考点扫描: 一)习惯用语: in some ways在某些方面 as you can see 正如你能看到的 look different 看起来不同 in common 共同的 as +<形容词/副词原级> +as …与…一样 not as/so…as… …不如… more than=over 多于,超过 be good at=do well in sth./doing sth.爱好于… make sb. +do 使某人… have good grades 成绩优良 be good with sb. 善于与某人相处 call…at +电话号码 拨…找… stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来做某事 begin with..以…开始 most of……中的大多数 primary school 小学 both…and… 两者都 laugh at…嘲笑… my twin sister 我的双胞胎姐姐 be outgoing 爱抛头露面 short hair 短发 more athletic 更健美 the same as 同……一样 lots of 许多 3 centimeters taller 高了三厘米 二)重点句型: 2.He has shorter hair than Sam.他的头发比山姆的短。 3.Tom is more athletic than Sam.汤姆比山姆更健美。 4.Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister. 刘莹不如她姐姐擅长体育。 5.Both girls go to lots of parties.两个女孩都参加了许多晚会。 6.In some ways we look the same,and in some ways we look different.在某些方面,我们看起来一样,在某些方面,我们看起来不同。 7.My good friend is good at schoolwork.我的好朋友爱好干学校事务。 8.I think a good friend makes me laugh.我认为好朋友会使我发笑。 9.I'm about 3 centimeters taller now.我现在(比以前)高了3厘米。 三)交际用语: 1.欲与天公试比“高”: tall与high都有“高的”意思,先加以比较: (1)说人,动物,树木等有生命的东西,主要用tall,不用high;tall常用来表示同类之中的高者,它用于指由底到顶的高度,尤其是当高度大于宽度或直径的时候。例如a tall man,a tall tree等。 (2)说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时,要用high,而不用tall,比如人站在树上时,飞机飞上天时。例如: (3)指建筑物、山时要tall或high都可以,不过high的程度比tall高。 (4)high常用于抽象意义或比喻意义。如:high price, high speed, high position等。 (4)high可作副词,tall不能。 2.“聪明”宝宝大比拼: smart,clever,bright与wise四者都是“聪明”的意思, ①clever指人或动物的脑子灵活,指做成的事物时,常含有巧妙的意思; ②smart与clever同义,但更强调顽皮的一面; ③bright通常指年轻人或小孩的聪明,常用于口语; ④wise指由于知识、经验丰富及良好的判断能力而正确对待或处理人或事,常用于正式、客气的场合。 例如: He is a clever boy.他是个聪明的孩子。 That is a clever plan.那是个巧妙的计划。 You can't cheat him because he is a smart boy. 你骗不了他,因为他是个聪明伶俐的孩子。 The bright boy is reading English in the bright room. 这个聪明伶俐的孩子在明亮的房间里读英语。 a wise saying 至理名言 a wise leader 英明的领袖 3.笑声有多脆? laugh和smile都是“笑”的意思,都可做动词,又可作名词, 4.究竟胜过谁? win和beat都作"赢"、"战胜"讲,都可用作及物动词,其区别主要在于—— A dog will not howl if you beat him with a bone. 肉骨头打狗狗不叫。 5.使唤他人妥(to)不妥(to)? make 是使役动词, 后面跟复合宾语的时候,宾语补足语用不带to的不定式,“make sb.do sth.”或“”make sb.+adj”。常见的使役动词有:have,keep,let等。例如: The music made us all want to dance.音乐让我们所有人都想跳舞。 What he said made the teacher angry. 他说的话让老师生气。 但make 用于被动语态,表示“被迫做某事”的时候,需要把to 加上,即“be made to do”. He was made to change his mind. 他被迫改变了主意。 试比较:①have sb do sth 意思是“让某人做某事” ②have sth done 意思是“使某件事被(别人)做” We had the machine mended just now.我们刚才请人把机器修好了。 ③have sb doing sth 意思是“使某人(一直)做某事” The two cheats had their lights burning all night long. 两个骗子让灯整夜地亮着。 Although the farm is large,my dad has only two men working for him. 虽然农场大,但我爸爸只雇了两人为他(一直)干活。 (是啊!我们现在知道了:使唤别人不妥,被使唤未尝“不妥” !) 6.拾遗补缺“插入语”: 课本有句:So who do you think should get the job,Ruth or Rose? 句中的do you think用于特殊疑问句中做插入语,who作主语,其后使用陈述语序。类似的插入语还有:do you believe(你相信), do you say(你说), do you guess(你猜),do you suppose(你推断)等。 When do you suppose they’ll be back?你推断他们什么时候会回? How old did you think she was?你认为她多大? 7.范围有多大? (2)"of all, of all+(the)+名词复数,of all+one's+名词复数"结构表示"其中之最"。例句: 8.风云“聚”义厅:
① photos of me 表示照片上的人是“我”;photos of mine 表示照片的拥有者是“我”; ② my twin sister 中的twin是名词作定语,用单数形式。例如: Tom is my twin brothers. 2. As you can see, in some ways we look the same. ① as 表示“就像……一样”,as you can see 表示“正如你看到的那样”,as you know(正如你所知道的);as you think(正如你所想的) ② look the same(长得一样),反义词组为 look different(长得不一样),而look like…则表示“某人长得像某人”
although 相当于though,用来引导让步状语从句,意思是“虽然,尽管”。 although 较正式,语气强,though最常用,二者引导的从句不能与but和however连用,但可以与yet, still连用。 ① Though/Although he was tired, he went on working. = He was tired, but he went on working. ② Though /Although he was ill, he still came on time. = Even though he was ill, he still came on time. 4. However, we both enjoy going to parties. however是一个表转折的副词,意思是“然而,可是,不过”。 e.g.: She always goes swimming, however cold it is. enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”;enjoy oneself = have a good time ① He (喜欢) (画画)last year. But now he doesn’t.(enjoyed,drawing) ② —Did you enjoy (you) at the party, Lucy?—Yes, I did. (yourself) 6. Liu Li has more than one sister.刘丽不止一个妹妹。 more than(=over)的意思是“超过,比……多”,反义词是less than“不足,少于” e.g.: We have more than 150 teachers in our school.
这个句子是as…as…的否定句型,即not so/as…as…,意思是“不如……;不及……”;“与……不一样”。 ① He is as tall as me.他和我一样高。 ② He is not as tall as me. 他没有我高。 = He is shorter than 8. I think a good friend makes me laugh.我认为一个好朋友能让我欢笑。 (1)这是一个主从复合句,I think是主句,后面跟的是宾语从句,用陈述句语序。 I think you are right.(主、从句之间省略了引导词that) I don’t think you are right.(否定句) (2)make在本句中是使役动词,意思是“使某人做……;让某人……”,其后跟动词原形或形容词。 Who made you so happy? Don’t make the baby cry. I made them not come so early. 9. Some friends have opposite views and interests. (1)opposite在这里用作形容词,意思是“相反的,对立的”,无比较级。 She sits opposite to me.(此处用作副词“在……对面”) (2)interest在本句中用作可数名词,意思是“爱好”,“引起兴趣的地方”。 My best friend has lots of interests. 它还可以用作不可数名词,意为“兴趣”。 I have interest in English. = I’m interested in English.
本句中的what they think是宾语从句,作ask的宾语。What they said是一个表语从句,和前面的is构成系表结构。句中的what是think和said的宾语。 (1)I don’t know (你说的话)。(what you said) 11. I like to have friends who are like me. 从句who are like me在句中作定语,修饰限定friends,称为定语从句。 Who是引导词,用于引导定语从句,friends叫先行词。 ① I need a man who can do the work. 12. I like to have friends who are different from me. 此句和上句一样,是含有定语从句的主从复合句。Who are different from me意思是“与我不同”,同义句为who are not like me或who are not the same as me. be different from…“与……不同”。 ① The weather in America is different from in China.(×) The weather in ② My view is different from (you). (yours ) 13. I’m quieter than most of the kids in my class. 此句中的most of意思是“……中的大多数”,后面跟名词或代词宾格的复数形式。 ① Most of us/them/you like sports. ② Most of the books are useful.= Most books are useful. 【小练习】句型转换。 1. I’m shorter than he is. (改为一般疑问句) ________ _________ shorter than ________ ___________ ? 2. Tina is Twelve. Mary is twelve, too. (合成一个句子) _______ Tina ________ Mary __________ twelve. 3. Tom is popular. Jim is more popular. (合成一个句子) _________ is _________ popular than ___________ is. 4. They both enjoy going to the movies. (改为同义句) _______ __________ ________ enjoy going to the movies. 5. Little Tina likes playing chess. (改为同义句) Little Tina __________ ____________ ________ playing chess. (Keys:1. Are you; he is;2. Both; and; are;3. Jim; more; Tom; 4. Both of them;5. is interested in) 语法聚焦:
一、比较级的定义: 大多数的形容词都有三个级别:原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更……”,用于两者之间的比较,用来说明“前者比后者更……”,比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰,其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。 二、比较级的构成: (1)规则变化: ①单音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加-er Eg: calm---calmer tall---taller smart---smarter ②以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加-r Eg: nice---nicer fine---finer large---larger ③以“辅音+y 结尾的词,变y为 i,再加-er” Eg: early---earlier happy---happier busy---busier ④以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词,双写辅音字母,再加-er Eg: big---bigger thin---thinner hot---hotter ⑤多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more Eg: popular---more popular important---more important (2)不规则变化: 少数形容词的比较级变化是不规则的: little---less far---farther/further old---older/elder 三、比较级的用法: (一)当两个人或事物(A和B)进行比较时,我们需要用到形容词(副词)的原级或者比较级 1. 表达“A和B一样”,用as…as的结构。 公式: A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as…+B A+实义动词+as+副词原级+as…+B I am as tall as you.我和你一样高。 2.表达“A不如B”用not as/so…as的结构。 公式: A+be动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as…+B A+助词的否定形式+动词+as+形容词原级+as…+B I am not as tall as you.我没有你高。 2. 表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构。 公式: A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B… I am taller than you.我比你高。 He runs faster than (二)关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法 1.比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语,意思是“更…”,“…得…”。常见词有much, a little, even, a lot, a great deal等。 He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。 I jump a little higher than he.我跳得比他高一点点。 2.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”,“小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等。 I am two years older than he.我比他大两岁。 This building is 20 meters higher than that one. 3.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。 It is getting warmer and warmer.天气越来越暖和。 He is running faster and faster.他跑得越来越快。 0ur country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们祖国越来越美了。 4.“the more…, the more…”表示“越……,就越……”, The more,the better.多多益善。 The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make. 5.“the more…of the two…”表示“两个当中较……的一个” The taller of the two boys is my brother. 四、当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时,我们需要用到形容词(副词)的最高级 1.表达“…是…中最…的”,用“the+形容词(副词)的最高级”的结构。后面可以加上表示范围的介词短语或从句。 公式:主语+be动词+the +形容词最高级+(名词)+表示范围的介词短语或从句 主语+实义动词+(the) +形容词最高级+表示范围的介词短语或从句 He is the tallest (student) in our class. He jumps the highest of the three boys. This is the best book that I have ever read. 2.表示“最…的…中一个”,用“one of +the +最高级+复数名词”的结构来表达。 He is one of the best students in our class.他是我们班最好的学生之一。 This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden. 注意:(一) 形容词的最高级前面有定冠词the , 而副词的最高级前面定冠词the可以省略。但在形容词最高级前有物主代词时,不能要定冠词the. (二)常见的用来表示范围的介词有in, of, among 五、运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题: (一)、按语法规则,than后面的人称代词应当用主格,但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。 He is more careful than I (me). (二)、只有同类的事物才能比较 Her bag is bigger than mine. 不能说 Her bag is bigger than I. The weather of 不能说The weather of Kunming is much better than Shenyang. 【语法专项练习题】 1、That boy looks as _________ as a boxer. A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. more strong 2、The Summer Palace is________ than Zhong Shan park. A. biger B. more big C. the biggest D. bigger 3、Which do you like__________ , apples or oranges? A. good B. better C. best D. well 4、--Oh, the food is bad. --I think so .And the service(服务) is __________. A.the worst B. worse C. badder D. the worse 5、--You are the same coat as I. --Yes, Mine is __________ , but not so __________ as yours. A. better, expensive B. better, more expensive C. much better, more expensive D. good, more expensive 6、The experts think that India’s population may be_____than China’s __________ 2020. A. much, by B. more, in C. larger, by D. larger, on 7、This year our school is __________ than it was last year. A. much beautiful B. the most beautiful 8、__________ you work, __________ knowledge you will get. A. The harder, more B. The harder, the more 9、He has__________ friends than I. A. much more B. many more C. very more D. too more 10、She draws better than__________ . A. us all B. we all C. all us D. all we 11、Shanghai is larger than__________ city in China. A. any B. any other C. the others D. any else 12、I’m not sure whether Mary can sing __________ Ann. A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as D. so good as 13、I have fewer apples than __________ . A. he B. his C. hers D. mine 14、The news is __________ surprising. A. much B. very C. more D. very much 15、The population of China is larger than __________ . A. America B. the one of C. that of 16、Which is ____________clothing store in your town? A. the best B. the better C. the most good D. best 17、My sister is ____________person I know. A. the funniest B. the funnier C . the most fun D. funniest 18、Is Mr Du __________ teacher in your school? A. the most busy B. the busier C. the most busiest D. the busiest 19、He is ________more beuutiful than I. A. too B. enough C. much D. very 20、The box is ______heavy .I can’t move it. A. much B. more C. enough D. too 21、The book is the__________one in the bookshop. A.the most cheap B.the expensive C.the most expensive D.the less expensiver 22、I have _______ apples and ______milk than you. A. many, little B. more, less C. more, least D. many, less 23、You should study English hard, because it’s getting_________ in our country . A. more and more important B. more important and more important C. importanter and importanter D. important and important 24、Her brother is __________than she. A. 7 year older B. 7 year old C. 7 years old D. 7 years older 25、The Famous People Talent Show was one of ____________that I have ever seen. A. the most fantastic show B. most fantastic shows C. the more fantastic shows D. the most fantastic shows (Keys: 1—5ADBBA 6—10CDBAA 11—15BAABC 16—20AADCD 21—25CBADD ) 典例剖析: 1.Do you enjoy _________ English in our class,Mr Green? 2.Lucy is _______ one of the twins. 3.This pair of shoes are not mine.Mine are black.(改错) |
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