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在"S+V+IO+DO"的句型中，其被动语态，在习惯上区分为下列三种： a. 可有两种被动语态的动词如：award, buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell He gave me a bike. 他给了我一辆自行车。 A bike was give me (by him). 一辆自行车被给我。 I was given a bike (by him). 我被给了一辆自行车。 b.通常用直接宾语作被动语态的主语的一些动词bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write… He wrote her a letter. 他写给她一封信。 A letter was written (to) her by him.（合习习惯） She was written a letter.（不合习惯） My sister made me a doll. 我姊姊给我做了个洋娃娃。 A doll was made (for) me by my sister.（合习惯） I was made a doll by my sister.（不合习惯） c.通常用间接宾语做被动态的主语的一些动词 answer, deny, envy, refuse, save, spare… He answered me the question. 他回答我问题。 I was answered the question by him.（合习惯） The question was answered me by him.（不合习惯） The authorities refused James a passport. 当局拒发给杰姆斯护照。 James was refused a passport by the authorities.（合习惯） A passport was refused James by the authorities.（不合习惯） 必背！ 常使用双宾语的动词tell, show, buy, ask, pass, write, do, make, sell, send, sing, give, answer, teach, offer, pay, promise, allow, award… 含有宾语补足语的句子（SVOC）的被动语态 主动句：S+V+O+C（宾语补足语） 被动句：S+ be +过去分词+C+ by +O（原主语之宾格形式） 有宾语补足语的主动语态改为被动语态时，补足语放在过去分词之后，其位置虽然维持不变，但语法功 能变了--此时的补足语不再是宾语补足语，而变成了主语补足语。 We call him Great Man. 主 谓 宾 宾补 我们叫他"伟人"。 He is called Great Man (by us). 他被我们称为"伟人"。 They will make the city more beautiful. 主 谓 宾 宾补 他们将会让城市更美丽。 The city will be made more beautiful (by them). 主 谓 主补 城市将会被弄得更美丽。 We saw the flags raising. 主 谓 宾 宾补 我们看见旗子升上去。 The flags was seen raising. 主 谓 主补 旗子被看见升上去。 He saw a thief steal something from the room. 主谓宾宾补 我们看见一个小偷从屋子里偷了东西。 A thief was seen to steal something from the room. 主 谓 主补 一个小偷被看见从屋子里偷了东西。 注意 所有带不定式宾语补足语的动词，在变为被动语态时，不定式前都有to,特别是感官动词(see, watch, look at, observe, listen to, hear, feel)和使役动词(make, have)在主动语态的句子中，宾语补足 语前省略了to，在变为被动语态时，主语补语前一律加to。（含有let的句子在变为被动语态时，to可 以略）。 as, which 非限定性定语从句 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 典型例题 1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. which D. he 答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。 2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。 3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.. A. that B. which C. as D. it 答案B. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点： (1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。 来源“：http://www./yingyu/siliu/cihui/2010/0803/136581.html |
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