came to Nanjing to attend Dao Lang's concert.成百上千的人来到南京参加刀朗的演唱会.

She went to the bookstore and bought dozens of books. 她去书店买了几十本书。

58~59、时间表达法

58、如果所表述的时间恰好为半小时,可用【half + past + 小时】;

如果所表述的时间在半小时之内,可以用【分钟 + past + 小时】;

所有的时间都可以用【小时 + 分钟】直接读。

①11:30 (half past eleven)

2:30( half past two)

②6:10 (ten past six)

4:20( twenty past four)

10:25 (twenty-five past ten)

③6:10 (six ten)

8:30 (eight thirty)

2:40( two forty)

59、如果所表述的时间超过了半小时,可用【(相差的)分钟 + to + 下一小时】

10:35 (twenty-five to eleven)(11点差25分)

5:50( ten to six)(6点差10分)

9:49( eleven to ten)(10点差11分)

60、“at (the age of)+基数词”('在….岁时'),表示的是一个时间点,常与一般时连用; by the age of(“到…岁时”),表示的是一个时间段,常与完成时连用;

①At (the age of) forty, he became the general manager of the pany. 他40岁时,成了公司的总经理。

②A man should be independent at the age of thirty.三十而立。

③By the age of sixteen, he had learned to manage the company.到十六岁时,他已经学会了管理公司。

61、a/an+名词+aged+基数词(一个……岁的)

He is an old man aged eighty.

= He is an eighty- year -old man.

他是一位80岁的老人。

62、in one' s + 整十数的复数形式 (在某人几十多岁时)。

in one's fifties在某人五十多岁时

My mother became a professor in her thirties.我妈妈三十多岁时就成了一名教授。

63、in+the+年数+s/'s(在.….世纪…年代)

This kind of hairstyle was very popular (in the 1990s/1990's).这种发型在20世纪90年代非常流行。

64、倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as. (“.….是…的.…倍”)

The new stadium being built for the next Asia Games will be three times as big as the present one.正在为下一届亚运会修建的新体育场将是现在这个的三倍大。

65、倍数+the+名词+of..(.…是…的…倍)

This street is twice/double the width of that one. 这条大街是那条街的两倍宽。

66、倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than..(为'.….是… 的….倍”)

This room is twice larger than yours.

这间房子的大小是你们那间的两倍。

67、形容词/副词比较级+than..+by+倍数(为'…… 是…….的….倍”)

This line is longer than that one by twice.

这条线是那条线的两倍长。

68、the+序数词+单数可数名词(第……);

the first book第一本书

a/an+序数词+单数可数名词(另一个,再一个)

In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language. 为了找一份更好的工作,他决定再学一门外语

give me a second chance.再给我一次机会吧。

69、时间介词at、on、in的用法。

1)at多指时间点(钟点),或某个时刻(黎明、黄昏、日出、日落等)。例如:

at 6 o'clock( 在6点)

at dawn (在黎明时)

at sunset (在日落时)

at the moment( 在此刻)

at present (在现在)

at that time (在那时)

at也可以指一段时间(中午、夜晚、周末、节日等)。例如:

at noon (在中午)

at night (在夜晚)

at the weekend (在周末)

at Christmas (在圣诞节期间)

at还可以指年龄。例如:

at my age( 在我的年纪)

at the age of 18 (在18岁时)

2)on常指具体的某一天(星期几、具体日期、具体某日等)。

on Sunday morning(在星期天的早上)

on a rainy night of August18(在8月18日的一个雨夜)

on Sunday (在星期天)

on the 24th of May (在5月24日)

on New Year's Day (在元旦)

3)in可以表示月份、季节、年份、年代、世纪等。例如:

in April (在四月)

in summer( 在夏天)

in 2022 (在2022年)

in 1990's( 在20世纪90年代)

in the 21st century( 在21世纪)

in还可以表示昼夜时间。例如:

in the morning( 在早上)

in the afternoon (在下午)

in the evening (在晚上)

in the daytime (在白天)

70、“for+表示时间段的名词”:表示一个时间段,可用于完成时、过去时、将来时的句子中。

①I have lived in Shanghai for 5 years.我已经在上海住了5年了。(言外之意是现在还在住,往往还有可能继续进行下去)

②I practised playing basketball for 10 years,but after I got hurt, I had to quit.我练习打篮球已经有10年了,但是在我受伤后,我不得不放弃。

③They have known each other for a long time.他们彼此认识很久了。

④I have studied English for three hours.我学习英语已经三个小时了。

71、“after+表示时间段的名词”:用于过去时,表示多长时间之后。

The old man left home in 1924 and came back after thirty years. 那位老人1924年离开家,30年后才回来。

72、on、over、above、up、beneath、under、below、down的用法。

内容图片

1)on:在……上方。某物直接位于另一物的上方,两者之间有接触。

The book is on the table. 书放在桌子上。

2)beneath:在……下方。某物直接位于另一物的下方,两者之间有接触。

The book is beneath the pillow. 书在枕头下面。

3)over:(垂直的)正上方。某物位于另一物的正上方,两者之间通常没有接触。

The plane flew over our heads.飞机飞过头顶。

4)under:(垂直的)正下方。某物位于另一物的正下方,两者之间通常没有接触。

The car is under the bridge.汽车停在桥下。

5)above:斜上方。某物在另一物的斜上方,强调位置较高。

The stars are above the clouds.

星星位于云层之上。

6)below:斜下方。某物在另一物的斜下方,强调位置较低。

The valley is below the peak.

山谷在山峰之下。

7)up:表示向上移动或朝向更高位置的动作。

Raise your arms up.举起手臂。

8)down:表示向下移动或朝向更低位置的动作。Please sit down.请坐下。

73、through/across/past/over+名词意为“穿过/经过/跨过某地”。

内容图片

1)past从......旁边经过

We drove past the house.

我们开车经过那座房子。

2)across从物体表面横过

She walked across the street.

她步行穿过街道。

3)through从物体内部穿过

The train run full speed through the tunnel.

火车飞速穿过隧道。

4)over从物体上方越过或跨过

We went over the river in a boat.

我们坐船过河。

74、between/among+名词:“在…之间”

1)between 意为“在 两者之间”

There is a fence between the two gardens. 两个花园之间有一道栅栏。

What’s the difference between cheetahs and leopards? 猎豹和花豹有何不同呢?

2)among 意为“在 (三者或三者以上的人或事物) 之中”。

He saw a familiar face among the crowd. 他在人群中看见了一张熟悉的面孔。

75、except/besides/except for+名词意为“除了… 之外”。

1)besides除了… 之外 (包括…)

2)except 除了… 之外 (不包括…)

Yesterday they went to the cinema besides Tom. = Yesterday they went to the cinema. Tom went there ,too.

Yesterday they went to the cinema except Tom. = Yesterday they went to the cinema, but Tom didn’t go there.

3)except for = not including / without 除了…之外;要不是…;只是…

△except 和except for 都有“除了…”的意思,但是在用法上有区别,except常常指从整体里排除个体,except for 表示对整体主要部分加以肯定外,仍有部分不应肯定。

①We go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday.

②The composition is good except for the spelling.

76、介词 by,with,in,on表示方式的用法

①【by 】 “用/通过......手段或方式”或“乘坐/凭借.......的交通工具”。

He makes a living by writing novels.

I study English by practicing speaking it every day.

People across the world can travel by plane.

He goes to school by bus.

②【with 】 “用......(工具/人体部位)”

He writes with a pen.

We can cut things with a knife.

We eat with our mouths.

We listen with our ears.

③【in 】 “ 用......(语言/声音/物质材料)”

Can you sing the song in English?

Please say it in a loud voice.

We can write it in ink but we can’t write it in pencil.

④【on】 “用/通过......(电器或媒介)” “在......(电器或媒介)上”

I often watch football games on TV but my father watches them on the Internet.

小结:

by+ doing/交通工具

with+工具/人体部位

in+语言/声音/物质材料

on+电器或媒介

77、be busy (in) doing sth.忙于做某事

We' re busy (in) doing homework after school every day 我们每天放学后都忙于做作业。

78、have
difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难/麻烦/问题”。

I have difficulty in learning English grammar.(我在学习英语语法方面有困难。)

Do you have trouble(in)finding the house? 你找房子有困难吗?

I have some trouble (in) working out this problem. 解出这道题我有些困难。

79、动词短语stop/keep/prevent + sb + from doing sth.(阻止某人干某事)

①We must stop him (from) going to swim in the river. 我们必须阻止他去河里游泳。

You must stop your father (from) smoking in public. 你一定要阻止你的父亲在公共场合吸烟。②My mother keeps me from playing computer games.妈妈不让我玩电脑游戏。

注意:keep sb from doing sth中的from不可省略。记:keep doing sth.(意思是“保持/继续做某事”,一般表示的是一直保持或继续做同一件事,不间断);而keep on doing sth.(意思是“继续做某事,反复做某事”,也强调某人做某事的决心, 其中间有间断,强调的是在时间上的间隔性和动作上的反复性。在时间上如果表示将来或今后继续做某事,我们一般用keep on doing sth.):

【例句1】I have kept learning English for 10 years. 我已经坚持学英语10年了。(表示这10年的时间里,没有停止过学习英语,表示在时间上的连贯性。)

【例句2】I can keep on learning English when I go back to China. 我回到中国后可以继续学英语。(表示学英语的反复性,)

③The traffic jam(交通堵塞)prevented him (from) arriving at the airport on time.

80、“be+of+名词”的用法详解

1)“be+of+名词”结构的具体用法

①“be+of+名词”结构相当于其中名词所对应的形容词的意思,该结构常用的名词有
use/importance/value/interest/benefit等。

I don’t want to hear what you are saying.It is of no interest to me.我不想听你说,我对此不感兴趣。(be of no interest=be not interesting)

Doing morning exercise will be of benefit to your health.做早操对你的健康有利。 (be of benefit=be beneficial)

Coal is of great importance to the development of industry.煤对工业发展是相当重要的。(be of great importance=be very important)

②“be+of+名词”结构中的名词表种类、数量、度量等时,表示不同的人或物的共同特征,此时名词前通常带有冠词。常用的名词有size/age/type/price/depth等。

We are of the same age.我们同岁。

The twin sisters are of a size and the skirt fits each of them exactly.双胞胎姐妹的身材一样,这件裙子两个人穿都非常合适。

Machines are of different types and sizes.机器有不同的型号和规格。

③“be+of+名词”结构可以表示主语的根源关系,此时的名词多是表示亲属、血统、种族、国籍及出处的名词。常用的名词有family/blood/race/origin等。

We are of the same blood.我们是同一家族。 They are of noble race.他们出身名门。

2)“(be)+of+名词”结构的句法功能

①作表语。

Don’t throw anything that may be of use.不要把任何有用的东西扔掉。(=Don’t throw anything that may be useful.)

Flowers are of many colors.花的颜色很多。

French wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world.法国葡萄酒质量很高,销往世界各地。

②作定语

Your sister is a girl of wisdom.你妹妹是一位有智慧的女孩。(=Your sister is a wise girl.)

We don’t think there is anything of interest in your pictures.我们认为你的画并没有什么有趣的地方。(=We don’t think there is anything interesting in your pictures.)

③宾语补足语

He found himself of absolutely contradictory points of view.她发现自己处于完全矛盾的观点之中。

81、(for+)时间段/距离:for多用于某些表示时间段的短语前或last, stay, wait, live及表示“位移”意义的动词后。“for + 时间段”只表示“一段时间”,可以对应各种不同的时态

The meeting lasted (for) three hours.会议持续了3个小时。(一般过去时)

I studied in English for a year.我在英国读过一年书。(一般过去时)

I had studied in England for a year before I went to US.在我去美国之前,我在英国读过一年书。(过去完成时)

I have studied in England for a year.我已经在英国读一年书了。(现在完成时)

I will study in England for a year.我将要去英国读一年书。(一般将来时)

82、or的用法

①or通常用于否定句表示“和,与”之意。

There is no air or water in the moon.月亮上没有空气和水。

② or用在选择疑问句中,意为“或者,还是”。

Is he a doctor or a teacher? 他是医生还是教师?

Did you do your homework or watch TV last night?你昨晚做作业还是看电视了?

Are they singing or reading English? 他们是在唱歌还是在读英语?

③or在句型“祈使句+or+陈述句”中,表示在以祈使句为条件下的相反假设,or意为“否则,要不然”

Work hard,or you will fall behind.你要努力学习,否则会落后。

I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam. 我要努力学习,否则考试要不及格了。

④either…or 意思为'或者……或者……'。注意谓语动词的主谓一致采用就近原则。

Either you or I am right. 不是你对,就是我对。

⑤ or在“either…or…”结构中,意为“要么……要么……”。连结的并列成份可在句中作主语、表语、谓语、宾语等。

Either she or I am right.不是她对就是我对。(连接主语)

The shoes in the shop were either too big or too small for me. 店里的鞋对我来说不是太大就是太小(连接表语)

He either does his homework or watches TV on Sundays.他星期天要么做作业,要么看电视。(连接谓语)

We play either football or basketball in the afternoon.下午我们不是踢足球就是打篮球。(连接宾语)

⑥or表示不确切、模糊的陈述。

This story happened five or six years ago. 这个故事发生在四、五年前。

Is the street straight? More or less. 这棵树直吗?差不多。

She will find that she was wrong sooner or later.她迟早会发现她是错的

83、Althoug/even though/though,这些词都有 “虽然、尽管” 的意思,它们后面都不能加 but,但可以加still。

although/even though/though 的区别只在于位置:although 放在开头,but 放在中间,though 后面。

although 可以用于过去、现在,也可以用于将来时。

①Although I am very tired, I am still gonna go to the party. 虽然我很累,我还是要去参加派对。

②I was very tired, but I went to the party.

我很累,但我还是去参加派对了。

③I am very tired, I am still going to go to the party, though. 我很累,但我还是要去参加派对。(though 如果放在中间,听起来就很正式甚至带有一些诗意。)

④Although it will rain, my son still needs to go to his soccer practice. 尽管会下雨,我儿子还是要去足球训练的。

84、while /waɪl/:在……期间;尽管

While I was working, my son was sleeping. 我在工作的时候,我儿子在睡觉。

While he is competent, he is not outstanding. 尽管他很能干,但他并不出色。

85、even though(尽管) 后面跟的是事实, even if (即使)后面是假设。

The football game will go on, even if it rains. 即使下雨,足球比赛也会继续进行。Even though it's raining , the game has been continued. 尽管下着雨,比赛还是继续进行。

86、not….but….意为“不是……而是….”。

Not money but teachers are what we need. 我们需要的不是钱,而是老师。

87、both….and….意为“既……又.……”;“….和….'。

He can both write songs and pose music.

他既会写歌,又会作曲。

88、either...or.…意为“不是….就是……”;“要么…要么……”。

You can talk with Mr Black either in English or in Chinese.你可以跟布莱克先生用英文或中文谈话。

89、not only...but (also).意为'不但……而且……'。

He not only read the book, but also remembered what he had read. 他不仅看过这本书,而且还记得他看过的内容。

90、neither..nor意为“….和……(两者)都不'。

She likes neither butter nor cheese.

她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢奶酪。

91、“ for+句子”意为“……. 因为…'

The leaves of the trees are falling, for it already autumn .树叶在飘落,因为秋天已经到了。

92、复合不定代词+形容词,形容词修饰复合不定代词时要后置。

something interesting有趣的事情

nothing special没什么特别的

93、名词+形容词短语,形容词短语作定语时需后置。

Australia is a country famous for its beautiful scenery. 澳大利亚是一个以风景秀丽闻名的国家。

94、名词+形容词+and/or+形容词两个意义相近或相反的形容词用and,or等连词连接作定语时,常需要后置。

People in the village, young and old, went to see the film yesterday evening这个村子里的老老少少昨天晚上都去看这场电影了。

95、名词+基数词+时间、度量类名词+形容词'基数词+ 时间、度量类名词+形容词”作定语修饰名词时要后置。

Yesterda, a Mr Brown thirty years old, came to visit you .昨天一位30岁、叫布朗的先生来拜访过你。

96、(限定词+)观点形容词+大小、形状词+新旧、长幼词+颜色形容词+产地、来源词+材料、种类词+用途词(+名词) 。

巧记:县官形令色国材类

县:限定词(the, my, a, this…)

官:表示观点的形容词,即描绘性形容词(brave, beautiful, lovely, nice… )

形:指形状、大小、高低、长短等形容词(round,square,big,large,small… )

令:年龄大小、新旧、年代等(young,old,new… )

色:颜色(red,blue,green…)

国:国籍、地区、出处(Chinese,America,Japanese… )

材:物质材料的形容词(golden,wooden,wax… )

类:表示类别、用途(medical,chemical,writing… )

a tall gray building一幢灰色的高楼

that square new red box那个新的红色方形盒

A pretty little square old black Japanese wooden writing desk.一个旧的很漂亮的黑色的日本式的方形木制小写字桌。

A beautiful short new red Chinese woollen coat.一件漂亮的中式新的短装红羊毛外套。

a beautiful new black Italian leather jacket.一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑皮夹克衫

an old large brick dining hall 一个旧的红砖砌的大餐厅

口诀法:“美小圆旧黄,中国木书房”

注:“美”代表“描述或性质类”形容词;“小”代表“大小、长短、高低、胖瘦类” 形容词;“圆”代表“形状类” 形容词;“旧”代表“新旧、年龄类” 形容词;“黄”代表“颜色类” 形容词;“中国”代表“来源、国籍、地区、出处类” 形容词;“木”代表“物质、材料、质地类” 形容词;“书”代表“用途、类别、功能、作用类” 形容词;“房”代表“中心名词”。

A beautiful small round old yellow Chinese wooden study.一间古老的很漂亮的黄色的中国式圆形的木制的小书房。

A pretty little square old black Japanese wooden writing desk一个旧的很漂亮的黑色的日本式的方形木制小写字桌

97、…as+形容词原级+as意为'….和……一样………”。

This table is as clean as that one.这张桌子和那张一样干净。

98、….not as/so+形容词原级+as.(意为“……不像…… 一样……'。)

She is not as/so happy as she pretends.她并不像她假装得那么高兴。

99、as+形容词原级+不可数名词或复数可数名词+as. (意为“……和……一样……'。)

I have as many books as Tom.我和汤姆的书一样多。

There are not as many books as there were. 现在书没有过去多了。

100、as+形容词原级+a/an+可数名词单数+as.…(….和………一样.…)

Most doctors think that medicine is as much an art as it is a science. 多数医生认为医学既是一门科学又是一门艺术。

He is as kind a person as his father.他和他爸爸一样都是善良的人。

I have as good a voice as you. 我的声音和你一样好。

101、had better do sth.最好做某事

You had better get it down.你最好把它取下来。

You had better practice speaking English face to face.你们最好面对面地练习讲英语。

102、as…as possible =as…as one can (“尽量”“尽可能”“拼命地”)

I want it (to be) done as quickly as possible. 我希望这件事尽快做好。

Explain it as simply as you can. 尽可能简单地解释一下。

The children streaked off down the street as fast as they could. 孩子们拼命地沿街飞跑。

103、used to do sth.过去(以前)常常……

I used to spend so much time on computer games that I lost interest in study.我以前在电脑游戏上花费了很多时间以至于我在学习上失去了兴趣。

I used to play football after school.过去我常常在放学后踢足球。

I used to call on my friends.我过去常常拜访我的朋友。

He used to go swimming in the lake instead of in an indoor swimming pool.他过去常常到湖里游泳,而不是去游泳馆游泳

104、be used to doing sth.习惯于……

He is used to living in the country now.他现在习惯了住在农村。

I am used to getting up early every morning.我习惯每天早起

105、be used to do sth.(是use'使用'的被动语态,意思是“被用来做……)

Wood can be used to make paper.木头可以用来造纸。

This knife can be used to cut things.这把刀能够被用于切东西。

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