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第六单元知识点

 shark1281 2011-09-21

考点扫描:

一)习惯用语:
look the same=look like 看起来像

in some ways在某些方面

as you can see 正如你能看到的

look different 看起来不同

in common 共同的

as +<形容词/副词原级> +as …一样

not as/so…as… …不如… 

more than=over 多于,超过 

be good at=do well in sth./doing sth.爱好于… 

make sb. +do 使某人… 

have good grades  成绩优良 

be good with sb. 善于与某人相处 

call…at +电话号码   

stop doing sth. 停止做某事 

stop to do sth. 停下来做某事 

begin with..开始

most of……中的大多数 

primary school 小学

both…and… 两者都 

laugh at…嘲笑… 

my twin sister  我的双胞胎姐姐

be outgoing 爱抛头露面

short hair 短发

more athletic 更健美 

the same as  ……一样 

lots of 许多

3 centimeters taller 高了三厘米

 

二)重点句型:
1
I'm more outgoing than my sister.我比我妹妹更爱出风头。

2He has shorter hair than Sam.他的头发比山姆的短。

3Tom is more athletic than Sam.汤姆比山姆更健美。

4Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister.

刘莹不如她姐姐擅长体育。

5Both girls go to lots of parties.两个女孩都参加了许多晚会。

6In some ways we look the sameand in some ways we look different.在某些方面,我们看起来一样,在某些方面,我们看起来不同。

7My good friend is good at schoolwork.我的好朋友爱好干学校事务。

8I think a good friend makes me laugh.我认为好朋友会使我发笑。

9I'm about 3 centimeters taller now.我现在(比以前)高了3厘米。

 

三)交际用语:
Is that Sam? No,that's Tom.
He has shorter hair than Sam.
He's calmer than Sam.

1.欲与天公试比

tallhigh都有高的意思,先加以比较:

1)说人,动物,树木等有生命的东西,主要用tall,不用hightall常用来表示同类之中的高者,它用于指由底到顶的高度,尤其是当高度大于宽度或直径的时候。例如a tall mana tall tree等。

2)说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时,要用high,而不用tall,比如人站在树上时,飞机飞上天时。例如:
        He is high up in the tree.
他高高地爬在树上。
        The plane is so high in the sky.
飞机在空中这么高。

3)指建筑物、山时要tallhigh都可以,不过high的程度比tall高。

4high常用于抽象意义或比喻意义。如:high price, high speed, high  position等。

4high可作副词,tall不能。
5tall的反义词为short, high的反义词为low.

 

 

2.“聪明宝宝大比拼:

smartcleverbrightwise四者都是聪明的意思,
但各自的含义与用法不同:

clever指人或动物的脑子灵活,指做成的事物时,常含有巧妙的意思;

smartclever同义,但更强调顽皮的一面;

bright通常指年轻人或小孩的聪明,常用于口语;

wise指由于知识、经验丰富及良好的判断能力而正确对待或处理人或事,常用于正式、客气的场合。

例如:

He is a clever boy.他是个聪明的孩子。

That is a clever plan.那是个巧妙的计划。

You can't cheat him because he is a smart boy

你骗不了他,因为他是个聪明伶俐的孩子。

The bright boy is reading English in the bright room

这个聪明伶俐的孩子在明亮的房间里读英语。

a wise saying  至理名言   a wise leader  英明的领袖

 

 

3.笑声有多脆?

laughsmile都是的意思,都可做动词,又可作名词,
但它们的含义不同:
laugh
一般是有声的笑,可以是大笑.常构成短语laugh at,有嘲笑的意思;而smile一般是无声的微笑,通常是好意的微笑,表示善意的或愉悦的心情。
The joke made all laugh loudly.
这个笑话使所有人开怀大笑。
She came in with a smile on her face.
她面带微笑走了进来。
【积累】含的常用语:
He who laughs last laughs best.
笑到最后笑得最好。
belly laugh
捧腹大笑
A man may smile and smile and be villain.
笑里藏奸.
A smile sweeps all your sorrows away.
一笑解千愁
(同学们;看到这里,你也笑一笑吧,记住只可smile,不可laugh哦!)

 

 

4.究竟胜过谁?

 winbeat都作"""战胜"讲,都可用作及物动词,其区别主要在于——
宾语的不同:
充当win的宾语的是比赛、战争、奖品、金钱等名词,即racematchgame competitionwarprize之类的词;
充当beat的宾语的则是比赛、竞争的对手,即指人或球队的名词或代词。
例如: 
He won first prize in the surfing competition
.他在冲浪比赛中获得第一。We beat the strongest team in the football match this time
    
在这次足球赛中我们战胜了最强的那个队
【积累】:beat a dead horse 鞭打死马令其奔驰——徒劳

A dog will not howl if you beat him with a bone. 肉骨头打狗狗不叫。

 

 

5.使唤他人妥(to)不妥(to)?

make 是使役动词, 后面跟复合宾语的时候,宾语补足语用不带to的不定式,“make sb.do sth.”“”make sb.+adj”。常见的使役动词有:have,keep,let等。例如:

 

 

  The music made us all want to dance.音乐让我们所有人都想跳舞。

 

 

  What he said made the teacher angry. 他说的话让老师生气。

make 用于被动语态,表示被迫做某事的时候,需要把to 加上,即“be made to do”.

He was made to change his mind. 他被迫改变了主意。

 

 

试比较:①have sb do sth  意思是让某人做某事

 

 

②have sth done  意思是使某件事被(别人)做

 

 

    We had the machine mended just now.我们刚才请人把机器修好了。

③have sb doing sth  意思是使某人(一直)做某事

 

 

The two cheats had their lights burning all night long

 

 

     两个骗子让灯整夜地亮着。

 

 

Although the farm is largemy dad has only two men working for him

 

 

    虽然农场大,但我爸爸只雇了两人为他(一直)干活。

(是啊!我们现在知道了:使唤别人不妥,被使唤未尝不妥!)

 

6.拾遗补缺插入语

    课本有句:So who do you think should get the job,Ruth or Rose?
那么你认为谁应该得到这份工作,露丝还是罗斯?

    句中的do you think用于特殊疑问句中做插入语,who作主语,其后使用陈述语序。类似的插入语还有:do you believe(你相信), do you say(你说), do you guess(你猜),do you suppose(你推断)等。
How long did you say she would stay here?
你说她会呆多久?

When do you suppose they’ll be back?你推断他们什么时候会回?

How old did you think she was?你认为她多大?
    
一般来说,插入语在句中不起主要作用。如果把插入语抽去,句子的含义不大受影响。但是,有的插入语却是句子不可缺少的一部分。例如:
 He got the news from (nobody knows) where.
 
他这消息谁也不知道是从哪儿得来的。(可见:插入语也是可以拾遗补缺的哦!)

7.范围有多大?
在英语最高级句型中,我们时常会用到表示比较范围的短语,而in, of, among是构成这些短语的常用介词。但是,这三个词在最高级中的用法却有所不同。  1 in表示环境范围,通常用于在一定范围内的比较,后面常常接表示区域、时间、单位、团体等的名词或代词,并且后面的名词和主语不是同一概念的范畴。例句:
  (1) The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.
       
长江是中国最长的河。
  (2) London is the biggest city in Britain. 伦敦是英国最大的城市。
 
  (3) She sings the best in Class Two. 二班她唱歌最好。
  (4) The child was very young, but he wasn't the youngest in the family.
       
这孩子很小,但他在家里不是最小的。
2
of用来表示对象范围,一般用于同类事物之间的比较,且of后面的名词与主语是同一概念范畴。
  (1)"the+基数词(+名词复数)"结构,指的是具体数目中,表示"……个之中最"。例句:
  Peter is the oldest boy of the three boys.
      
在这三个男孩中,彼得是年纪最大的。
  This is the smallest of the three.这是三者之中最小的。
  This is the shortest of the four roads. 这是四条路中最近的一条路。

  (2)"of all, of all+(the)+名词复数,of all+one's+名词复数"结构表示"其中之最"。例句:
   Of all choices, this is the best.在各种办法之中,这种最好。
  He's the most intelligent of all the students.
       
在所有学生中,他是最聪明的。
  Of all my hobbies, swimming is my favourite.
       
在我的业余爱好中,我最喜欢游泳。
   They all spoke English badly, but Jack spoke the worst of them.
       
他们所有人英语说得都不好,但杰克是他们之中说得最差的一个。  of, among用于在多数同类事物中(通常为三者以上)进行比较,表示"其中之最",后面一般接名词或代词。同of一样,也表示对象范围,因此amongof有时可互换使用。例句:
  (1) Li Ming is the most handsome among(of) the boys.
         
李明是男孩中最英俊的。
  (2) This book is the best among the modern novels.
         
这本书是现代小说中最好的。
  (3)The picture is the most beautiful among these.
         
在这些图画中,这一张是最漂亮的。
  此外,among后面还可以接形容词的最高级,表示"其中之一"的含义。例句:       (1) London is among the largest cities in the world.
   
伦敦是世界上最大的城市之一。
(2) Hangzhou is among the most beautiful cities in China.
   
杭州是中国最美丽的城市之一。

 

8.风云义厅:
本单元重点句子释义集锦:


1. Here are photos of me and my twin sister Liu Ying.
   
这儿是我和我的孪生妹妹刘英的一些照片。

photos of me 表示照片上的人是photos of mine 表示照片的拥有者是

my twin sister 中的twin是名词作定语,用单数形式。例如:

Tom is my twin brothers.

 

2. As you can see, in some ways we look the same.
正如你看到的那样,我们在一些方面长得一样。

as 表示就像……一样as you can see 表示正如你看到的那样as you know(正如你所知道的);as you think(正如你所想的)

look the same(长得一样),反义词组为 look different(长得不一样),而look like…则表示某人长得像某人


3. Although my hair is shorter than hers.
虽然我的头发比她的短些。

although 相当于though,用来引导让步状语从句,意思是虽然,尽管

although 较正式,语气强,though最常用,二者引导的从句不能与buthowever连用,但可以与yet, still连用。

Though/Although he was tired, he went on working.

= He was tired, but he went on working.

Though /Although he was ill, he still came on time.

= Even though he was ill, he still came on time.

 

4. However, we both enjoy going to parties.
但是,我们两人都喜欢去参加聚会。

however是一个表转折的副词,意思是然而,可是,不过
它还有无论如何,不管怎样的意思。

e.g.: She always goes swimming, however cold it is.

enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事enjoy oneself = have a good time

He        (喜欢)       (画画)last year. But now he doesn’t.enjoyed,drawing

—Did you enjoy        (you) at the party, Lucy?—Yes, I did. (yourself)

 

6. Liu Li has more than one sister.刘丽不止一个妹妹。

more than=over)的意思是超过,比……,反义词是less than“不足,少于

e.g.: We have more than 150 teachers in our school.


7. Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister.

这个句子是as…as…的否定句型,即not so/as…as…,意思是不如……;不及……”……不一样

He is as tall as me.他和我一样高。

He is not as tall as me. 他没有我高。

= He is shorter than me./= I’m taller than him.

 

8. I think a good friend makes me laugh.我认为一个好朋友能让我欢笑。

1)这是一个主从复合句,I think是主句,后面跟的是宾语从句,用陈述句语序。

I think you are right.(主、从句之间省略了引导词that

I don’t think you are right.(否定句)

2make在本句中是使役动词,意思是使某人做……;让某人……”,其后跟动词原形或形容词。

Who made you so happy?  Don’t make the baby cry.

I made them not come so early.
(make sb. not do sth. )
(使某人不做某事。)

 

9. Some friends have opposite views and interests.
一些朋友有相反的观点和不同的兴趣。

1opposite在这里用作形容词,意思是相反的,对立的,无比较级。

She sits opposite to me.(此处用作副词……对面

2interest在本句中用作可数名词,意思是爱好引起兴趣的地方

My best friend has lots of interests.

它还可以用作不可数名词,意为兴趣

I have interest in English. = I’m interested in English.


10. We asked some people what they think and this is what they said.
   
我们问一些人他们想些什么,这就是他们所说的。

本句中的what they think是宾语从句,作ask的宾语。What they said是一个表语从句,和前面的is构成系表结构。句中的whatthinksaid的宾语。

1I don’t know                    (你说的话)。(what you said
2This is                      (她所听到的)。(what she heard)

 

11. I like to have friends who are like me.
我喜欢交一些与我有共同点的人做朋友。

从句who are like me在句中作定语,修饰限定friends,称为定语从句。

Who是引导词,用于引导定语从句,friends叫先行词。

I need a man who can do the work. 
I like the people who are outgoing.

 

12. I like to have friends who are different from me.
我喜欢交那些跟我不一样的朋友.

此句和上句一样,是含有定语从句的主从复合句。Who are different from me意思是与我不同,同义句为who are not like mewho are not the same as me. be different from…“……不同

The weather in America is different from in China.×

The weather in America is different from that in China.

My view is different from        (you). yours             
 = My view isn’t                            .
the same as yours

 

13. I’m quieter than most of the kids in my class.
我比班上大多数孩子文静。

此句中的most of意思是“……中的大多数,后面跟名词或代词宾格的复数形式。

Most of us/them/you like sports.

Most of the books are useful.= Most books are useful.

【小练习】句型转换。

1. I’m shorter than he is. (改为一般疑问句)

________ _________ shorter than ________ ___________ ?

2. Tina is Twelve. Mary is twelve, too. (合成一个句子)

_______ Tina ________ Mary __________  twelve.

3. Tom is popular. Jim is more popular. (合成一个句子)

_________ is _________ popular than ___________ is.

4. They both enjoy going to the movies. (改为同义句)

_______ __________  ________ enjoy going to the movies.

5. Little Tina likes playing chess. (改为同义句)

Little Tina __________ ____________ ________ playing chess.

 

Keys:1. Are you; he is;2. Both; and; are;3. Jim; more; Tom;

4. Both of them;5. is interested in)

 

语法聚焦:


形容词的比较级和最高级

一、比较级的定义:

大多数的形容词都有三个级别:原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示……”,用于两者之间的比较,用来说明前者比后者更……”,比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰,其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。

二、比较级的构成:

1)规则变化:

单音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加-er

  Eg: calm---calmer    tall---taller   smart---smarter

以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加-r

  Eg: nice---nicer    fine---finer   large---larger

辅音+y 结尾的词,变y i,再加-er”

  Eg: early---earlier   happy---happier   busy---busier

以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词,双写辅音字母,再加-er

  Eg: big---bigger   thin---thinner   hot---hotter

多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more

  Eg: popular---more popular   important---more important

2)不规则变化:

少数形容词的比较级变化是不规则的:
good---better   bad/ill---worse   many/much---more

little---less   far---farther/further   old---older/elder

三、比较级的用法:

()当两个人或事物(AB)进行比较时,我们需要用到形容词(副词)的原级或者比较级

1 表达“AB一样,用as…as的结构。

公式: A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as…+B    A+实义动词+as+副词原级+as…+B

   I am as tall as you.我和你一样高。    
He runs as fast as I.
他跑得和我一样快。

2.表达“A不如B”not as/so…as的结构。

公式:  A+be动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as…+B

      A+助词的否定形式+动词+as+形容词原级+as…+B

  I am not as tall as you.我没有你高。   
He doesn’t run as fast as I.
他没有我跑得快。

2 表达“A大于B”比较级+than”的结构。

公式:  A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B…
 A+
实义动词+副词比较级+than+B…

   I am taller than you.我比你高。   

 He runs faster than I. 他跑得比我快。

 

()关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法

1.比较级前面可以加上表示优劣程度的词或短语,意思是…”“……”。常见词有much, a little, even, a lot, a great deal等。

He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。

  I jump a little higher than he.我跳得比他高一点点。

2.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体大多少小多少长多少短多少等。

I am two years older than he.我比他大两岁。

This building is 20 meters higher than that one.

3比较级+and+比较级表示越来越……”   

It is getting warmer and warmer.天气越来越暖和。

He is running faster and faster.他跑得越来越快。

0ur country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们祖国越来越美了。

4“the more… the more…”表示……,就越……”

The morethe better.多多益善。

The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.
你越细心,犯错就越少。

5“the more…of the two…”表示两个当中较……的一个

  The taller of the two boys is my brother.

 

四、当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时,我们需要用到形容词(副词)的最高级

1.表达“…中最”,“the+形容词(副词)的最高级的结构。后面可以加上表示范围的介词短语或从句。

公式:主语+be动词+the +形容词最高级+(名词)+表示范围的介词短语或从句

主语+实义动词+the +形容词最高级+表示范围的介词短语或从句

He is the tallest (student) in our class.   

He jumps the highest of the three boys.

   This is the best book that I have ever read.

2.表示中一个,用“one of +the +最高级+复数名词的结构来表达。

He is one of the best students in our class.他是我们班最好的学生之一。

This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.
这是花园里最漂亮的花之。

注意:() 形容词的最高级前面有定冠词the , 而副词的最高级前面定冠词the可以省略。但在形容词最高级前有物主代词时,不能要定冠词the.

(二)常见的用来表示范围的介词有in, of, among

 

五、运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题:

()、按语法规则,than后面的人称代词应当用主格,但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。 

He is more careful than I (me).

()、只有同类的事物才能比较  

    Her bag is bigger than mine. 

不能说 Her bag is bigger than I.

The weather of Kunming is much better than that of Shenyang.

不能说The weather of Kunming is much better than Shenyang.

 

【语法专项练习题】

1That boy looks as _________  as a boxer.

A. strong    B. stronger    C. strongest    D. more strong

2The Summer Palace is________   than Zhong Shan park.

A. biger    B. more big    C. the biggest    D. bigger

3Which do you like__________ , apples or oranges?

A. good    B. better   C. best    D. well

4--Oh, the food is bad.

   --I think so .And the service(服务) is __________.

Athe worst     B.  worse   C.  badder     D.  the worse

5--You are the same coat as I.

   --Yes, Mine is __________  , but not so __________ as yours.

A. better, expensive             B. better, more expensive   

C. much better, more expensive    D. good, more expensive

6The experts think that India’s population may be_____than China’s __________ 2020.

A. much, by     B. more, in    C. larger, by    D. larger, on

7This year our school is __________     than it was last year.

A. much beautiful    B. the most beautiful   
C. beautifuler       D. much more beautiful

8__________   you work, __________ knowledge you will get.

A. The harder, more    B. The harder, the more  
C. Harder, the more    D. Harder, more

9He has__________ friends than I.

A. much more    B. many more    C. very more    D. too more

10She draws better than__________      .

A. us all    B. we all    C. all us    D. all we

11Shanghai is larger than__________ city in China.

    A. any   B. any other   C. the others   D. any else

12I’m not sure whether Mary can sing __________ Ann.

A. as well as   B. as good as   C. as better as    D. so good as

13I have fewer apples than __________     .

A. he   B. his   C. hers    D. mine

14The news is __________     surprising.

A. much   B. very   C. more    D. very much

15The population of China is larger than __________     .

A. America   B. the one of Americas  

C. that of America   D. Americans

16Which is ____________clothing store in your town?

     A. the best      B. the better        C. the most good   D. best

17My sister is ____________person I know.

    A. the funniest    B. the funnier   C . the most fun  D. funniest

18Is Mr Du __________ teacher in your school?

A. the most busy    B. the busier  

C. the most busiest   D. the busiest

19He is ________more beuutiful than I.

A. too           B. enough        C. much        D. very

20The box is ______heavy .I can’t move it.

A. much          B. more         C. enough      D. too

21The book is the__________one in the bookshop

     Athe most cheap        Bthe expensive

     Cthe most expensive    Dthe less expensiver

22I have _______ apples and ______milk than you.

A. many, little   B. more, less   C. more, least  D. many, less

23You should study English hard, because it’s getting_________ in our country .

A. more and more important      B. more important and more important

C. importanter and importanter    D. important and important

24Her brother is __________than she.

    A. 7 year older   B. 7 year  old    C. 7 years old  D. 7 years older

25The Famous People Talent Show was one of ____________that I have ever seen.

A. the most fantastic show           B. most fantastic shows  

C. the more fantastic shows          D. the most fantastic shows

 

(Keys: 1—5ADBBA  6—10CDBAA  11—15BAABC 16—20AADCD 21—25CBADD )

典例剖析:

1.Do you enjoy _________ English in our class,Mr Green?
    A.teach     B.taught     C.to teach    D.teaching 
(北京中考题)
【剖析】本题看出enjoy的用法。enjoy后接动词作宾语只能用动词-ing形式,不能用不定式,故答案选D.(类似的动词有:finish,practice,keep等。)

 

2.Lucy is _______ one of the twins.
    A.the tallest  B.taller  C.the taller  D.tall
【剖析】本题看出形容词比较级和最高级的用法。双胞胎是两个人,比较时只能用比较级;the taller one是特指两人中较高的那一人,故本题答案应该选C.

3.This pair of shoes are not mine.Mine are black.(改错)
       
     A              B                C    D
【剖析】本题看出pair的用法。shoes,pants,trousers(长裤)gloves(手套)等等一类词直接做句子的主语时,谓语动词要用复数,但被pair修饰时,则依据pair的单复数决定谓语动词的形式。本句主语应是This pair of shoes,所以谓语动词要用单数。故本题答案选B,并将其改为is.

 

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