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Units 7～8 A Christmas Carol & Learning a foreign language (2009·海淀期末)某英文报以Learn to Manage on Our Own 为题向中学生征文，请根据下列图片，讲述上周你们的班主任生病期间你班同学的表现，写一篇短文投稿。
注意： 1．词数不少于60。 2．短文内容必须包括图片所提供的主要信息(可适当增加内容)。 提示词：流动红旗：Weekly Model Class Learn to Manage on Our Own ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考答案] Last week, we felt sorry to hear that our head teacher was ill. Afterwards, we had a discussion and decided to manage on our own. During the following days, all of us did a good job. None of us was late for school and we did morning exercises better than ever. In class, we listened to the teacher attentively. Besides, we won the school basketball match. The day before our teacher came back, we gave the classroom a thorough cleaning to welcome her. Our monitor presented a bunch of flowers to her when she stepped onto the platform. Seeing the red flag for Weekly Model Class, she was happy and moved. We were greatly inspired too, because we succeeded in managing on our own, which proves we have grown up. Ⅰ.重点单词 1．______(vi.) 拍手；轻拍 (vt.) 拍；击；为……鼓掌 2．______(adv.) 无论如何；即使如此 3．______(n.) 良心；是非感 4．______(n.) (常用复数)水平；标 准；规格 5．______(adj.) 较年长的；等级较高的 (n.) 较年长者；前辈；等级 较高者
6．______(adj.) 年少的；等级较低的 (n.) 年少者；晚辈；等级较低者 7．______(adj.) 忧虑的；令人担心(焦虑)的 8．______(adj.) 极大的；可怕的；极讨厌的 9．______(vt.) 使停止；阻塞；刺；伸出；粘 贴 [答案] 1．clap 2.anyway 3.conscience 4.standard 5．senior 6.junior 7.anxious 8.awful 9.stick Ⅱ.词汇拓展 1．selfish→______(n.)自私 2．ambition→______(adj.)有野心的 3．motivation→______(v.)作为……的动机，激发 4．constant→______(n.)→______(adv.)始终，一直 5．occupy→______(n.)→______(adj.)职业的 6．admit→______(n.)→______(adj.)允许进入的，可采纳的 7．conscience→______(adj.)有良心的；诚实的，认真的 8．adopt→______(n.)接受，采用→______(adj.)接受的，采用的 9．patience→______(adj.)有耐性的，忍耐的 10．secure→______(n.)安全，平安→______(adj.)可得到的 11．comprehension→______(adj.)有理解力的，悟性好的→______(adj.)能理解的→______(v.)了解，领会 12．instruct→______(n.)命令；指导→______(adj.)有益的 13．correction→______(vt. & adj.)→______(反义词) [答案] 1．selfishness 2.ambitious 3.motivate 4．constancy; constantly 5.occupation; occupational 6．admission; admissible 7.conscientious 8．adoption; adoptable 9.patient 10.security; securable 11．comprehensive; comprehensible; comprehend 12．instruction; instructive 13.correct; incorrect Ⅲ.重点短语 1．make it ______ 长话短说 2．be occupied ______ 从事；专心于；忙于 3．______ late 最近；近来 4．______ follows 用以列举事项 5．have an eye ______ 有眼力；有眼光 6．close ______ (尤指暂时)关闭；使靠近 7．badly ______ 潦倒；穷困 8．in want ______ 需要 9．leave ______ 不管；随……去 10．care ______ 喜爱；照顾 11．contribute ______ 捐献，有助于 12．regardless ______ 不管，不顾 [答案] 1．short 2.with/in 3.of 4.as 5.for 6.up 7．off 8.of 9.alone 10.for 11.to 12.of Ⅳ.重点句型 1．If quite convenient, sir.先生，如果方便的话。 2．Much good may it do you！但愿圣诞赐福于你！ 3．Every time I take part in a group discussion or try to speak English to someone, I find it difficult to express myself. 每次我参加小组讨论或者试着对某人讲英语时，我发现很难表达清楚自己的意思。 4．Regardless of their theories, these language experts do agree that life is a very successful language school. 不管他们的理论如何，这些语言学家还是赞同生活是最成功的语言学校。 5．The less anxious and more relaxed the learner, the better their language acquisition. 学习者越不紧张，越能放松自己，学习语言的效果就越好。 Ⅴ.重点语法 1．Review the Adverbial(复习状语) 2．Review the Subjunctive Mood 1(复习虚拟语气1) Ⅰ.词汇聚焦 1．quit v．①停止，放弃②离开，辞(职) It’s not easy to quit smoking and drinking. 戒烟戒酒是不容易的。 [指点迷津] quit后常接动名词作宾语，不能接动词不定式作宾语。它与give up用法和意义相同。
Doctors are doing research to find out what happens physically when people ______ smoking. A. quit B. decline C. depart D. reserve 解析：句意：医生们正在研究，目的是弄清楚人停止抽烟时身体将发生什么变化。quit在这里作“停止”讲；decline“下降，减少”，depart“出发，动身，离开”；reserve“保留，储存，预订”。 答案：A
2．abundant adj.①大量的，充足的②(in)丰富的，富裕的 be abundant in/with...有丰富的……，有大量的……；abundant rainfall充沛的降雨量；an abundant land富饶的土地；abundant energies旺盛的精力 [指点迷津] 易混：音近、形近词：abandon放弃，遗弃 There are ______ supplies of firewood in the forest. A. plentiful B. abundant C. plenty of D. many 解析：abundant一般指数量充足，常用于人、动物、物产、雨量、资源等，含有“过多”之意；plentiful一般指量多，常用于食物、收获、财产、金钱等，不能用于时间、空间、语言、思想等方面；plenty of指数量充足而多于需要，强调富足或充裕的状况；many指很多，修饰可数名词。 答案：B
3．occupy vt.①占用，占领②使忙碌，使从事 an occupying army占领军；the occupied part of (a country) (一个国家)的占领区；keep sb. occupied使某人忙碌；be occupied忙，有事干；occupy oneself with/in (doing) sth.忙于(做)某事；be occupied in/with (doing) sth.忙于(做)某事，正在做某事 拓展：occupation n．工作，职业；(人)从事的活动；占领 Is anyone occupying the seat？/Is this seat occupied? 这个座位有人占吗？ This game will keep the children occupied. 这种游戏会让孩子们玩上一阵子的。 [指点迷津] occupy和take up都有“占领(某地)”；“攻占(某地)”之意；take up还有“占据(空间)”之意；make up则表示“占据某一数据中多大份额(或比例)”。 Mary is ______ a translation of a French novel. A. engaged with B. busy in C. absorbed to D. occupied with 解析：句意：玛丽正忙于翻译一本法语小说。be occupied with和be engaged in, be busy with sth./in doing sth.都指“忙于某事”；be absorbed in“被……吸引，集中精力干……”。 答案：D
4．pensonally adv.就自己而言；亲自 She said she didn’t like it, but personally I thought it was very good. 她说她不喜欢它，但在我个人看来，它是非常好的。 The director is personally in charge of all the arrangements. 导演亲自负责一切安排。 [指点迷津] personally常作插入成分，在句中作状语。 In it were photos of all the actors of our show, ______ signed by each performer. A. frequently B. personally C. alone D. actually 解析：从全文判断，照片上有表演者的个人签名，故选B。 答案：B
He was admitted to hospital suffering from burns. 他由于烧伤被送入医院治疗。 I admit 我承认我的错/我犯错误了/我错了。 [指点迷津] permit“准许”(语气最强)，allow“允许”(语气较permit弱)。permit/allow sb. to do sth.
Now that Bob has publicly ______ he was wrong, he is sharing the child－raising and household tasks with Pat. A. admitted B. suggested C. agreed D. explained 解析：从上下文判断，Bob认识到照料孩子和家务之不易，承认了错误，并与Pat分担家务。 答案：A
6．anyway adv.不管怎么说，无论如何；不论；尽管如此，反正；至少 My mother says I mustn’t go, but I’m going anyway. 我母亲说我不能去，但不管怎样，我还是要去。 －I can give you a lift. 你可以搭我的车。 －No, I’ll walk. Thanks, anyway. 不了，我要步行。尽管如此，还是要谢谢你。 I am coming anyway. 反正我要来的。 [指点迷津] ①anyway同anyhow有相同的意思和用法。 ②anyway在非正式口语中还有另外两种用法：a.表示说话人要回到主题上来；b.表示结束一个主题，又另接一个主题。 —What about going out this evening? —Oh, I don’t know. I’ve got a bit of a headache. And ______， John’s coming to see me, so I ought to stay in. A. anyway B. anybody C. however D. though 解析：anyway“不管怎么说”；anybody“任何人”；however“然而，可是”；though“虽然，即使”。 答案：A
7．conscience n．良心；是非感 according to one’s conscience凭良心 have a bad (guilty, an evil) conscience有愧于心，内疚 have a clear (good) conscience问心无愧 make sth. a matter of conscience凭良心对待(做)某事 in all conscience凭良心；公平地 I had a bad/guilty conscience about not telling her the truth. 我没有告诉她事实真相，心里觉得内疚。 I can’t advise you what to do—it’s a matter of conscience. 我不能劝告你该做什么，这是靠你自己的是非观念判断的问题。 [指点迷津] “对……有愧于心(内疚)”常译作“have a bad (guilty, an evil) conscience about...” I haven’t done anything wrong, so I’ve got a good ______. A. confidence B. innocence C. consciousness D. conscience 解析：句意：我没干过任何错事，所以我问心无愧。have a good (clear) conscience是固定表达法，意为“问心无愧”。confidence意为“信心”；innocence意为“无罪，天真，无知”；consciousness意为“意识，知觉”。 答案：D
8．standard n．水平，标准，规格 adj.标准的 come up to the standard达到标准 double standard双重标准 standard of behavior行为准则 standard of culture文化程度 set a standard制定标准 be up to/below standard达/未达到标准 The hotel offers the highest standards of comfort and service. 该旅馆提供最高标准的舒适和服务。 We work to a high standard of precision. 我们力争达到高度精密的标准。 [指点迷津] standardize v. “使标准化，使符合标准” standardization n. “标准化” It was a small country house but it was large ______ urban standards. A. at B. for C. by D. from 解析：句意：这是一间乡间小屋，但按城里的标准就是大的了。与standards相搭配的介词是by，所以选C。by“根据，按照”；at主要和invitation, request等词连用；for意为“就……而言”；常用在形容词之后，表示“出乎意料”；from根据，主要表示作出某个判断的理由。 答案：C
9．appropriate adj.适当的，恰当的 搭配：an appropriate example适当的例子；appropriate manner适当的举止；be appropriate to/for适于，合乎某事物 Sports clothes are not appropriate for a formal meeting. 运动装不适合参加正式会议。 [指点迷津] 在It is appropriate that...结构中用虚拟语气。 For many patients, institutional(慈善机构)care is the most ______ and beneficial form of care. A. suitable B. appropriate C. thoughtful D. proper 解析：句意：对许多病人来说，慈善机构的关心是一种最恰当、最有益的关心。appropriate“适当的，合适的”，指“恰如其分的”。suitable指“符合某时或某一环境下的要求或需要的”；thoughtful“关切的，考虑周到的”；proper指“正当的，正确的”。 答案：B
10．adopt vt.①收养②采取，采纳，采用 adopt a child/kid收养小孩；adopt a new technique/method采用新技术/方法；adopt a new idea采纳新意见 The couple couldn’t have children of their own so they adopted a couple of kids. 这对夫妇不能生育孩子，所以就收养了两个小孩。 Circumstances will force us finally to adopt this policy. 情况最终会迫使我们采用这项政策。 [指点迷津] 考生常将adopt与adapt(适应)相混淆，请加以辨析记忆。 The old couple decided to ______ a boy and a girl though they had three of their own. A. adapt B. bring C. receive D. adopt 解析：句意：这对老夫妇自己已经有了3个儿女，但还是决定收养一个男孩和一个女孩。此题中adopt意为“收养”。adapt“(使)适应”；bring“带来”；receive“收到”，放在这意思都不通。 答案：D
11．stick vt. (stuck, stuck)使停止；阻塞；刺；扎入；伸出；粘贴 n．棍、棒；手杖 搭配：stick to a post坚守岗位；stick to one’s words遵守诺言；stick to principles坚守原则；gather dry sticks拾干柴 Don’t stick pins into the chair. 不要把别针插入椅子里。 He stuck the picture on the wall. 他把那幅画贴到了墙上。 We gathered some sticks to build a fire. 我们捡了些棍棒来生火。 [指点迷津] stick与介词to连用，意为“坚持，坚守，不放弃”；insist on doing sth.“坚持做某事”。 Once a decision has been made, all of us should ______ it. A. direct to B. stick to C. lead to D. refer to 解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。direct为及物动词；stick to“坚持”，to为介词；lead to“导致，通向”；refer to“谈论，查阅，参考，涉及，指的是”。根据语境应选B项。 答案：B
Ⅱ.短语突破 I don’t really care for red wine. 我其实并不喜欢红酒。 Who will care for me when I am old? 我老了谁来照看我？
She doesn’t care about money. 她并不看重钱。 [指点迷津] care for作“喜欢，想要”讲，常用于一般疑问句和否定句中。 —How about going to the movies? —I don’t ______ movies. A. care much for B. care much C. care D. care about 解析：care for“喜欢，想要”，常用于疑问句或否定句中；care about“在乎，在意”。 答案：A
2．in want of需要，意思同in need of; want of sth.(某事物的)缺乏或不足 The house is in want of repair. 这所房子需要修葺。 The plants died from want of water. 这些植物因缺水而枯死了。 [指点迷津] 注意区分：in want of sth.和want of sth. The company is ______ a large number of laboratory technicians. A. want of B. in want C. wanted D. in want of 解析：in want of同in need of“需要”；want of“缺乏或不足”；is wanted是被动意思，不合题意；in want“在贫困之中”。 答案：D
Go away and leave me alone! 走开，别打扰我！ Don’t leave your handbag when you leave. 走的时候别忘带你的手提包。 I wish the rain would leave off. 我希望雨会停。
[指点迷津] 注意动词与不同介词或副词搭配表示的具体意思不同。 ______ that ______； you might break it. A. Leave; off B. Leave; out C. Leave; alone D. Leave; over 解析：leave alone不去打扰，不去动它；leave out“遗漏，省略”；leave off“停止，中断”；leave over“留下，剩下”。 答案：C
4．knock down拆掉(除)；撞倒，击倒 [指点迷津] 考生常把knock into sb.和knock against sth.混淆，注意加以区分。
The high building will be ______ to make way for the new road. A. put down B. knocked down C. knocked up against D. knocked over 解析：句意：为了修新路，高楼要拆除。knock down“拆除，撞倒，击落”；knock (up) against“碰撞，同……冲突”；knock over“撞翻”。 答案：B
5．piles of一大堆；一大批；一大团 a pile of books/plates一堆书/碟子 I’ve got piles of work to do today. 我今天有一大堆工作要做。 There is a pile of newspapers on the floor. 地板上有一大堆报纸。 [指点迷津] a pile of (piles of)后既可接可数名词复数，又可接不可数名词。 I have ______ homework to do every weekend. A. many B. a great many C. a number D. piles of 解析：句意：我每个周末都有一大堆家庭作业要做。A、B、C都接可数名词复数，而piles of既可接可数名词复数又可接不可数名词。 答案：D
You have to take a lot of risks if you want to succeed in business. 如果你想在生意上取得成功，你就得冒许多风险。 They experimented with the new materials. 他们用新材料做的实验。 We can’t fall behind others. 我们不能落后于其他人。
[指点迷津] experiment with后一般跟无生命的植物、原料、药品等；fall behind无被动语态。 We can’t afford to fall ______ our competitors in using new technology. A. down B. behind C. off D. over 解析：fall down“失败，不起作用”；fall behind“落后于”；fall off“跌落，从……掉下来”；fall over“跌倒，倒下”。因此，只有fall behind符合句意。 答案：B
[指点迷津] 在上述词组中，要注意word的单复数问题。
Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard—______， you failed. A. in the end B. after all C. in other words D. at the same time 解析：本题考查介词短语作为连接性附加状语的用法。从题干看，选项之后是对前面所说内容的解释，in other words表示“换句话说，也就是说”，故C为最佳答案。 答案：C
你看得懂这首诗吗？ It makes sense to take care of your health. 注意身体健康是明智的。 You are right in a sense, but you don’t know all the facts. 在某种意义上你是对的，但你不了解全部事实。
What you say makes no sense. 你说的话没有道理。 [指点迷津] make sense与make no sense为一对反义词组。 I have read the material several times but it doesn’t make any ______ to me. A. meaning B. importance C. sense D. significance 解析：本题主要考查的是make sense短语的意思：“有意义，弄懂……的意思”。根据句子内容，只有本短语符合语境。 答案：C
Ⅲ.句型归纳 1．I’d rather spend more time on maths and science, because I think those subjects are more important.我宁愿花更多的时间在数学和科学上，因为我认为那些科目更重要。 该句中spend＋宾语＋on为固定句式，表示“在……上花费(时间，金钱)”。 [思维拓展] “花费”的表示法： sb. spend some time/money on sth./(in) doing sth. sb. pay some money for sth. sth. take(s) sb. some time to do sth. It takes sb. some time to do sth. It costs sb. some money to do sth. [注]cost不能用于被动语态；其过去式和过去分词与原形相同。 According to a recent U．S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week ______ TV. A. to watch B. to watching C. watching D. watch 解析：该句考查句型：spend...(in) doing; spend后不跟不定式。 答案：C
2．The less anxious and more relaxed the learner, the better their language acquisition proceeds.学习者越不紧张，越能放松自己，语言习得的效果越好。 the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……，表示“越……就越……” 比较级＋比较级，表示“越来越……” Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. We hope that the telephone charges will get less and less expensive. When winter is coming, the days are getting shorter and shorter. ______ you stand, ______ you will see. A. The higher; the farther B. The farther; the higher C. Higher; farther D. Farther; higher 解析：该句表示“站得越高，看得越远”，用“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构。 答案：A
3．I’ve been studying English for so long now, and I don’t enjoy it any more.我现在已经学习英语这么长时间了，我不再喜欢它了。 该句中I’ve been studying English使用了现在完成进行时。 [思维拓展] 现在完成进行时由“have/has been＋现在分词”构成，主要表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的一个动作，这个动作可能仍在进行，也可能刚刚停止。如： My mother has been teaching English for twenty years.我妈妈一直教了20年英语。 They have been widening the road. 他们一直在加宽马路。 —Look! How long ______ like this? —Three weeks! It’s usual here that rain ______ without stopping these days of the year. A. has it rained; pours B. has it been raining; pours C. is it raining; is pouring D. does it rain; pours 解析：从语境上分析，这雨已经下了三个星期并且还一直在下着，所以第一空用现在完成进行时。第二空是对经常发生的习惯性的客观事实进行陈述，所以用一般现在时。 答案：B
4．In 1880 an interesting experiment of learning a foreign language proved to be fruitless.在1880年，一个有趣的学习外语的实验被证明是不成功的。 此句是主动语态表被动含义。 [思维拓展] 主动形式表被动含义的形式。 ①连系动词feel, sound, taste, look, smell。 The stone feels cold.这石头摸上去很凉。 ②动词open, shut, lock, sell, write, wash, read。 The new door won’t open.这新门打不开。 ③不及物动词happen, last, take place, go on, break out。 A fire broke out on the 11th floor.11楼上发生了火灾。 ④be on show, be on, be on sale, be under discussion Summer clothes are on sale.夏装正在出售。 ⑤be＋adj.＋to do The hill is hard to climb.这座山很难爬。 ⑥be worth doing The book is well worth reading.这本书很值得读。 ⑦to do作后置定语 Do you have anything more to say? 你还有什么要说的吗？ ⑧need/want/require doing(物作主语) The plan requires discussing.这个计划需要讨论。 ⑨There be句型中的不定式 There is nothing to do this weekend. 这个周末没有事情做。 ⑩add up to, belong to, come into use, give out, run out The water here has run out. 这里的水已经用完了。 The dishes my mother cooked ______. Everyone at the party liked it. A. tastes good B. tastes well C. taste bad D. tasted good 解析：taste表示“尝起来”时为系动词，后跟形容词作表语。由于liked为过去式，所以taste也应为过去式。 答案：D
The box is too heavy ______. A. carry B. carrying C. to carry D. to be carried 解析：在too...to...结构中，to后跟不定式，修饰形容词heavy，用主动形式表示被动含义。 答案：C |
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