|
Units 13～14 The mystery of the Moonstone & Zoology (2009·湖北二联)最近班上对目前为何上大学，及上大学后的状况展开了讨论，请你试想讨论结果，根据下列提示以100字左右发表自己的观点。 提示如下： 1．大学生活(有趣/乏味) 2．对日后工作，工资的影响 3．大学学业及深造学习 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考答案] We had a discussion on why we should go to university recently. This is what it shows. Some students have many colorful dreams and regard universities as most interesting places. However, the university life in reality would often make them feel very disappointed. Some students think good jobs and higher pay will certainly result from a college education and therefore, it’s easier to obtain higher social positions. Yet after graduation, many of them would find the jobs aren’t the ones they like and the pay is no higher than they expect. But I think one of the most important reasons why university still has a strong attraction is that a university provides good chances for those who are eager to learn more knowledge. Ⅰ.重点单词 1．______(vt.) 犯；做(不合法的、错的 或愚蠢的事) 2．______(n. & vi.) 评论；评述 3．______(adv.) 其间；同时 4．______(vt.) 取消；废除 5．______(vt.) 使确信；说服 6．______(vt.) 沾污；染污 (n.) 污点；污迹 7．______(adj.) 极重要的；生死攸关的
8．______(adj.) 宗教的；宗教上的 9．______(n.) 处方；药方 10．______(n.) 接待；招待会；宴会 11．______(adj.) 足够的；充分的 12．______(adj.) 精确的，准确的；精细的 13．______(adj.) 明显的；清楚的；表面上的 14．______(adj.) 透明的 [答案] 1．commit 2.remark 3.meanwhile 4.cancel 5．convince 6.stain 7.vital 8.religious 9．prescription 10.reception 11.adequate 12．precise 13.apparent 14.transparent Ⅱ.词汇拓展 1．innocent→______(n.)清白，无罪，无辜 2．assume→______(n.)假定；假设 3．guilty→______(n.)罪，罪行 4．enquiry→______(v.)询问 5．theft→______(n.)小偷→______(v.)偷窃，做贼 6．coincidence→______(v.)同时发生→______(adj.)同时发生的→______(adj.)巧合的；同时发生的 7．astonish→______(adj.)(物)令人惊讶的→______(adj.)(人)感到惊讶的→______(n.)惊讶 8．considerate→______(n.)→______(prep. & conj.)考虑到；就……而言 9．adaptation→______(v.)→______(adj.)能适应的 10．psychology→______(n.)心理学家→______(adj.)心理的 11．clarify→______(n.)澄清，阐明 12．adequate→______(n.)适当，足够 13．maximum→______(adj.)最大的→______(n.反义词)最小量 14．assumption→______(v.)假定，假设 [答案] 1．innocence 2.assumption 3.guilt 4.enquire 5．thief; thieve 6.coincide; coincident; coincidental 7．astonishing; astonished; astonishment 8．consideration; considering 9.adapt; adaptable 10．psychologist; psychological 11.clarification 12．adequacy 13.maximal; minimum 14.assume Ⅲ.重点短语 1．______ a degree 在某种程度上 2．first ______ all 首先，第一 3．dream ______ 梦见 4．be engaged ______ sb. 和某人订婚 5．keep out ______ 使避开，使在外面 6．be in love ______... 与……相爱 7．pass on...______... 把……传给…… 8．______ a．..life 过着……样的生活 9．be set ______ 以……为背景 10．be similar ______ 与……相似 11．varieties ______ 各种各样的 12．make a beeline ______ 直奔……，径直奔向…… 13．tend ______ 趋向于 14．get hold ______ 握住，抓住 15．up ______ (多)达，(高)达…… 16．______ a matter of fact 事实上；其实 17．come to ______ 显露；为人所知 18．over and over ______ 一再；多次；反复 19．tell...______ 分辨；区别 [答案] 1．to 2.of 3.about/of 4.to 5.of 6.with 7.to 8．live/lead 9.in 10.to 11.of 12.for 13.to 14．of 15.to 16.as 17.light 18.again 19.apart Ⅳ.重点句型 1．Whoever is guilty must have a stain on his or her clothes.无论是谁行窃，衣服上肯定会有污迹。 2．Franklin’s reply that doctors just guess which drug they should recommend, makes Dr. Candy extremely angry.富兰克林的回答——医生无非是凭猜想来开药方——使坎迪医生十分恼怒。 3．...compared to body size—than that of other animals.……相对身躯而言，(灵长目的大脑)比其他动物(的大脑要大些)。 Ⅰ.词汇聚焦 1．innocent adj.清白的，无罪的；无辜的 搭配：be innocent of无罪 Can you provide any evidence that he was innocent of the crime? 你能提出任何证据证明他没有犯罪吗？ Do you call these innocent amusements? 你把这些叫做无害的娱乐吗？ [指点迷津] innocent作“无罪的”用时，与unguilty同义。
A man should be assumed to be ______ of a crime until he is proved guilty. A. innocent B. aware C. sure D. ignore 解析：句意：一个人在被证明有罪之前，应假定是无罪的。be innocent of无罪；be aware of知道，意识到；be sure of对……有把握；be ignore of对某种情况不知道的，不了解的。 答案：A
2．commit vt.犯(错误、罪行等)；干(蠢事、坏事等) 搭配：commit a crime/mistake/foul犯罪/犯错/犯规；commit suicide自杀 He who commits a fault thinks everyone speaks of it. 做贼心虚。 He had committed many crimes even before 20. 他甚至在20岁之前就已犯下了许多罪行。 [指点迷津] commit的现在分词、过去式和过去分词分别为：committing, committed, committed. He was put into prison. He ______ a crime. A. must commit B. might have committed C. must have committed D. might commit 解析：根据“was put into prison”，后面应该是对过去事情的肯定推测，所以要用must have done。 答案：C
3．pretend v．假装；佯作 He pretended sickness. 他假装有病。 He pretended to be friendly with us. 他装作对我们很友好。 He pretended that he had a headache. 他假装头疼。 [指点迷津] pretend之后的不定式有时态变化。 Don’t pretend ______. Your book is upside down. A. to read B. to be reading C. to have read D. reading 解析：pretend to be reading表说话时正在进行的动作。句意：不要假装在读书，你的书拿倒了。 答案：B
4．cancel vt.取消；废除 搭配：cancel a check使支票作废；cancel a contract/an order废止合同/取消订货；cancel a word/sentence删除一个词/句子 I have canceled my subscription to the newspaper. 我已取消订阅那份报纸。 We have to cancel our trip because of the bad weather. 由于天气不好，我们只得取消旅行。 [指点迷津] 注意将cancel与abolish区别开来；abolish废除，主要指用暴力或法律手段废除某种制度或风俗。 Our company decided to ______ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been met. A. destroy B. resist C. assume D. cancel 解析：句意：由于合同中有好几项条款未能兑现，我们公司决定废除合同。cancel the contract废止(除)合同；destroy the contract销毁这份合同书，与本句意思不符；assume承担；resist抵制，抵抗。 答案：D
5．assume vt.①假定，假设，臆断②承担，担任③呈现 搭配：assume sb./sth. to be...假设，假定某人/某事为……；assume office就职；assume power/responsibility/control掌权/承担责任/取得控制权；assume a new aspect呈现新的面貌 We assume his innocence/We assume him to be innocent before hearing the evidence against it. 在未听到对他不利的证据之前，我们假定他是无罪的。 Her countenance assumed a smile. 她的脸上现出了笑容。 [指点迷津] assuming that...＝supposing/suppose that...“假定……”。 Farmers will have a bumper(巨大的)harvest, ______ that the weather is favourable. A. pretending B. assuming C. thinking D. believing 解析：assuming that...＝supposing that...假定，根据句意，其他选项都不合句意。 答案：B
6．clarify vt.澄清；阐明 [指点迷津] 注意辨析clarify/classify/clear/clean。
—Could you ______ the first point please? —I don’t understand it completely. A. clean B. clear C. clarify D. classify 解析：clarify“使清楚、使明白”，多用于抽象意义，指澄清事实、秘密、形势等；clear“清除”，多用于具体事物；clean“清除”，指用具体方法将污垢、脏物等清除掉；classify“分类，分等级”。 答案：C
7．beyond prep.①在(或向)……的那边，远于②迟于③超出，非……所及adv.在更远处，往更远处，再往后 beyond用作介词时，可表示“(程度)深于；(范围)越出；(可能性、理解力、能力等)非……可及”，能与不同的名词搭配，如：beyond recognition认不出来的；beyond belief难以置信的；beyond one’s wildest dreams做梦也想不到的；也能与代词搭配，如：beyond one’s power超出某人的能力。 Understanding Hawking’s A Brief History of Time is beyond my capacity. 我看不懂霍金的《时间简史》。 Your bad behavior is beyond a joke. 你的不良行为超出了开玩笑的限度(你的玩笑开得太大了)。 It’s beyond me why she married him. 我不明白她为什么会嫁给他。 [指点迷津] ...is beyond praise……令人赞叹不已。这一短语在阅读中出现频率较高，请记住。 I am sorry it’s ______ my power to make a final decision on the project. A. over B. above C. off D. beyond 解析：本题考查介词辨析。over和above作为介词表方位时，意为“在……上方，高于……”；off意思是“从……脱离，不在某物表面上”；而beyond意为“超出……的范围”。 答案：D
名词：possession所有，拥有；财产，所有物 in possession of sth.占有某物；take possession of拥有，占领 The police asked me if I possessed a gun. 警察问我是否有一支枪。
She was found in possession of dangerous drugs. 她被发现藏有危险药品。 [指点迷津] possess一般不用于进行时态。possession所有，拥有；possessions财产(注意用复数形式)。 The English language ______ a vivid saying to describe this sort of situation. A. owns B. contains C. holds D. possesses 解析：possess“占有、拥有”，既可指某人对某物具有所有权和支配权，又可指具有才华、特点、品质、性格、财产等；own拥有，表示合法或天生地拥有某物，不能用于抽象意义；contain包含、容纳，强调包含于某一事物中；hold拥有、持有，指更有力地控制、掌握或保持。 答案：D
9．approve vt.①赞成，同意②批准，核准，对……表示认可 vi. (of)赞成，同意 搭配：approve of sth./approve of (sb.’s) doing sth.赞同、支持某事/赞同、支持(某人)做某事；approve (doing) sth.批准(做)某事；approve a plan/bill批准一个计划/一项法案；approve of A’s marriage to B同意A与B的婚姻 The committee didn’t approve of the decision. 委员会不赞成这个决定。 My parents don’t approve of me smoking cigarettes. 我的父母不准许我吸烟。 [指点迷津] approve of“赞成，同意”。 approve作vt.或作vi.时后接of，接(动)名词。 Her mother does not ______ of her going to study in the United States alone. A. admit B. agree C. prove D. approve 解析：句意：她母亲不同意她一个人去美国念书。本句中approve of表示“赞成”；admit“承认”；agree“同意”，用法为agree to, agree with, agree不和of搭配；prove“证明”。 答案：D
Ⅱ.短语突破 1．remark on/upon sb./sth.谈论或评论某人/某物 make a remark about sb./on a subject谈论或评论有关某人/某话题的事 Everyone remarked loudly on his absence. 大家高声议论他的缺席。 [指点迷津] make (a) comment on sth.也有“对……发表评论”的意思。 remarkable adj.值得注意的，引人注目的；异常的，非凡的 The similarity between them ______ often ______ on. A. has; remarked B. have; remarked C. has; been remarked D. have; been remarked 解析：根据句意，谓语动词应该用被动形式，主语the similarity为单数形式，故谓语动词也应用单数形式。 答案：C
[指点迷津] 在提供某种信息来强调已说过的某物(某事)时，可用as a matter of fact和in fact。在不同意某人说过的事时也可用as a matter of fact和in fact。
“______， I’ve got someone in the office at this very moment who might suit.” A. Above all B. As a matter of fact C. As a result D. In spite of 解析：从上下文判断，上司打电话询问情况，此处为陈述事实，故选B。 答案：B
3．over and over again一再，多次，反复 come to light显露，为人所知 They expressed their thanks to the host over and over again. 他们对主人一再表示感谢。 New evidence has recently come to light. 新证据最近才为人所知。 [指点迷津] over and over (again)＝again and again； come to light意为“make sth. known或become known”。 The performance was warmly applauded and cheered ______ by the audience. Which of the following is wrong? A. over and over B. again and again C. over and over again D. over again 解析：over again意为“从头再来一次”；A、B、C三个选项意思相同，“多次地，反复地”。 答案：D
[指点迷津] tell A and B apart能看出、分辨A和B之间的区别。
I can’t ______ Jane and Sarah ______. They look so alike. A. tell...from B. tell...between C. tell...apart D. take...apart 解析：分辨A和B，可用tell A from B或tell A and B apart，根据句子结构，只有C项正确。take...apart“把……拆开”。 答案：C
[指点迷津] get hold of中的get也可用动词catch, seize, take等替换。
I managed to ______ the bowl before it fell onto the ground. A. get hold B. get hold of C. get hold on D. get hold about 解析：get hold of抓住，拿住，握住。 答案：B
Ⅲ.句型归纳 1．...: what the chimpanzees are trained to do is not natural to them, nor does it make much sense to the animals. ……：训练黑猩猩做的并不是它们天生会的，也不是动物所能很好领悟的。 [思维拓展] nor does it make...为一倒装结构，意为“也不……”，一般有两种形式。 前后主语相同，谓语不同时，后面的谓语动词不省略。即nor/neither＋助动词＋主语＋动词。 前后主语不同，谓语相同时，后面的谓语动词可省略，即nor/neither＋助动词＋主语。当表示前者……，后者亦……时，用so代替neither或nor。 当前面表述的句子有几个谓语，且并不全是否定或肯定，或者谓语动词形式多样，即有系动词和情态动词等，可用： ①So it is/was with sb.②It is/was the same with sb.来表述。 —My brother does a lot of housework before going to work, but he has never been late. —______ A. So does my sister. B. Neither does my sister. C. Nor has my sister. D. So it is with my sister.
解析：第一个对话中既有肯定又有否定，既有does又有has，因此不能用so或neither或nor来表达另一方也如此的含义，故采用D项的句式，也可表达为“It is the same with my sister”。 答案：D 2．..., Franklin was shocked to hear...是“主语＋be＋形容词＋to do”结构 [思维拓展] ①“主语＋be＋形容词＋to do”这一结构中的形容词往往是表示心理活动的，接不定式时，不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语，主动用to do；被动用to be done。 I’m so glad to meet you here.很高兴在此遇见你。 Your parents will be pleased to receive your present.你父母将很高兴收到你的礼物。 ②“主语＋be＋形容词＋to have done”强调动作完成或早在过去发生。 John was pretty surprised to have received such an invitation.收到这样一份请柬，约翰感到十分惊奇。 We were disappointed to have been told that the match had been cancelled.被告知比赛取消的消息后，我们很失望。 ③“主语＋be＋形容词”后也可以接从句。 The teacher was angry that all the students had made the same mistake.老师很生气所有的学生犯了相同的错误。 [指点迷津] 用于这一句式结构的形容词有surprised, moved, disappointed, pleased, happy, sad, delighted, sorry, interested, glad, worried, eager, anxious, angry等。 You were silly not ______ your car. A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked 解析：句子使用“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do”，所以排除C、D两项，were说明动作发生在过去，所以使用不定式的完成式。 答案：B
3．..., he had no choice but to go abroad to sell the diamond.……他别无选择只有去国外卖掉宝石。 [思维拓展] have no choice but... 除……之外别无选择；but是介词，作“除了”解，后面跟动词不定式。 We had no choice but to wait. 我们除了等待之外别无选择。 [指点迷津] 当谓语部分出现实义动词do的任何形式时，后接不带to的不定式；是其他动词时，后接带to的不定式。 He did nothing but read yesterday. 昨天他除了读书啥也没做。 Sandy could do nothing but ______ to his teacher that he was wrong. A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit 解析：谓语是could do nothing, 出现实义动词do, but后的不定式省to。 答案：A
4．They discovered that the farther away the feeding station was, the slower the dance was.他们发现离采粉地越远，蜜蜂舞得越慢。 the more..., the more... [思维拓展] “(从句)the＋形容词/副词的比较级……，(主句)the＋形容词/副词的比较级……”这种句型表示前者与后者在程度上同样增加或同样减少。这一句型中的“the”并不是冠词。前面的“the”是关系副词，有“by how much”之意；后面的“the”是指示副词，有“by so much”之意。表示“越……，就越……”“愈是……，则愈是……”。主句如用一般将来时，前面的状语从句通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如： The sooner you do it, the better it will be. 你越早做那件事就越好。 此外，该句型不仅后面出现的与前面相同的成分可以省略，当主语、谓语等在一定的情景或场合中意思明了时，也可以省略，这种情况在口语中尤其常见。如： The more, the better.多多益善。 The global trend toward higher divorce rates has created ______ families with ______ people. A. more; fewer B. fewer; more C. many; few D. few; many 解析：考查比较级。句意：全球越来越高的离婚率的发展趋势导致了越来越多的家庭成员越来越少。 答案：A
5．Our ability to see is due to our eyesight.我们目能视物的能力称之为视力。 [思维拓展] due to ①由于，起因于②应付给……的，其中due为形容词，to为介词。 The accident was due to careless driving.车祸起因于驾驶疏忽。 表“起因于”的词组还有： owing to归功于，由于 because of因为 thanks to多亏了 on account of由于 by/in virtue of由于 arise from引起 result from起因于 lie in归因于；在于 [指点迷津] 其中to为介词。 As is known to us all, failure usually ______ laziness while diligence can ______ success. A. results from; lie in B. results in; result from C. leads to; lie in D. results from; result in 解析：句意为：众所周知，失败源于懒惰，勤奋造就成功。lead to, result in为“导致”，lie in, result from为“归因于”。 答案：D |
|
|
