被动语态

1. 被动语态的构成: “助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”（注意:不及物动词没有被动语态）.其中的助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化.其变化形式如下:

 （1）.一般现在时的被动语态: 

主语＋is / am / are （not）＋动词的过去分词

  Football is played all over the world.

  I am asked to do the work.

（2）.一般过去时的被动语态:

主语＋was / were（not）＋动词的过去分词

The bridge was built by the workers last year. The work was finished an hour ago.

（3）.含情态动词的被动语态:

 主语＋can /must (情态动词)（not）＋be＋过去分词     

The trees should be planted before Tuesday.       Your homework must be done on time.

（4）. 一般将来时的被动语态:

主语＋will / shall （not）＋be＋动词的过去分词

Trees will be planted on the hill next year.  We shall be sent to work abroad next year.

（5）.现在完成时的被动语态:

 主语＋have / has been ＋动词的过去分词

  The work has been done already.

  Trees have been planted on the hill already.

（6）现在进行时的被动语态:

 主语＋is / am / are +being＋动词的过去分词

The bridge is being built now. 

Trees are being planted on the hill now.

2. 被动语态的用法:（1）当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁,或者动作的执行者是谁并不重要时,需用被动语态.如:

Rice is grown in South China.

Silk is produced in Suzhou.

（2）当我们需要强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态.

 English is spoken in America.

 Football is played all over the world.

 

3. 主动语态变为被动语态的方法:

（1）主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语;

（2）主动语态的谓语动词变为: be＋过去分词,其中的be有人称、数和时态的变化.

（3）主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动语态谓语动词之后,在动作执行者无须说明或不必强调时,by短语可省略. 如:

① Many people speak English.

   English is spoken by many people.

② We must speak to the old people politely.

The old people must be spoken to politely by us.

③ He cleaned the room yesterday.

The room was cleaned by him yesterday.

4. 用法注意:（1）主动语态变被动语态,在时态上要保持一致;同时,变化后的被动语态的主谓语要一致.

（2）在主动语态中,make , let , hear , see , watch , notice 等词,其后跟省略to的动词不定式(动词原形),在变为被动语态时,必须还原动词不定式符号to.如:

We heard him sing this song in the room.       He was heard to sing this song in the room.

The boss made him work 14 hours a day.         He was made to work 14 hours a day by the boss.

I see him walk to school    

He is seen to walk to school.

（3）带双宾语的动词give, send , teach , lend , show ,pass ,tell等,在变成被动语态时,可以有两种情况.如果用直接宾语(物)作为被动语态的主语,这时,间接宾语前要加介词to;如果用间接宾语（人）做主语,则不加to. 如:           

My friend gave me a pen yesterday       

I was given a pen by my friend yesterday.

A pen was given to me by my friend yesterday

 

He often tells the children some stories.                               

The children are often told some stories by him.

Some stories are often told to the children by him.

（4）但能带双宾语的词buy , make , draw , sing , choose , cook 等,如果用直接宾语作为被动语态的主语,这时,间接宾语前要加介词for;如果用间接宾语做主语,则不加for.如:

She bought me a pen yesterday.    

I was bought a pen yesterday.

A pen was bought for me yesterday.

Her mother made her a dress.                        

She was made a dress by her mother.

A dress was made for her by her mother.

（5）不及物动词带介词和介词宾语,在变为被动语态时,仍然要带上介词,如:

The students should listen to the teacher carefully 

The teacher should be listened to carefully.

The nurse takes care of the babies. 

The babies are taken care of by the nurse.

We should speak to the old people politely      The old people should be spoken to politely.

（6）有些动词如: sell ,smell, taste, sound, feel, grow等,如果主语是物,不用被动语态, 则强调的是主语的特征。

The flowers smell good.这些花闻起来好闻。

The books sell well.这些书很畅销 

Rice grows in the south.水稻生长在南方.

（7）主动句不能变被动句的情况: ①有些动词形式上是及物动词,但它不表示动作,因此它没有被动语态,如: have（有）, fit（适合于）, cost（花费）等动词.

I have a book.

This coat fits me well. 

The coat cost her 200 yuan.

②当主动句的谓语动词的宾语是反身代词时,不能变为被动句.

The boy can dress himself

③当主动句的谓语动词宾语为相互代词时,不能变为被动句.We should help each other.

1. An apple ____ (give) to me just now.

2.The room_____ (clean）by the students every day.

3.Books should _____ (not  take）out of the    reading room.

4.Can the work_____（finish） in two hours?

5. ____this song____（sing）by the boy yesterday?

6.He _____ (see) _____（dance）in the room yesterday.

7.Three letters_______ (write）already.

 改错:

1.This story was happened on a summer evening.

2. He is often made stand in class.

3.A bike was bought him by his father.

5. These children are taken good care.

6. I have a lot of work to be done.

7. This problem is too difficult for me to be  worked out.

8. This dress was cost her 100 yuan.